This master thesis was conducted at Volvo Construction Equipment at the cabs department in Eskilstuna, Sweden. The work comprises 30 credits and was carried out by Dennis Björnberg from Mälardalen University during the fall 2015. Volvo Construction Equipment is one of the largest manufacturers of construction equipment and among their products are wheel loaders. The assignment involves an investigation and evaluation of today’s windshield and wiper system for large wheel loader which is in need of improvements as today’s solution has reliability issues. As a result the cab department wants new concepts and solution for next generation of wheel loader that considers the current solution issues. This project aims to develop new concepts which answer the research questions developed to guide the project. The executed development process consists of three phases; problem formulation, concept development and finally product development. The first phase, problem formulation involves literature studies, project definition and demand specifications to formulate and guide the project in the right direction. The second phase develops primary concepts and comparisons with competitors and other solutions in a benchmarking leading to a development of the final concept in phase three. The development process resulted in a wide concept solution consisting of a new shaped windshield, a wiper system adjusted to the new windshield and with new frameless wiper blades, a conceptual pneumatic air system to investigate if an air barrier can keep the windshield clean and a recommendation regarding hydrophobic coatings for windshield´s. The development process resulted in a concept proposing a new shaped windshield system where the side sections is curved for a smooth transition between the sections and a modified wiper system with a wider wiping angle and more square The conclusion drawn from the project it that it is possible to improve today’s solution to develop new conceptual solutions but almost all the performance originates from the windshield´s shape and curvature. The recommendations include among others to further investigate the windshield´s shape and it effects in the wiper system, develop prototypes to further investigates the efficiency of a pneumatic system in dry environments as a replacement for wiping without fluids and to watch the development of new hydrophobic materials and coatings with better durability and lifetime.

Veiling glare has always existed in cars, but during the last years it has been brought up as a big problem. One reason is that glossier materials are being used in car interior design. Another reason is that the customers who buy the cars are getting more quality conscious. They demand to get top quality for the high price that they pay for a car, and veiling glare problems could be regarded as “low quality”. Veiling glare is when light hits the car interior and reflects into the windshield, causing mirror-like images in the windshield (ghost images). This can impair the driving experience in two ways. It can lower the contrast of the road scene and it may be a cluttering for the driver. This work handles daytime veiling glare from dashboard reflectance. The purpose was to investigate the area and to see if Saab can avoid the problem with veiling glare by using virtual prototyping (see chapter 3.3.1). This has been done by examining if the light simulation software Speos can be used to simulate and predict veiling glare, and thereby be used as a tool for better design. Key words: Veiling glare, dashboard, windshield, Speos, virtual prototyping.

<p>Veiling glare has always existed in cars, but during the last years it has been brought up as a big problem. One reason is that glossier materials are being used in car interior design. Another reason is that the customers who buy the cars are getting more quality conscious. They demand to get top quality for the high price that they pay for a car, and veiling glare problems could be regarded as “low quality”.</p><p>Veiling glare is when light hits the car interior and reflects into the windshield, causing mirror-like images in the windshield (ghost images). This can impair the driving experience in two ways. It can lower the contrast of the road scene and it may be a cluttering for the driver.</p><p>This work handles daytime veiling glare from dashboard reflectance. The purpose was to investigate the area and to see if Saab can avoid the problem with veiling glare by using virtual prototyping (see chapter 3.3.1). This has been done by examining if the light</p><p>simulation software Speos can be used to simulate and predict veiling glare, and thereby be used as a tool for better design.</p><p>Key words: Veiling glare, dashboard, windshield, Speos, virtual prototyping.</p>

The Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) program is a home visitation program that targets low income parents expecting their first child. With the nurse delivering services, the program is designed to facilitate positive changes that improve health outcomes for the woman and her baby. Despite successful program implementation in mostly urban communities across the United States, obstacles exist to implement Nurse Family Partnership in rural communities. The purpose of this practice inquiry was to collaborate with Pima County Health Department and Nurse Family Partnership to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the Nurse Family Partnership program in Pima County rural communities. As part of this practice inquiry collaboration, the first aim completed a community assessment of Arivaca to identify rural community strengths and potential barriers to implementation and thus serve as an implementation prototype for Pima County Health Department. Descriptive statistics were utilized from the Arizona Department of Health Services Arizona Vital Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau, and Arizona Department of Health Services needs assessment data sets to assess population characteristics and the Nurse Family Partnership eligible population in Arivaca. Additionally, a windshield survey was conducted to assess community referral capacity and/or program champions, existing public/community health programs or services linkages, and issues due to rurality such as transportation challenges and driving time/distances. The second practice inquiry aim developed an implementation plan, including an evaluation component, alongside Pima County Health Department that expands Nurse Family Partnership into additional rural communities in Pima County. The Nurse Family Partnership implementation plan template was utilized to identify community need and population characteristics, Pima County Health Department mission and culture, organization capacity, nursing practice and support, community linkages, sustainability, and financing and fiscal policy support. Descriptive statistics were utilized from the Arizona Department of Health Services Arizona Vital Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau, and Arizona Department of Health Services needs assessment data sets to describe a community profile to complete the Nurse Family Partnership implementation plan template. This practice inquiry demonstrated that completion of a windshield survey and review of descriptive data sets in the proposed service areas helps to identify community referral capacity and/or program champions, existing public/community health programs or services linkages, and issues due to rurality. This process can be used as a prototype for Pima County Health Department prior to implementation in the entire proposed service area.

The theoretical part of the thesis entitled "The Required Energy of a Flying Object to Damage a Windscreen" covers the historical development of glass as a raw material and its further use as a key material for the automotive industry. In the following chapters, the thesis provides an analysis of a windscreen in general including the material composition of various windscreen manufacturers, the distribution according to the accessories used in the windscreens, and the various options of placing a windscreen in a car bodywork. The homologation of a windscreen and the procedure for replacing or repairing a windscreen after a damage is also covered. Lastly, the experimental part of the thesis describes the process of testing the required energy of a flying object to damage a windscreen.

When a camera system in a car is mounted behind the windshield, light rays will be refracted by the windshield. The distortion can be significant, especially for wide field-of-view cameras. Traditional approaches handle the windshield distortion along with the calibration that calculates the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. However, these approaches do not handle the windshield distortion explicitly, and to understand the image formation, it brings to understand more about the windshield distortion effect. In this thesis, data is collected from a camera system viewed with and without the windshield. The windshield distortion effect has been studied by varying the windshield’s tilt and the camera’s setup. Points are then found in both images and matched. From this, a distortion difference is calculated and analyzed. Next, a preliminary model of the windshield distortion effect is presented and evaluated. The results show that the model works well for all cases and the two windshields considered in this thesis.

Theoretical part’s opening describes brief history of manufacturing of windshields and glass in general. Further in this part, key parameters and additional features are described as well as manufacturing processes of a modern windshield. Moreover, homologation procedure is clarified. The main focus of this thesis is technical description of typical damage of car’s windshield and investigation of its root causes, which may help to reveal insurance fraud. The thesis also outlines alternative way, which can be used to recover damaged windshield or, if necessary, to replace it.

The process of design is time consuming and result oriented. There is always a better scope for any design that reduces the time with better precision. Considering this as a major factor during design process, two of the vital parts of the aircraft conceptual design are taken into account where a lot of time can be saved. Major components considered in this work are fairings for the lift generating surfaces and cockpit windshield. In this work the major inference is to reduce the time spent on the initial conceptual design. The two components designed in this work are fairings and windshield. The fairing design in this work provides a flexible template which can be used for various fuselage and wing configurations for transport aircrafts. The windshield is classified into two types in this work, flat and blend windshield. Both the type of windshields can be implemented on appropriate fuselage. Both the components are designed to be implemented in single pilot as well as double pilot aircrafts. They also have parameters which can be modified according to the user requirement. The changes in the parameters provide the change in shape, size and volume of the components. The software used for this is CATIA V5. The process is carried out using two automation methods available in CATIA namely Power-Copy and Knowledge pattern. A comparison between the effectiveness of two automation methods used in this work is performed.

Diplomová práca, ktorá vznikla v spolupráci so spoločnosťou AUFEER DESIGN (AFD), sa zaoberá analýzou konkrétneho stieračového mechanizmu automobilu. Najprv je uvedená stručná história stieračov. Stieracie sústavy sú potom rozdelené podľa ich usporiadania a spôsobu pohonu. V nasledujúcej kapitole je formulovaná problémová situácia, problém a systém podstatných veličín. Kinematické veličiny kľúčových bodov mechanizmu sú určené analytickým aj numerickým prístupom. Výpočtový model pre kinematickú analýzu je vyvinutý v Matlabe a SimMechanics. Ďalšia časť je venovaná vytváraniu konečno-prvkového modelu v programe ANSA. Všetky deformačne-napäťové analýzy sú vykonané v programe Abaqus. Prvá z nich je parametrická štúdia, ktorá odhaľuje kritické polohy mechanizmu z hľadiska tlakového namáhania určitých súčastí. Mechanizmus v kritických polohách je potom zaťažovaný so zablokovanými ramenami stieračov. Nakoniec sú urobené lineárne analýzy straty vzpernej stability súčastí, u ktorých môže nastať, nasledované nelineárnymi analýzami so zahrnutými imperfekciami.

This thesis work has been conducted in collaboration with SPiNAB. The main assignment has been to create a new solution for adjustable windshields made of glass and keep low production costs. Throughout the project, the generic product development process has been followed with two main sources. A structure and a plan have been executed. A prestudy containing a benchmark with two competitors ''ClickitUp'' and ''Cit i Lä'' has been made. Needs have been collected and weighted. A detailed list of specifications has been made with missing data acquired from reverse engineering strategies. With the functional decomposition the functions ''Stabilize'' ''Adjust'' and ''Fit patio'' was used when generating ideas. The ideas were generated through brainstorming and research about similar solutions. After the elimination four concepts were left. The chosen concept ‘’The crutch’’ was constructed in detail with a mechanism that symmetrically disengages a cotter until released and fitted to the hole. Finally, weight calculations were made and a finite element analysis on the adjustable beam and the ground mount. The weight for the adjustable part is about 12 kg and the weight for the product as a whole is about 49 kg. The stress is 33.96 MPa and the displacement is 3.240 mm for the adjustable beam with a force of 510 N, representing 25 m/s of wind speed. The stress is 14.13 MPa and the displacement is 0.0297 mm for the ground mount for an impact force of 1 kN. The concept ''The crutch'' is the way to go forward. The concept needs some design changes before a physical prototype can be made. The weight of the adjustable part is deemed low enough to be lifted manually with the current mechanism. To keep the design cheap the beams and ground mount should have the possibility to be mirrored for the next section. / Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete med SPiNAB. Huvuduppdraget har varit att skapa en ny lösning för justerbara vindskydd av glas och hålla låga produktionskostnader. Under hela projektet har den generiska produktutvecklingsprocessen följts med två huvudkällor. En struktur och en plan har utförts. En förstudie som innehåller en benchmark med två konkurrenter ''ClickitUp'' och ''Cit i Lä'' har gjorts. Behoven har samlats in och viktats. En detaljerad kravspecifikation har skapats där saknad data har tagits fram med strategier för reverse engineering. Med funktionsnedbrytningen har funktionerna ''Stabilisera'' ''Justera'' och ''Passa uteplats'' använts för att generera idéer. Idéerna genererades genom brainstorming och studier av liknande lösningar. Efter eliminering återstod fyra koncept. Det valda konceptet ''Kryckan'' konstruerades i detalj med en mekanism som symmetriskt frigör en sprint tills den släpps och passar in i hålet. Slutligen gjordes viktberäkningar och en finita elementanalys av den justerbara balken och markfästet. Vikten för den justerbara delen är cirka 12 kg och vikten för produkten som helhet är cirka 49 kg. Spänningen är 33,96 MPa och förskjutningen 3,240 mm för den justerbara balken med en kraft på 510 N, vilket motsvarar en vindhastighet på 25 m/s. Spänningen är 14,13 MPa och förskjutningen 0,0297 mm för markfästet vid en slagkraft på 1 kN. Konceptet ''Kryckan'' är vägen framåt. Konceptet behöver några konstruktionsändringar innan en fysisk prototyp kan tillverkas. Vikten på den justerbara delen bedöms vara tillräckligt låg för att kunna lyftas manuellt med den nuvarande mekanismen. För att hålla konstruktionen billig bör balkarna och markfästet ha möjlighet att speglas för nästa sektion.