Submitted by Regina Correa (rehecorrea@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T19:45:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:30:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:30:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This thesis addresses the democratic will-formation as an educational principle from Habermas’s philosophy. The theoretical and exploratory path followed by Habermas shows the theoretical feasibility of the proposition that underpins the thesis. Therefore, we present the law category as intermediation between the system and the world of life. The building of opinion and will-formation is rooted in the democratic procedure of discursive law that underlies the communicative freedom process. This is explained by the mediating processes of social communications, in which free citizens, committed to the political and public will-formation, are involved. Habermas proposes the formation of a modern society from the idea of a theory of the social communication of law, as an analysis of democratic and educational practices. In Habermas’s “Communicative acting theory”, published in 1981, the category "system" is characterized by an action of the strategic-instrumental type and the category "world of life", by the symbolic, intuitive and reconstructive production, in which the law plays a crucial role in social integration. In his work “Law and democracy: between facticity and validity”, written in 1992, discursive law constitutes a possibility of intermediation between the system and the world of life, as it works as an integrating element of the democratic society. The communication of a social freedom between citizens willing to act without coercion is an alternative to a free and emancipatory formation in education. Deliberative politics is legitimate in the discursive law, which is grounded on a broad process of democratic will-formation, which is dealt here as an educational principle mandatory for democratic societies establishing. / Esta tese aborda o tema da formação da vontade democrática como princípio educativo, a partir do pensamento de Jürgen Habermas. O percurso teórico-investigativo trilhado por Habermas evidencia a viabilidade teórica da proposição que fundamenta a tese. Para tanto, elencamos a categoria direito como mediação entre o sistema e o mundo da vida. A construção da formação da opinião e da vontade está alicerçada no procedimento democrático do direito discursivo que fundamenta o processo de liberdade comunicativa. Isto se explica pelos processos mediadores de comunicação social dos quais participam os cidadãos livres e comprometidos com a formação da vontade pública política. Habermas propõe a formação de uma sociedade moderna a partir da ideia de uma teoria da comunicação social do direito, enquanto análise das práticas democráticas e educativas. Na obra teoria do agir comunicativo, publicada em 1981, a categoria “sistema” é caracterizada por uma ação do tipo estratégico-instrumental e a categoria “mundo da vida” pela produção simbólica, intuitiva e reconstrutiva, do qual o direito assume uma função indispensável na integração social. Na obra direito e democracia: entre facticidade e validade, de 1992, o direito discursivo se constitui como uma possibilidade de mediação entre o sistema e o mundo da vida, pois este funciona como elemento integrador da sociedade democrática. A comunicação de uma liberdade social entre cidadãos dispostos a agir sem coação é uma alternativa para a formação livre e emancipatória na educação. A política deliberativa encontra legitimação no direito discursivo, que se fundamenta no processo amplo de formação da vontade democrática, e que denominamos aqui como um princípio educativo necessário para a constituição das sociedades democráticas.

本論文旨在分析在我國公視建構過程中(1990~2013年)的報紙相關評論與報導。從1915年開始，台灣就有許多透過媒體改革來爭取發言權的運動。然而，直到1990年，公民社會才出現了以產權為目標的媒改運動，亦即1990年代起的公視運動。因此，我們認為公視運動可被視為公民爭取「公共領域」的重要歷程，值得進行深入分析。 其次，本文主張公視這種「公共領域」的建構過程，應以公共對話為基礎。經文獻檢閱，我們認為公媒體與公共領域有以下關聯。以制度面而言，Habermas的晚近公共領域概念強調國家必須透過立法過程來保障溝通行動，這正和公媒體的制度契合。以公共論述判準而言，Habermas的「合理政治意志形成過程」與「理性溝通」則可用來檢視，關於公視制度的討論是否符合公共性。 此外，本文選報紙評論進行分析，不是為了比較各報論述的差異，而是報紙長時間地記載各報社、社運團體成員、學者專家與社會大眾對公視議題的論述，這可讓我們檢視及反思不同階段公視運動的論述目標與特徵。另一方面，我們也檢閱了公視相關的立法院、監察院公報等資料，藉此釐清政府、媒體與公民社會三者的關係。 本研究有以下三點發現。第一，政府政策意圖是引導公視論述的關鍵因素。只有當政府對公視採取較正面態度，公民社會才有機會對公視進行深度的討論。第二，公視議題的主要論述者是報社人員與學院知識份子，其中學知對於公視向來採取支持立場。相對而言，只有在公視處於不利局面時，各報才會較積極地對公視表達支持。第三，當報社與學知對公視議題進行討論，報社較支持「商業化」與「數位化」，學知則較重視「公共理念」。 / This paper aims to analyze newspaper commentary and reports published during the Taiwan Public Television Movement between 1990 and 2013. Since 1915, Taiwan has had a lot of media reform movements that fought for freedom of speech. But there were no media reform movements with the aim of dealing with media ownership until the Taiwan Public Television Movement happened in 1990.We believe that the public television movement was a very important process that structured" public sphere “in Taiwan and is worth an in-depth analysis. As a public sphere, Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS) should be constructed on the public dialogue. After reviewing the literature, we think that the public media and the public sphere have the following correlations. In terms of institutional designs, Habermas emphasized recently that the state needs to protect the communicative action through the legislative process. We think this is similar to the idea of public television. With regard to public dialogues, Habermas' concepts of “a process model of rational political will-formation” and "rational communication ideal " can be applied to analyze the discourse of Taiwan Public Television. In addition, we analyzed newspaper commentaries, not to compare the differences of representation between newspapers, but to document different kinds of discussions of public television by media, social movement organizations, scholars and the public over a long period of time. Whereby, we can examine and reflect on the discourse goals and characteristics of the Taiwan Public Television movement in different stages. We also reviewed the official gazettes of the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan in order to clarify the relationship between the government, the media and civil society. In this paper, we provide readers with three findings. First, the intent of government policy was a key factor in leading the discourse of public television. Only when the government adopted more positive attitudes towards the TBS did civil society have chances for more in-depth discussions. Second, the discussions of TBS were mainly made by newspaper staffs and college intellectuals. Furthermore, college intellectuals had always taken a stand that supported public television. In contrast, only when TBS was in an unfavorable situation did newspaper staffs become more active in offering support. Third, whenever newspaper staffs and college intellectuals participated in the public discussion, the former tended to support the "commercialized" and "digitized" TBS, but the latter were inclined to favor “the ideal of public sphere” of TBS.