《摘要》 1987年解嚴的台灣，邁入一個前所未有的變動，型塑一個世界後進國家之林的民主化特例。在媒體改革部份，莫屬關乎大多數人視聽服務權益之無線電視為首要目標。無線電視的壟斷結構，面臨民主化多元的呼聲，掀起了風起雲湧的「黨政軍退出三台」運動，但在威權政府的支持下依然憾動不搖。另一股電視革新的風潮，為電視技術的徹底改變，從高畫質電視、衛星電視、數位電視等，前撲後繼襲向無線電視，於1998年達到高峰，使無線電視面臨不數位化、就要結束類比獨佔的命運；同一年度，公共電視台開播，注入民主化趨力，使電視結構質變。2000年總統大選，政黨輪替，失去政權庇護的無線電視體制，開始解構，現代化的改革，在渾沌的遲延中，終於再度啟航。 依據總統傳播政策白皮書意向，兩家國有商營電視台將轉換為公共電視台，並與現有規模組成公共電視集團，向後進國家民主化指標看齊。然而，在數位化整面革命的樂觀期盼下，社會既得優勢結構的份子，紛紛以數位化將會帶來頻道爆炸、言論多元為由，期盼終止公共化政策。不過無線電視數位化之路，面臨內在矛盾、轉尋歐洲數位發展模式之後，著實開了一道興革之門，公共化需求不證自明。 數位化無線電視的需求與目的，呼應了一種再現代化過程：從歐洲的數位經驗，引進共同傳輸平台、製播分離制、公部門投資引領研發等政策觀，反而證明公共電視規模的擴大有助數位化達成，同時型塑媒體生態的民主化意涵：﹝一﹞建立無線電視多頻道環境，形成壟斷有線系統之外的選擇；﹝二﹞數位化的訊號匯流，提供無線電視發揮資訊與多媒體傳輸的功能，提供公眾生活需求的指引；﹝三﹞數位電視訊號精準與普及度，得以推廣行動收視服務概念，創造公眾移動活動的附加價值； 在政策醞釀過程中，公共電視學習與國際非營利、公共利益與民間產業的電視組織之交流，吸取數位化經驗，提供政策建言，促進立法部門產業代表、新聞局規劃部門、數位電視產業組織合作力量、與民間電視改革團體的集思廣益，推演符合公共利益的數位發展政策。在建立共同傳輸平台的前提下，預期可優先為「落實公共化政策的下層基礎」打下根基。如此，無線電視的發展將邁向一個新里程碑，象徵第二現代的革新，彌補解嚴後民主化發展的人文斷層，導引視聽文明朝主流文化市場進行改造。這個公共化與數位化的無線電視創新議題，將是台灣民主深化的嶄新指標，值得國人密切關注與參與，一同考驗吾國社會發展抉擇的眼界與智慧。 關鍵詞：公共化、公共電視、民主化、第二現代、數位化、傳播政策。 / Abstract After the lift of Marshall Law in 1987, it was seen Taiwan, as one of the late comers of democratic countries through her exceptional transformation. On media reform, the first and foremost objective was the democratization of TV broadcasting industry. Within the reform missions, a civil television sector was a consensus recalled by means of military, political party and government bureaucracy step aside. However, so long as the Nationalist Party resided in government, this tripartite structure of terrestrial TV industry kept intact. On the other hand, a technological revolution driven by digitization, for example, satellite receiver, high-definition TV, digital TV, forced the analogue terrestrial TV service into its demise started from 1998. Meanwhile, the first public television channel was launched through the pressure of democratic movement. As a result, the over-commercialized television industry is curing. Till 2000, Nationalist Party was defeat by Democratic Progressive Party in a presidential election, a breakdown of television industry structure was gradually rolling out. A (re) modernization of broadcasting industry finally started. According to the White Paper of Presidential Communication Policy, currently two state-owned TV stations, TTV and CTS, are planned to transform into the public service broadcasting. However, the technocrat criticized this policy by emphasizing the diversity and freedom of speech brought by digital media. It rendered the unnecessary to the expansion of public media project. However, the continuous lack of investment on digitization of terrestrial TV service, proved the necessity of public broadcasting system in order to lead an experimental and creative works on this new service. Moreover, the digitization of Taiwan terrestrial television replies to a reform as follows: bringing European experience into the local context, reengineering the structure into the horizontal value-chain, leading development by public sector expenditure. Digitization requests to establish an economic scale of public service broadcasting and result in a health order of broadcasting industry by following goals: (1) providing a multi-channels of digital television other than the analogue ones of dominated cable service; (2) the convergence of signal realizing the universal multimedia service (3) digital transmission enhancing terrestrial broadcast up to a mobile reception and offering public added-values when moving. During the transformation of digitization, public broadcasting service, with the assistance of international non-governmental organizations, public interest and civil society sectors, proposed a policy recommendation and bridged the opinions of legislature, industrial, executive, and reform branches together into a progressive project of digital TV based on public interests. On behalf of uniform platform solution, a new digital public broadcasting service is promising. Conclusively, the digital terrestrial service is heading to a second wave of modernization. To close the gap between technology and humanity in local context, publicizing and digitization of television policy will challenge this democratizing country, Taiwan, whether or not she could move beyond the current status into an advanced industrial and democracy one. Keywords: Communications Policy, Democratization, Digitization, Publicizing, Public Service Broadcasting, Second Modernity

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