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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

美國公共電視系統原理及其發展之研究∼從公共電視到公共電訊傳播

黃絹絹, HUANG, JUAN-JUAN Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以系統研究法探討美國公共電視系統的背景、現狀和未來。內容分為七章。 第一章導論,說明本論文的研究動機、目的、研究方法、途徑及限制。 第二章探討美國公共電視系統之原理,從多元主義政治文化的觀點來瞭解美國公共電 視形成及發展的背景。 第三章探討美國公共電視系統中的傳播來源結構,及其與其他因素互動的關係。 第四章探討美國公共電視系統中的傳播訊息,從上層文化與通俗文化的爭論著眼。 第五章探討公共電視系統中的傳播通道,論述新傳播科技對公共電視所產生的衝擊以 及其結合之道。 第六章討論公共電視系統與其受播者之間的互動關係,從受播者的人口特徵看它對公 共電視系統運作的影響。 第七章結論,綜合以上六章得知,未來美國的公共電視將會與現代新傳播科技密切結 合,成為一個公共電訊傳播系統。
2

台灣公共電視體系建構研究

簡淑如 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討在多元文化及數位環境下,如何整合現有電視資源,有效建構台灣地區公共電視體系並提出政策建議。本研究主題為台灣公共電視體系建構探討,牽涉台視、華視及公共電視組織整併、人員安置、經費來源、節目規劃等問題,非僅藉由文獻資料可得知,故本研究採取深度訪談法,進行事實現象描述、歸納與連結,並應用相關的論點,賦予意義,進而描繪出台灣公共廣電體系的架構、推動策略與行動方案等。 研究結果發現,公視現在提供一個類比電視頻道,如能儘速推動台視、華視公共化,加上現有公視成立一個公共電視體系,再整合宏觀、客家、原住民電視資源,一方面使公共電視集團能擁有足夠的媒體平台,使之滿足民眾在商業電視環境下得不到的各種媒體需求,另一方面也可將所有政府統籌編列的相關預算納入民意監督體制下。 關鍵字:無線電視、公共化;公共電視、公共電視體系。
3

歐洲主要國家公共電視研究

莊正安, ZHUANG, ZHENG-AN Unknown Date (has links)
電視是二十世紀最偉大的科學發明之一,而「公共電視」,則是人類善於運用此一偉 大發明的智慧結晶。 目前,我國的電視大體上是一種半官方的商業電視制度。商業電視節目易流於低俗, 各國皆然,我國自不例外,因此政府決定於七十三年四月成立公共電視,以高品質的 節目,充實國民的精神生活,提升欣賞水準,滿足求知慾望,並期消除商業電視之流 弊。 俗稱:他山之石,可以攻錯、公共電視乃三十年代典型的歐洲產物,至今已累積有數 十年的經驗,設若我們能作一通盤性了解,正可以擷長補短,提供我國公共電視發展 極有俾益之參考。 本文即朝此方向努力,一方面挑選歐洲實行公共電視有成國家,介紹其電視制度演變 發展及特色;另一方面則試圖作一通盤性的比較分析,以探究公共電視的精義。 本論文擬分八章: 第一章 先就本文主題的各項名詞予以界定,並申述研究目的範圍。 第二章至第七章 分別介紹英、德、法、義、瑞、荷六國公共電視制度。 第八章 結論,乃綜合比較歐洲六國公共電視,歸納其現今發展政策,以為我國公共 電視參考。
4

從媒介策略角度探討消息來源之議題建構-以公視立法爭議為例 / Source's Media Strategy and Agenda-Building - Disputes on PTV Law

葉瓊瑜, Yeh, Chiung Yu Unknown Date (has links)
在將媒體視為一公開的場域概念下,本研究主要探討的問題是誰有權力界定議題。研究問題為:(1)哪一消息來源為議題的主要界定者?(2)消息來源近用媒體的策略為何?研究議題以公共電視立法爭議過程為例。分析在此議題中,分別代表官方及民間立場的公共電視籌委會及民間籌備會在此一議題中的權力頃輒。   在研究方法上則採取內容分析法,收集中央日報、中國時報、自立早報三家報紙自八十二年六月二十日至八十四年一月十九日,所有有關公共電視立法爭議的報導。並以消息來源研究的兩種途徑:內部途徑及外部途徑來分析。在內部途徑方面,主要分析哪一消息來源有較多的機會近用媒體;在外部途徑方面,以處境較弱的民間籌備會為對象,細部比對其所發動的媒介策略,與報紙報導的情形,以區辨何種策略在近用媒體上較為有效。   研究結果發現:   代表官方消息來源的公共電視官方籌委會、監察委員、新聞局官員。立法委員等出現及發言次數都較多,與傳統消息來源近用媒體研究結果一致。但是在發言內容上,卻集中在公共電視建台以來的各式弊端上,可見官方消息來源在議題建構上,著重在各式弊端中澄清自已的角色,而非針對公共電視基本精神甚至法條來發言。   在媒介策略上,屬於弱勢的抗爭團體確實必須運用較多的媒介策略(包括傳送訊息的通道及訊息框架)來近用媒體,而不同的消息來源在媒介策略的運用上也有不同。   在細部比對公共電視民間籌備會所發動的媒介策略,與媒體報導情形後發現,以文字搭配行動的傳送訊息方式,近用媒體的機會最大,若只以行動的傳送訊息方式,也比只以文字方式來的好。   最後針對結果進行細部討論,並提出本研究的限制及對未來研究的建議。
5

美國近年公共電視之研究

林玉清, LIN, YU-GING Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主旨在於探討美國公共電視的過去、現在與未來發展,希望能作為我國公共電 視發展的參考。 論文共分為六章,第一章緒論,介紹美國電視的發展,探討商業電視的流弊,引出本 文的研究動機,即公共電視的功能及其存在價值。 第二章簡史,研究公共電視的前身─教育電視、公共電視的起源和發展。 第三章現狀,首先說明經費的來源分配,其次說明電視台的成長和類型,最後是節目 的製作和傳送。 第四章問題和影響,公共電視實施已有十七年,產生什麼問題和影響都將在本章探討 。 第五章展望,由於傳播科的發展,公共電視應多樣化,因此從有線電視、衛星傳送、 錄影機等方面來說明。 最後一章結論,盼能給予我國公共電視有益的建議。
6

建構台灣數位無線電視共同傳輸平臺計畫之政策研究:新制度論的觀點

卓沅蓁 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究認為,「建構台灣數位無線電視共同傳輸平臺計畫」迥異於過往之電視政策,為一導向以公共廣電服務引領數位化發展的政策典範轉移現象;其改變之發生,是數條制度脈絡匯集下由行動者做出選擇的結果。植基於國家資通訊基礎建設NII計畫的經驗,數位共同傳輸平臺計畫亦為國家經建計畫項下產業推動政策的一環,此政策脈絡其實來自於資訊社會中產業轉型與國際競爭之驅動,這股力量與民意機關(立法院)的結合,扭轉國家過往對於電視政策的放任態度,改採計畫經濟的形式,由公共廣電引領數位化發展。 然而如此政策內涵卻未能深入政策執行層面,由於缺乏政策本質的理解,政府各行政機關間目標不一致,無法形成政策的整體規劃與配套措施。如此狀況下,行政機關的高度政治性格,加上傳輸平臺部分資源受制於無線商業電視台,導致政策執行時程推遲,使之無法落實而為一具備國家的、公共性質的產業實驗平臺,甚至出現「拼裝車」的站台結構,實無法奢言刺激產業發展之目標。 研究最後提出,倘欲改變現狀使政策執行回歸正軌,甚至影響台灣整體廣電事業朝向健全發展,則勢必需有促使制度變革的關鍵力量介入;如以國家法規制訂方式,促使成立共同傳輸公司,並訂立頻道資源公平競爭機制,方能落實政策目標。
7

批判台灣的電視政策,2000-2002:無線電視台公共化與數位化之思辯 / A Critical Treatise on Taiwan's Television Policy, 2000-2002; Publicizing versus digitization of terrestrial services

程宗明, Hamilton Chung-ming Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
《摘要》 1987年解嚴的台灣,邁入一個前所未有的變動,型塑一個世界後進國家之林的民主化特例。在媒體改革部份,莫屬關乎大多數人視聽服務權益之無線電視為首要目標。無線電視的壟斷結構,面臨民主化多元的呼聲,掀起了風起雲湧的「黨政軍退出三台」運動,但在威權政府的支持下依然憾動不搖。另一股電視革新的風潮,為電視技術的徹底改變,從高畫質電視、衛星電視、數位電視等,前撲後繼襲向無線電視,於1998年達到高峰,使無線電視面臨不數位化、就要結束類比獨佔的命運;同一年度,公共電視台開播,注入民主化趨力,使電視結構質變。2000年總統大選,政黨輪替,失去政權庇護的無線電視體制,開始解構,現代化的改革,在渾沌的遲延中,終於再度啟航。 依據總統傳播政策白皮書意向,兩家國有商營電視台將轉換為公共電視台,並與現有規模組成公共電視集團,向後進國家民主化指標看齊。然而,在數位化整面革命的樂觀期盼下,社會既得優勢結構的份子,紛紛以數位化將會帶來頻道爆炸、言論多元為由,期盼終止公共化政策。不過無線電視數位化之路,面臨內在矛盾、轉尋歐洲數位發展模式之後,著實開了一道興革之門,公共化需求不證自明。 數位化無線電視的需求與目的,呼應了一種再現代化過程:從歐洲的數位經驗,引進共同傳輸平台、製播分離制、公部門投資引領研發等政策觀,反而證明公共電視規模的擴大有助數位化達成,同時型塑媒體生態的民主化意涵:﹝一﹞建立無線電視多頻道環境,形成壟斷有線系統之外的選擇;﹝二﹞數位化的訊號匯流,提供無線電視發揮資訊與多媒體傳輸的功能,提供公眾生活需求的指引;﹝三﹞數位電視訊號精準與普及度,得以推廣行動收視服務概念,創造公眾移動活動的附加價值; 在政策醞釀過程中,公共電視學習與國際非營利、公共利益與民間產業的電視組織之交流,吸取數位化經驗,提供政策建言,促進立法部門產業代表、新聞局規劃部門、數位電視產業組織合作力量、與民間電視改革團體的集思廣益,推演符合公共利益的數位發展政策。在建立共同傳輸平台的前提下,預期可優先為「落實公共化政策的下層基礎」打下根基。如此,無線電視的發展將邁向一個新里程碑,象徵第二現代的革新,彌補解嚴後民主化發展的人文斷層,導引視聽文明朝主流文化市場進行改造。這個公共化與數位化的無線電視創新議題,將是台灣民主深化的嶄新指標,值得國人密切關注與參與,一同考驗吾國社會發展抉擇的眼界與智慧。 關鍵詞:公共化、公共電視、民主化、第二現代、數位化、傳播政策。 / Abstract After the lift of Marshall Law in 1987, it was seen Taiwan, as one of the late comers of democratic countries through her exceptional transformation. On media reform, the first and foremost objective was the democratization of TV broadcasting industry. Within the reform missions, a civil television sector was a consensus recalled by means of military, political party and government bureaucracy step aside. However, so long as the Nationalist Party resided in government, this tripartite structure of terrestrial TV industry kept intact. On the other hand, a technological revolution driven by digitization, for example, satellite receiver, high-definition TV, digital TV, forced the analogue terrestrial TV service into its demise started from 1998. Meanwhile, the first public television channel was launched through the pressure of democratic movement. As a result, the over-commercialized television industry is curing. Till 2000, Nationalist Party was defeat by Democratic Progressive Party in a presidential election, a breakdown of television industry structure was gradually rolling out. A (re) modernization of broadcasting industry finally started. According to the White Paper of Presidential Communication Policy, currently two state-owned TV stations, TTV and CTS, are planned to transform into the public service broadcasting. However, the technocrat criticized this policy by emphasizing the diversity and freedom of speech brought by digital media. It rendered the unnecessary to the expansion of public media project. However, the continuous lack of investment on digitization of terrestrial TV service, proved the necessity of public broadcasting system in order to lead an experimental and creative works on this new service. Moreover, the digitization of Taiwan terrestrial television replies to a reform as follows: bringing European experience into the local context, reengineering the structure into the horizontal value-chain, leading development by public sector expenditure. Digitization requests to establish an economic scale of public service broadcasting and result in a health order of broadcasting industry by following goals: (1) providing a multi-channels of digital television other than the analogue ones of dominated cable service; (2) the convergence of signal realizing the universal multimedia service (3) digital transmission enhancing terrestrial broadcast up to a mobile reception and offering public added-values when moving. During the transformation of digitization, public broadcasting service, with the assistance of international non-governmental organizations, public interest and civil society sectors, proposed a policy recommendation and bridged the opinions of legislature, industrial, executive, and reform branches together into a progressive project of digital TV based on public interests. On behalf of uniform platform solution, a new digital public broadcasting service is promising. Conclusively, the digital terrestrial service is heading to a second wave of modernization. To close the gap between technology and humanity in local context, publicizing and digitization of television policy will challenge this democratizing country, Taiwan, whether or not she could move beyond the current status into an advanced industrial and democracy one. Keywords: Communications Policy, Democratization, Digitization, Publicizing, Public Service Broadcasting, Second Modernity
8

公共電視基金會獨立性及監督機制之研究 / The Study of Public Television Service Foundation's independence and supervision mechanisms

謝妮珊 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之討論重心源於2008年底爆發之公共電視預算遭凍結爭議,其所導引出我國公視以政府預算為財源模式之設計及行政、立法機關對財務之監督權限,以及財源監督實際運作與公視「獨立性」的目的出現衝突之問題。另一方面,2009年公視基金會董監事第四屆增聘過程一連串爭議事件,也使該屆董事會組成員額增補之正當性、選任程序公開性等爭點浮出檯面。此外,現行公共電視董監事選任制度設計及其運作能否充分發揮公視應有的獨立與專業治理之功能等問題均成為本研究關注之重點。 本研究透過文獻檢閱及深度訪談探討國內外公共電視董監事選任制度之設計,檢視我國公視基金會董監事近來選任過程之爭議。研究發現,我國公視董監事選任過程受國會政黨與執政者執行偏差之影響甚大,也顯示公視董監事選任程序規定的缺漏以致政黨與行政權有操弄提審過程的空間。並對維持現制下如何透過修法改善董監事的選任程序提出看法,以及建議未來公視基金會董監事選任制度可朝專業多元與責任政治之方向改革。 其次,透過文獻及訪談分析我國公視以政府預算捐贈為主之財源模式設計及其所衍生的外部監督機制,在實務運作上可能造成政治力藉由預算監督權限和程序以干預公視獨立性與節目自主之情形。研究發現,公共電視之財源模式影響外部監督之規範密度,現行以政府預算為財源所衍生之外部監督機制,其實際運作與財源模式當初設計為保障公視獨立於政治力量之外之目的有所扞格;並探討立法院在財源監督過程對公視獨立性保障之影響。此外,對於我國公視需維持政府預算為財源模式,其外部監督機制如何再規範,以在公視的獨立自主與運用公共財源的績效課責之間尋求平衡提出政策建議。 / In this study, the focus of discussion is on the disputes that the budget of Public Television Service Foundation(PTS Foundation) was frozen breaking out at the end of 2008.It presents the conflicts among the model that PTS relies on the government budgets for financial resource,the surveillance jurisdiction of government for financial affairs,and the purpose to protect independence of public television by external oversight on actual operation.On the other hand,the series of controversial incidents during the 4th board of directors and supervisors recruitment of PTS Foundation in 2009,made the disputes to surface,such like the legitimacy of the board of directors and election procedures not sufficiently open.In addition,the present system of elected directors and supervisors of PTS,whether its operation brings the function of public television’s independence or not,and other issues have become the points in this study. Through literature reviewing and interviews,this study confers the design for election system of Board of directors in domestic and foreign public television,reviews the disputes in the process of the recently elected directors and supervisors of PTS.This study finds that the election process of directors and supervisors in PTS are deeply influenced by the congress party and ruling authority’s deviation of implementation,also shows that the gaps of the election process of PTS board of directors and supervisors let the parties and executive power have the space to manipulate the elected process.Moreover,this study provides the suggestion how to amend the law and improve the shortage of the election procedure of the directors and supervisors in order to maintain the current system, and suggests the future election system can be reformed toward to the direction of professional diversity and responsibility politics. Next,on the model design that PTS takes the government budgets as financial resources and the external oversight mechanisms derived,in practice,the operation may result in the situation that the politic power by the authority and the budget monitoring procedures could interfere with the public television’s independence and its programs.The study finds that the model of public television's financial resources affect the standard density of the external oversight.The current external oversight mechanisms taking government budget as financial resources breaks the purpose of protecting public television from the political power.This study discusses the impact that the Legislative Yuan’s monitors the procedure of financial resources to the independence of public television.In addition,regarding that PTS maintains to take government budgets as financial resources and how to re-regulate the external supervision mechanisms,this study provides the policy recommendations to find balance among the public television’s independence,and the public resources application and its performance accountability.
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韓國公共電視工會運動發展-以2012年MBC罷工為例 / The Development of Korea Public TV Union Movement: The Case Study of MBC Strike in 2012

田育志, Tian, Yu Jhih Unknown Date (has links)
韓國公共電視之一的MBC,因新聞報導立場不公、社長金在哲利用人事權力不當解雇批判執政黨的製作人與記者,造成MBC喪失公正放送的意義,員工為捍衛公共電視的價值,在工會的帶領下,於2012年1月底展開長達170天的罷工。為了解這場罷工的前因後果,以及對台韓媒體工會運動帶來的意義,本研究透過深度訪談與次級資料分析,檢視2012年MBC罷工的事前、事中與事後經過。   研究發現,導致MBC工會發起罷工的事前原因,來自於MBC政治朋黨化下親執政黨立場的管理階層,與李明博政府欲將MBC私有化而影響MBC節目內容走向的舉動,破壞了MBC身為公共電視應保有的「公正放送」價值。而罷工當時,MBC工會成員的高度參與,社會大眾與其他媒體工會的聲援,促使這場罷工得以延續長達170天。可惜的是,罷工結束後,MBC不僅無力保障公正放送,阻止MBC的政治朋黨化與私有化,更造成勞資間原有的團體協約中斷;MBC工會認為,短期之內可藉由社長選任制度的改革著手,而長期則要仰賴執政者對公共電視獨立地位的認可,才有希望達到公正放送的目標。   另外,這場為捍衛「公正放送」而展開的罷工行動,也可發現除了薪資與福利之外,媒體工作者的「專業價值」也是工會在意的勞動條件;這就是本研究在分析2012年MBC罷工後,所觀察到工會在「民主性功能」的展現。同時,民主性功能也是未來台灣學術研究上,可以用以分析媒體工會的另一觀點。 / As one of the public TV networks in Korea, MBC has lost the impartiality of broadcasting for its biased news reports and the unfair dismissal by the MBC’s president, Kim Jae-Chul, of producers and journalists who criticized the government. For protecting the value as a public TV, MBC employees ,led by the MBC union, started a 170-day strike in January, 2012. In order to realize the causes and effects of this strike, and the implications for the media union movement both in Taiwan and Korea, this study will examine the causes, the processes and the effects of the strike by using in-depth interview and secondary data analysis. According to the research data, the causes of the strike were due to political factions of MBC’s executive management and the ruling party, and the privatization of the MBC by Lee Myeong-Bak Administration; those two causes destroyed the impartiality of broadcasting, which was the central value that the public TV was supposed to protect. The strike had continued for 170 days with a high degree of participation from the MBC union and the supports from other media unions and the citizens. Unfortunately, after the strike, MBC was still neither able to protect the impartiality of broadcasting nor to maintain the organizational contract between the union and the management. Talking about the protecting of the impartiality of broadcasting, the MBC union considered that it could be a short-term target to reform the election system of president in MBC, but in the long-term, it needs the ruler to take the public TV as an independent media. Besides, through the strike which was started by protecting “the impartiality of broadcasting”, we can find out that not only the wage and welfare, but the professional values of media workers is the working condition that a union will be concerned about. And it’s so-called “the function of democracy” of the union which is a research finding by analyzing the MBC strike in 2012. Furthermore, the academic circle in Taiwan can also take the function of democracy as another viewpoint to analyze the media union.
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論公共廣電集團制度之建構-以平等使用媒體為核心 / The Construction of Public Broadcasting System-Equal Access to the Media

周宇修, Chou, Yu-Shiou Unknown Date (has links)
人民有言論、著作、出版、講學自由之權利,係由我國憲法第十一條所明文保障。而依照相關大法官解釋與學說,言論自由之意涵尚可包含廣電自由、通訊傳播自由與新聞自由。由以上的討論可以知道,我國大法官於第十一條言論自由的內涵中,試圖加入給予廣電媒體更多保障的特別性質基本權。本研究在綜合歷來大法官解釋與學者之見解,認為可將其對於廣電媒體的期待整理為一個上位的媒體自由之概念,而使廣電媒體有其獨立發展的空間。但所謂的媒體自由,並不能影響人民基本言論自由、傳播權及公民權之行使。 面對日趨複雜的廣電媒體問題,近年來解除管制已經成為一種世界性的潮流,其主要原因就在於對於言論自由的尊重,以及將其視為一個市場:政府的管制除了可能不當限制言論自由之外,更容易破壞市場的秩序。但學者指出,廣電市場與一般經濟學所認知的市場有性質上的不同,且若任由廣電媒體發展,將使得部份的人民無法享有合理的傳播權利。 為了解決此一爭議,學者有認為政府有憲法上管制廣電媒體的正當性。而如前所述,媒體自由並不能夠影響言論自由與公民權的行使,因此政府有義務落實上述的人民權利。至於落實的方法,便是對商業媒體進行更加嚴格的管制,而有效的保障少數人民。 惟上述市場論、管制論等方式皆有缺陷存在,本研究認為,較好的方式,應是以折衷的方法建立雙元的廣電體系,使商業電台與公廣集團各自擁有相當的組織,並且採取「不對稱的管制方式」。但要成立一個如此龐大的公廣集團,在應然性與憲法上都有必須解決的問題。於應然性上,在數位匯流的今天,公共電視可以藉由網路影音的方式而不受時間、頻道的限制成立公視二台甚至三台,是否有必要成為龐大的集團?若要成立此一龐大的公廣集團,首先遇到的將是應如何組織公廣集團,滿足我們對公共電視的想像? 其次,建立理想的公廣集團,是否有憲法上之限制?首先遇到的,將是在滿足傳播多樣性下的憲法問題,例如為了落實原住民文化或女性主義,公共電視要求某單位應優先錄取原住民或女性,以增進節目製作的多元化,此種積極平權措施(Affirmative Actions)是否有憲法上的問題?其次,則是擴大公廣集團後,應如何處理過多的商業電台,此將涉及憲法上廣電自由、財產權等問題的實踐。 綜上所述,本文從傳播政策切入,並為其尋得憲法上之基礎,使國家有義務採取合理的雙元廣電體系,而落實人民的言論自由與平等公民權,進而與廣電媒體的媒體自由做適度調和。 / The Article 11 of the Constitution guarantees the people’s freedom of speech, publication, writing and teaching. According to the view point of Grand Justices and scholars, the freedom of speech also contains freedom of opinion via radio or television broadcast media, freedom of communications, and freedom of press. From the above discussionwe can know that Grand Justices try to give the radio and television broadcast media much special nature of the constitutional right in the Article 11 of the Constitution. This study integrates the opinion of the interpretation and the scholars, and consider that the constitutional right of the radio and television broadcast media can be the superordinate concept- freedom of media to make it develop Independently. But the freedom of media can’t impede the people’s basic freedom of speech, communication right and citizenship. Facing the problems of the growing complex media, deregulation becomes the world trend in recent year. The main causes are the respect of freedom of speech, and the theory of marketplace: the regulation of the government may violate freedom of speech, and distort the order of the market. However, people point out that the media market is different from the economics market in the nature. Besides, if we indulgedmedia, some people didn’t have had reasonable communication right. For solving this controversial, The Scholars think that the government can regulate the media with Legitimacy in the Constitution. As mentioned earlier, the freedom of media can’t disturb people’s freedom of speech and citizenship, so the government has the duty to ensure the value. As to ensure that, the government must regulate the commercial media strictly and protect the minority in effect. However, the Market Doctrine or the Regulation Doctrine is not perfect. The better method that this study considers is constructing the dual media system eclectically to make the public as the same strong as the commercial and take the “unsymmetric regulation”. Many problems have existed in ought-to-be and constitution if we wanted to construction the Public Broadcasting System. In ought-to-be, should Public TV be a System in convergence which can be as PTV2, PTV3 by internet? How to construct TBS to satisfy with our imagination? Second, Does the constitution limit the desirable TBS? Like the Diversity in the constitution, for example, is it unconstitutional that TBS make affirmative actions for aborigine or women? Besides, how should we limit the commercial media in freedom of media and property? Above of all, this study find the conclusion that the government has to make reasonable dual media system to protect people’s freedom of speech and equal citizenship from the commercial media.

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