Gabnytės (1999), Lane, Hoffmeister, Bahan (1996), Sattler (2002), Ališausko (1998) ir Marschark (1997) studijos, nagrinėjančios sutrikusios klausos vaikų intelektinius gebėjimus, teigia, kad pastarieji prasčiau atlieka intelektinių gebėjimų užduotis nei girdintys vaikai. Tačiau pabrėžiami tam tikri rezultatus įtakojantys faktoriai: ar tėvai turi klausos sutrikimų, ar tėvai moka gestų kalbą, ar vaikai iki 5 metų buvo lavinti, ar vaikai neturi gretutinių sutrikimų, ar tyrėjas moka gestų kalbą. Taip pat teigiama, kad norint tyrinėti sutrikusios klausos vaiko kalbos raidą, būtina atkreipti dėmesį į: klausos sutrikimo laiką; amžių, kada buvo nustatytas klausos sutrikimas; klausos sutrikimo laipsnį; ar klausos sutrikimas yra stabilus ar progresuojantis; gretutinius sutrikimus; kalbos supratimą, bei kultūrinę aplinką. Taigi, yra daug faktorių į kuriuos būtina atsižvelgi tiriant sutrikusios klausos vaikus, o taip pat į faktorius ribojančius šių tyrimų plėtrą Lietuvoje, kadangi nėra sutrikusios klauso vaikams adaptuotų metodikų, taip pat trukdo kalbos barjeras. Tad šio darbo specifika yra ta, kad Lietuvoje pradinių klasių sutrikusios klausos vaikai nėra tirti WISC-III Neverbaline skale, Raven‘o Spalvotosiom Progresuojančiom Matricom (CPM) ir Skaitymo ir rašymo įgūdžių pradiniame mokykliniame amžiuje įvertinimo metodikos V užduotimi: „Sakinys – paveikslėlis“. Šis tyrimas parodė, kad klausos sutrikimus turintys vaikai prasčiau atlieka užduotis, nei girdintys vaikai; berniukai geriau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In accordance with Gabnytė (1999), Lane, Hoffmeister, Bahan (1996), Sattler (2002), Ališauskas (1998) ir Marschark (1997) works, theories, examining intellectual abilities of children with hearing impairment, propose that children with hearing impairment fulfill worse intellectual abilities tests. However, some influencing facts must be considered: parents hearing, parent knowledge of sign language; children education until five years; children’s other disorders; investigators knowledge of sing language. Similarly it is proposed that analyzing language development of children with hearing impairment, it is necessary to take into account: the degree of hearing impairment; the age of hearing impairment founded; the course of hearing impairment (is it stable or progressing); other disorders; language comprehension; and cultural environment. Thus, many facts should be considered analyzing children with hearing impairment and facts limiting those investigations in Lithuania as well, because, there is no adapted methodology for children with hearing impairment, inconvenience with language barrier. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to find out intellectual abilities of children with hearing impairment depending on gender, degree of hearing, parents hearing and the start the of language education using. Methods used: WISC-III nonverbal scale, Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices, reading exercise “Sentence – picture”. The study has shown that hearing children perform those... [to full text]

Objective. This thesis examines the extent to which an intelligence test, the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), aligned with the Carroll-Horn-Cattell theory of intelligence in children ages 4-18 who are either typically-developing or who have a variety of clinical impairments. Other aspects of the RIAS’s construct validity were also evaluated, including its relationship with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and whether the RIAS measures intelligence in the same way in typically-developing children as in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fit of one-factor (g) and two-factor (Verbal Ability and Non-Verbal ability) models in each sample. Configural and measurement invariance of each model were evaluated across the typically-developing group and a group of children with TBI. Correlations between scores on the RIAS and WISC-IV were examined in a group of children with clinical disorders. Results. The two-factor model fit the data of both groups while the one-factor model provided good fit to only the typically-developing group`s data. Both models showed configural invariance across groups, measurement invariance of the two-factor model, and partial measurement invariance of the one-factor model (What`s Missing subtest unconstrained), but scalar invariance was not established for either model. RIAS’s verbal subtests and indexes correlated with theoretically consistent WISC-IV indexes but the RIAS’s nonverbal subtests and indexes did not correlate highly with WISC-IV performance subtests. All RIAS index scores were higher than WISC-IV index scores. Conclusions. Evidence for the interpretability of the NIX and VIX as separate indexes was not found. The VIX is a valid index of crystallized abilities but the NIX does not adequately measure fluid intelligence. The CIX appears to provide a valid measure of g, but may be overly reliant on verbal abilities. The RIAS has significant validity issues that should limit its use in making important decisions. / Graduate

abstract: Standardized intelligence tests are some of the most widely used tests by psychologists. Of these, clinicians most frequently use the Wechsler scales of intelligence. The most recent version of this test for children is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV); given the multiple test revisions that have occurred with the WISC, it is essential to address evidence regarding the structural validity of the test; specifically, that the internal structure of the test corresponds with the structure of the theoretical construct being measured. The current study is the first to investigate the factor structure of the WISC-IV across time for the same individuals. Factorial invariance of the WISC-IV was investigated using a group of 352 students eligible for psychoeducational evaluations tested, on average, 2.8 years apart. One research question was addressed: Does the structure of the WISC-IV remain invariant for the same individuals across time? Using structural equation modeling methods for a four-factor oblique model of the WISC-IV, this study found invariance at the configural and weak levels and partial invariance at the strong and strict levels. This indicated that the overall factor structure remained the same at test and retest with equal precision of the factor loadings at both time points. Three subtest intercepts (BD, CD, and SI) were not equivalent across test and retest; additionally, four subtest error variances (BD, CD, SI, and SS) were not equivalent across test and retest. These results indicate that the WISC-IV measures the same constructs equally well across time, and differences in an individual's cognitive profile can be safely interpreted as reflecting change in the underlying construct across time rather than variations in the test itself. This allows clinicians to be more confident in interpretation of changes in the overall cognitive profile of individual's across time. However, this study's results did not indicate that an individual's test scores should be compared across time. Overall, it was concluded that there is partial measurement invariance of the WISC-IV across time, with invariance of all factor loadings, invariance of all but three intercepts, and invariance of all but four item error variances. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Psychology 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that motivate or impede faculty use of learning object repositories (LORs). The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) served as the theoretical framework for this study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in the study to explore two research questions relating to factors affecting faculty use of LORs. Research subjects were faculty and instructional staff users from two LORs: Orange Grove and Wisc-Online. This study was a two-phase design study. In Phase I, I conducted 13 interviews and analyzed data by a content analysis method. Phase II of the study was designed based on the results of Phase I. I collected data by a survey instrument from 38 respondents and analyzed the data by descriptive statistics and analysis of variance in Phase II. The results of the study indicated 22 factors as motivators for faculty use of LORs and 13 factors as barriers for faculty use of LORs. The study is the first to identify factors affecting faculty use of LORs from actual faculty users’ perspectives based on UTAUT. The study’s findings contribute to understanding the reasons that faculty use or do not use LORs and provide foundations for designing strategies to increase faculty use of LORs.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Gulini Chiodi.pdf: 363388 bytes, checksum: 0578a0c625e8841b1da092c135b88eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The study of intellectual evaluation has shown great diversity through out the time. Currently, the theory recognized as the most extensive to explain the mental functioning is the C-H-C (Cattell-Horn-Carroll). Among the tests internationally availables, the only one that meets this proposal is the theoretical battery Woodcock Johnson III (WJ - IIII). Accordingly, the objective of this study was to verify the convergence validity battery of Cognitives Abilities Woodcock-Johnson III, comparing it with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - WISC-III, already validated for our reality. The sample was composed of 30 students from public school of Primary and Secondary Education, being 15 men and 15 women aged between 13 and 15 years. It was applied to the participants, with parents permission, the two sets of Cognitive Abilities WJ-III and WISC-III. The results were analyzed according to the Pearson correlation and it was performed the Analysis of Variance between gender and age for each instrument. The results pointed to a significant correlation between the total score of Woodcock and the total score in the WISC of 0,865, between Woodcock and the scale implementation 0,766 and the scale verbal 0,843. As for the Analysis of Variance, in the instrument WISC-III there was no significant difference in age and in subtestes Complete Figures and Cubes Sex x Age to the subtest vocabulary. In addition, for the instrument WJ-III there were differences of Sex X Age only for subtest Verbal Understanding. The Battery Woodcock Johnson III is considered the most complete in order to allow the evaluation of different differents cognitive abilities of the model C-HC, and therefore, according to the presents results, the battery WJ-III can be used in Brazil to replace the WISC - III. / O estudo da avalia??o intelectual tem apresentado grande diversidade atrav?s dos tempos. Atualmente, a teoria reconhecida como sendo a mais ampla para explicar o funcionamento mental ? a C-H-C (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) . Dentre os testes dispon?veis internacionalmente, o ?nico que atende a esta proposta te?rica ? a Bateria Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-IIII). Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a validade convergente da Bateria de Habilidades Cognitivas Woodcock Johnson-III, comparando-a com a Escala Wechsler de Intelig?ncia para Crian?as WISC- III, que j? apresenta evidencias de validada para a nossa realidade. A amostra foi composta por 30 estudantes de escola p?blica do Ensino Fundamental e M?dio, sendo 15 homens e 15 mulheres com idades entre 13 e 15 anos. Foram aplicadas nos participantes, com a autoriza??o dos pais, as duas baterias de Habilidades Cognitivas WJ-III e WISC-III. Os resultados obtidos foram analisadas segundo a correla??o de Pearson e foi realizada a An?lise de Vari?ncia entre sexo e idade para cada instrumento. Os resultados apontaram para uma correla??o significativa entre a pontua??o total do Woodcock e a pontua??o total no WISC de 0,865, entre o Woodcock e a escala execu??o 0,766 e com a escala verbal 0,843. Com rela??o a An?lise de Vari?ncia, no instrumento WISC-III houve diferen?a significativa da Idade nos subtestes Completar Figuras e Cubos e de Sexo X Idade para o subteste Vocabul?rio. J? com o instrumento WJ-III houve diferen?as de Sexo X Idade somente para o subteste Compreens?o Verbal. Tais dados nos indicam que a Bateria de Habilidades Cognitivas Woodcock-Johnson- III- WJ-III permite uma avalia??o e um diagn?stico mais detalhado das v?rias habilidades cognitivas, podendo enriquecer ainda mais as possibilidades de instrumentos para avalia??o intelectual.

L'objectif principal de la thèse est de montrer les apports de l'évaluation contextualisée à l'évaluation de l'intelligence chez les adolescents.e.s, à travers cinq articles. Le premier fait l'état des lieux de l'évaluation contextualisée de l'intelligence. Le second développe les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées de l'intelligence. Les trois suivants rendent compte des apports d'outils d'évaluation contextualisée notamment en termes de preuve de validité. Seul le facteur de raisonnement fluide du questionnaire d'auto-évaluation prédit les résultats scolaires. Les liens avec le comportement adaptatif existent, notamment avec le facteur de vitesse de traitement du questionnaire (r=.69). Les questionnaires d'hétéro-évaluations entretiennent des liens modérés à forts avec les résultats scolaires. Enfin, pour le test de performance composé de sept subtests, seule une épreuve (intelligence cristallisée) corrèle positivement et significativement avec la moyenne scolaire générale (r=.42); et trois avec le comportement adaptatif (corrélations néanmoins faibles). Les résultats et implications de ces résultats sont discutés dans la conclusion et une ouverture sur la réalité virtuelle est proposée. / The main objective of the thesis is to show the contributions of the contextualized evaluation to the evaluation of the intelligence of teenagers, through five articles. The first takes stock of the contextualized evaluation of intelligence. The second develops self and hetero-reported assessments of intelligence. The following three report the contributions of contextualized evaluation tests, particularly in terms of proof of validity. Only the fluid reasoning factor of the self-report questionnaire predicts school results. The links with adaptive behavior exist, notably with the processing speed factor of the questionnaire (r = .69). Hetero-assessment questionnaires have moderate to strong links to school performance. Finally, for the performance test composed of seven subtests, only one subtest (crystallized intelligence) correlates positively and significantly with school results (r = .42); and three with adaptive behavior (yet weak correlations). The results and implications of these results are discussed in the conclusion and an opening on virtual reality is proposed.

Plusieurs études ont récemment fait l'hypothèse qu'un déficit de l'apprentissage procédural commun aux troubles neurodéveloppementaux pouvait permettre d'expliquer leur fréquente association (Nicolson et Fawcett, 2007). Tout spécialement, les circuits neuronaux impliqués dans cet apprentissage (les boucles cortico-striatale, CS et cortico-cérébelleuse, CC) pouvaient rendre compte avec pertinence de la comorbidité fréquente entre Dyslexie Développementale (DD) et Trouble de l'Acquisition de la Coordination (TAC) : 40 à 60% des enfants présentent en effet la double association. Les circuits neuronaux qui soutiennent l'apprentissage d'une séquence motrice et en particulier d'une tâche de tapping de doigts (FTT, Finger Tapping Task) sont bien connus et modélisés (Doyon, Bellec, Amsel, Penhune, Monchi, Carrier et al., 2009) et concernent tout particulièrement ces deux boucles CS et CC. Nous avons donc choisi dans cette thèse d'observer les modifications cérébrales lors de l'apprentissage d'une FTT, chez des enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans présentant une DD, un TAC ou l'association des deux troubles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons effectué une analyse des données issues des tests neurospychologiques de l'ensemble des enfants de l'étude (20 DD, 22 TAC et 23 DysTAC). Nos résultats ne montrent pas de différences entre les trois groupes aux tests attentionnels, comportementaux et psychosociaux. Nous trouvons des différences aux subtests du WISC-IV en rapport avec les capacités visuospatiales et motrices (Cubes, Symboles, Indice de Vitesse de Traitement) où le groupe DD se montre plus performant que le groupe TAC. Aucune différence n'est retrouvée entre le groupe comorbide et les deux autres groupes, suggérant d'une part un profil cognitif partagé et commun aux troubles neurodéveloppementaux et d'autre part le caractère non cumulatif de l'association des deux troubles. Dans un second temps, nous avons analysé les données issues de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par résonnance magnétique (IRMf) des 48 enfants ayant effectués la partie IRM (16 DD, 16 TAC et 16 DysTAC) afin d'explorer les activités cérébrales lors de la réalisation d'une FTT à deux stades de l'apprentissage (début d'apprentissage et stade automatique après quinze jours d'entraînement). Nos résultats indiquent que les trois groupes d'enfants ont été capable d'accéder à l'automatisation de la FTT après un entraînement approprié, mais en utilisant des processus cérébraux compensatoires différents entre les groupes. Nos résultats ne confirment pas les hypothèses et le modèle théorique de Nicolson, postulant des déficits spécialisés des boucles CS ou CC en fonction des troubles. Par contre, nos résultats mettent très nettement en évidence des mécanismes cérébraux spécifiques aux enfants TAC. Ces derniers présentent en effet une suractivation des aires attentionnelles et un recrutement de zones cérébrales plus important lors de performances similaires à celles des autres enfants. En dernier lieu, nos données indiquent que les groupes DD et DysTAC présentent un profil commun, tant dans les résultats neuropsychologiques que dans les résultats d'imagerie, alors que le groupe TAC est clairement singulier dans son fonctionnement. / Many studies have pointed out the high frequency of co-morbid associations in neurodevelopmental disorders. However, few of them have given details of cognitive functions in developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) children and still fewer on the association of DD and DCD. The main purpose of this article is to compare the intellectual characteristics of the 3 populations and, in particular, to investigate the cognitive profiles of children with co-occurrence. Recent theories consider that procedural learning may support frequent overlap between neurodevelopemental disorders. In particular, the brain networks involved in this learning (cortico-striatal (CS) and cortico-cerebellar (CC) loops) could account for frequent co-morbidity between DCD and DD (about 40 to 60% of DD and DCD subjects suffer from both disorders). The aim of our study was to investigate cerebral changes due to the motor sequence learning process, especially the finger-tapping task (FTT), from acquisition through automatization, in children with DD, DCD, or DD and DCD. The neural circuitry supporting this action is well-known and well-modelled (Doyon et al., 2009), and includes, among others, CC and CS loops. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 48 children (8-12 years old) with neurodevelopmental disorders (16 DD, 16 DCD and 16 DD+DCD) explored their brain activity during FTT, performed either after 2 weeks of training or in the early stage of learning. First, we analyzed the results in all participants (22 DCD, 20 DD and 23 DD+DCD) in tests assessing cognitive (WISC-IV), attentional (CPT-II) and behavioural (CBCL) abilities. No difference was found between the 3 groups in attention testing (CPT) and behavioural characteristics (CBCL). Significant between-groups differences were observed in Processing Speed Index (PSI) score and the block design and symbol search subtests. Post hoc group comparisons showed that DD fared better than DCD children. No significant differences were found between the co-morbid vs. pure groups: co-morbid association did not cause an accumulation of disorders. Second, our results indicated that all children with DD, DCD or both disorders performed the tasks with good automaticity, but suggested that different compensatory brain processes allowed them to access this automatization stage. Our fMRI results do not appear to confirm Nicolson's model but tend more towards shared disability in CS and CC loops for both DD and DCD, with slight between-group differences in these areas. Moreover, and in agreement with the results of previous fMRI studies in DCD children, our data disclosed increasing evidence that this group needs to invest more brain areas to achieve similar performances. Lastly, it appears that the co-morbid and DD groups are very close in cognitive profile (especially on WISC-IV) and in neural correlates associated with our paradigm, while the DCD group presents specific, distinct and particular characteristics. Our data therefore indicate a promising direction for future research on the neural mechanisms linked with learning in neurodevelopmental disorders and in understanding co-morbidity.

This study presented the past, current, and proposed practice of intelligence testing with a unique population, students identified as deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH). As a basis for describing the cognitive ability of Utah's D/HH students and to improve practice guidelines, 61 D/HH students served by Utah Schools for the Deaf and the Blind (USDB) were administered the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) standard battery and the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Based on these data, composite score distributions were described and compared with national standardization samples. Participants' WISC-IV PRI scores are summarized with the following descriptive statistics: M = 88.95, 11.05 points below the standardization sample's mean; SD = 14.55; skew = -.74; and SE = .31. Comparing the USDB D/HH sample's WISC-IV PRI scores with the WISC-IV standardization sample's distribution of scores, the participants' scores were significantly lower (two-tailed p-value of <.0001). Participants' UNIT Standard Battery Composite scores are summarized with the following descriptive statistics: M = 90.74, 9.26 points less than the standardization sample's mean; SD = 13.97; skew = -.55; and SE = .31. Comparing this sample's UNIT composite scores with the standardization sample, the participants' scores were significantly lower (two-tailed p-value of <.0001). Additionally, a Pearson correlation compared each participant's scores on the WISC-IV PRI with the corresponding score on the UNIT Standard Battery Composite, yielding a correlation coefficient of .75 with a two-tailed p-value < .0001. Recommendations for future guidelines regarding cognitive assessment of Utah's D/HH students are presented. In particular, this research supported administering the UNIT rather than the WISC-IV. Though no assessment is language free, the UNIT's administration uses simple gestures for directions, rather than spoken language. Additionally, D/HH students were included in the standardization sample. Furthermore, administering one assessment, rather than several, consumes less time for the examiner and the student, saving money and decreasing student time away from classroom instruction.

Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Morales Horiguela / Banca: Ana Lúcia Aiello / Banca: Olga Maria Piazentim Rolim Rodrigues / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar alterações no desempenho intelectual de crianças devido à contaminação por chumbo. Considerando a possibilidade de comprometimentos relacionados à contaminação por chumbo, como dificuldades e distúrbios na aprendizagem, falta de atenção, perda de memória e distúrbios de comportamento da criança, isto poderá comprometer também o seu desempenho escolar bem como levar a rotulações e a inadequações no tratamento nas diversas situações do dia-a-dia. Entendemos que a Psicologia pode contribuir para que tais situações, se ocorrerem, possam ser amenizadas através de avaliações e diagnósticos, buscando identificar as áreas de comprometimentos para que haja orientação de estratégias educacionais e estimuladoras efetivas para a otimização do desenvolvimento destas crianças.Este estudo foi realizado na cidade de Bauru (SP), com 40 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 07 a 10 anos, freqüentando o ensino fundamental. Divididos em 2 grupos de 20 crianças cada, examinadas pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz, através de exames de sangue, sendo o G1 era composto por crianças consideradas não intoxicadas, com índice zero de chumbo no sangue; e o G2, por crianças com níveis de contaminação do sangue por chumbo superior a 10 æg/dl, (10 æg/dl - índice máximo suportável estabelecido pela OMS). Participaram também, os professores de ambos os grupos. Esta investigação se deu por meio da aplicação do instrumento WISC III e de questionário com os professores, abordando aspectos comportamentais e de desempenho escolar das crianças. Os resultados obtidos nos dois instrumentos utilizados neste estudo indicaram prejuízos maiores para a população contaminada, corroborando a literatura pesquisada sugerindo, entretanto, a necessidade de outros estudos para a confirmação destes resultados. / Abstract: The present work has for objective to investigate alterations in the children's intellectual acting due to the contamination for lead. Considering the possibility of compromising's areas related to the contamination for lead, as difficulties and disturbances in the learning, lack of attention, loss of memory and disturbances of the child's behavior, this will also be able to commit your school acting as well as to take the label and to inadequacies in the treatment in the several situations of the day by day. We understood that the Psychology can contribute so that such situations, if they happen, they can be softened through evaluations and diagnoses, looking for to identify the compromising's areas so that there are orientation of educational strategies and stimulation effective for the improvement of the development of these children. This study it was accomplished in the city of Bauru, with 40 participants, of both sexes, with age from 07 to 10 years, frequenting the fundamental teaching. Divided in 2 groups of 20 children each, examined by the Institute Adolfo Lutz, through blood tests, being G1 composed by children not considered intoxicated, in agreement with established index for OMS; and G2, for children with levels of contamination of the blood for superior lead to 10 æg/dl (10 æg/dl - established maximum index for OMS). They also Participated, the teachers of both groups. This investigation felt through the application of the instrument WISC III and of questionnaire with the teachers, approaching behavior's aspects and of the children's school acting. The results obtained in the two instruments used in this study they indicated larger damages for the intoxicated population, corroborating the researched literature suggesting, however, the need of other studies for the confirmation of these results. / Mestre