Este trabalho visa propor uma metodologia de análise da variabilidade do tempo de atraso de propagação no FPGA. Para alcançar esse objetivo são utilizados três circuitos diferentes: o circuito 1 mede a diferença de atrasos de dois circuitos, o circuito 2 identifica o atraso menor de dois circuitos e, por fim, o terceiro circuito que consiste do oscilador em anel. Cada circuito foi avaliado individualmente numa estrutura BIST, implementada nos FPGA XC3S200-FT256 e EP2C35F672C6. Os métodos utilizados para análise dos dados foram a média móvel, o plano de mínimos quadrados e o teste t-student. A metodologia permitiu mostrar a variabilidade within-die e suas componentes sistêmica e randômica. / This work aims to propose a methodology of analysis of variability of propagation-delay time in FPGA. To achieve this goal three different circuits are implemented: the circuit 1 measures the delay difference of two logic paths, the circuit 2 identifies smallest delay of two logic paths, and finally the third circuit consists of a ring oscillator. Each circuit has been assessed individually in a BIST structure, implemented in FPGAs XC3S200-FT256 and EP2C35F672C6. The methods used for data analysis were the moving average, least-squares plane and the t-student test. The methodology has allowed to evaluate the within-die variability and its systemic and random components.

Submitted by GIULIANO TIERNO DE SIQUEIRA null (giulianotierno@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-22T14:01:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giuliano_Tierno_de_Siqueira_Tese_Doutoramento_21_5_16.pdf: 1238349 bytes, checksum: bb71ff3bf78dea0ceef8b632a8fc01f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-24T18:57:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 siqueira_gt_dr_ia.pdf: 1238349 bytes, checksum: bb71ff3bf78dea0ceef8b632a8fc01f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T18:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 siqueira_gt_dr_ia.pdf: 1238349 bytes, checksum: bb71ff3bf78dea0ceef8b632a8fc01f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-21 / Esta tese trata de pensar a arte de contar histórias na cidade. O título é uma alusão à clássica obra de Walter Benjamin,O Narrador. Considerações sobre a obra de Nikolai Leskov, texto de 1936. Foram consideradas nessa investigação a experiência do pesquisador/contador de histórias e de alguns narradores brasileiros que atuam em contexto urbano. Em diálogo com pensadores, educadores, artistas contemporâneos, o foco central da discussão é o paradoxo existente entre o ressurgimento da figura do contador de histórias nas cidades nas últimas décadas - com vistas à valorização da palavra pública e de retomada do encantamento dos encontros por meio da partilha de histórias - e o seu alinhamento com as práticas artísticas e performáticas ligadas ao entrenimento. Esse último ponto, pensado à luz das ideias de Guy Debord (1931-1994), sobretudo em relação ao conceito de Sociedade do Espetáculo; e, Christoph Turcke (1948 -) e sua tese sobre a Sociedade Excitada. Para responder esse explícito paradoxo entre a necessidade do exercício da partilha pública da palavra e sua concomitante armadilha sensório-espetacular nos dias de hoje, o leitor encontrará o relato de experiência do pesquisador/contador de histórias (articulado às experiências que são comuns a tantos outros narradores que surgiram nas cidades); um diálogo fictício entre o pesquisador e os autores referenciais dessa pesquisa; e, por fim, o desdobramento de outras questões pertinentes aos posicionamentos ético, estético, poético e político do contador de histórias na atualidade. / This thesis aims to reflect on the art of storytelling in the city. The title aludes to Walter Benjamin’s classic, The Storyteller. Reflections on the work of Nikolai Leskov (from 1936). There were taken into consideration in this research investigation the experience of the researcher/storyteller and of some Brazilian raconteurs who act in the urban contexts. In a dialogue with philosophers, art and educators and contemporary thinkers, the central focus of this discussion is the paradox between the rebirth of the storyteller within cities in the last decades (with regards to the appreciation of the public word and of the enchantment) and, it’s alignment with the cultural practices of entertainment. This last point, thought under the enlightenment of Guy Debord (1931-1994) and his considerations about the spectacle society; and, Christoph Turcke (1948) thoughts about the excited society. This paradox will be seen on the interviews conducted with the storytellers, and also by the bibliographical research that approaches the art of contemporary storytelling. To reach this paradox it was necessary to retell some of the pathways for formation and acting of storytellers who will appear on the research as Brazilian icons of this comeback of the art of storytelling within cities, besides understanding the roots that originated the storytelling styles we see nowadays on social and public spaces, along with the kinds of stories which will mostly compound this raconteurs repertoires. Through a fictional dialogue between the researcher and the reference authors of this research it is explicit the paradox pointed above and also unfolded from other relevant questions referring to the ethical, aesthetical, poetical and political positioning of the storyteller nowadays.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / In both developed and developing countries, small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) play a role in the economic growth of the country. The number of SMMEs and the contribution they make to national economies have been growing rapidly in recent years. The concept of trade globalisation has accelerated during this period from a national perspective to reaching international dimensions. This period is therefore a clear indicator for entrepreneurs to be more aware of new opportunities. In today’s information age it is important not only to obtain information, but also to use information effectively to create value. Information technology (IT) increases the importance of information. SMMEs need to consider IT as an important factor to achieve success in globalisation, competitiveness and innovation. Although some SMMEs use IT efficiently to improve their business and value adding processes to create a competitive advantage, SMMEs in Turkey do not effectively leverage their IT to create this advantage. This leads to low productivity among SMMEs and a subsequent low contribution to the Turkish economy. The aim of this research is to explore the challenges of adopting IT within Turkish SMMEs and the ways in which Turkish SMMEs can use IT to gain a competitive advantage. The research focuses on the importance of IT in the insurance sector in order to propose a set of guidelines to small insurance service providers on how to utilise IT to create a competitive advantage in their enterprises. The research objectives are to investigate the challenges of IT adoption and determine what role IT plays in creating a competitive advantage in Turkish SMMEs. This research consists of two basic components: firstly a qualitative methodology is used which includes employing a literature analysis, and secondly an empirical study is conducted which consists of primary research and interviews to collect data through an interview questionnaire. Qualitative data is collected from 25 SMME owners and managers in Southern Turkey through semi-structured interviews. Data is analysed using descriptive qualitative analysis. The research indicates a low usage level of IT software products by SMMEs because IT is not seen as an important tool to create a competitive advantage. Although IT enables the integration of business processes when used effectively, most SMMEs do not tap into the capabilities IT has to offer. The most common barrier for SMMEs wanting to use IT in their businesses is the high cost of IT adoption. Although there are free IT software products available for SMMEs and funding is provided by the government and other institutions, SMMEs seems not to be aware of this. The research suggests that the effective use of IT has a positive impact on SMMEs. IT provides enhanced product development and service quality to cultivate an improved level of productivity in SMMEs, and this enables SMMEs to secure a competitive advantage. As a result of using IT, SMMEs provide increased employment, grow their production, and make a significant contribution to the national economy. The outcome of the research is a set of guidelines to assist SMMEs in focusing on IT adoption and the effective use of IT to gain a competitive advantage. The research provides an improved understanding of how SMMEs adopt IT in order to gain this advantage. The challenges facing SMMEs wishing to adopt IT include a lack of information and resources to explore opportunities for IT adoption, managerial ignorance of IT, and a lack of qualified staff.

Este trabalho visa propor uma metodologia de análise da variabilidade do tempo de atraso de propagação no FPGA. Para alcançar esse objetivo são utilizados três circuitos diferentes: o circuito 1 mede a diferença de atrasos de dois circuitos, o circuito 2 identifica o atraso menor de dois circuitos e, por fim, o terceiro circuito que consiste do oscilador em anel. Cada circuito foi avaliado individualmente numa estrutura BIST, implementada nos FPGA XC3S200-FT256 e EP2C35F672C6. Os métodos utilizados para análise dos dados foram a média móvel, o plano de mínimos quadrados e o teste t-student. A metodologia permitiu mostrar a variabilidade within-die e suas componentes sistêmica e randômica. / This work aims to propose a methodology of analysis of variability of propagation-delay time in FPGA. To achieve this goal three different circuits are implemented: the circuit 1 measures the delay difference of two logic paths, the circuit 2 identifies smallest delay of two logic paths, and finally the third circuit consists of a ring oscillator. Each circuit has been assessed individually in a BIST structure, implemented in FPGAs XC3S200-FT256 and EP2C35F672C6. The methods used for data analysis were the moving average, least-squares plane and the t-student test. The methodology has allowed to evaluate the within-die variability and its systemic and random components.

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, 2011. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-22T01:38:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ÁREAS URBANAS DESFAVORECIDAS DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE..pdf: 5567032 bytes, checksum: a3bc34a5b099bdbe86f07112d3c36c8c (MD5) / Rejected by Sabrina Andrade(sabrinabeatriz@ibest.com.br), reason: on 2012-07-03T21:59:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-05T22:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ÁREAS URBANAS DESFAVORECIDAS DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE..pdf: 5567032 bytes, checksum: a3bc34a5b099bdbe86f07112d3c36c8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-04T00:30:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ÁREAS URBANAS DESFAVORECIDAS DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE..pdf: 5567032 bytes, checksum: a3bc34a5b099bdbe86f07112d3c36c8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-04T00:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ÁREAS URBANAS DESFAVORECIDAS DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE..pdf: 5567032 bytes, checksum: a3bc34a5b099bdbe86f07112d3c36c8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A formação do município do Rio Grande está vinculada a transformações políticas e econômicas em diversas escalas. Atualmente seu espaço urbano vem sofrendo influências oriundas de novos arranjos nas escalas global e nacional. Os investimentos implantados voltados às operações e atividades portuárias e industriais, trouxeram situações de tensões no uso das áreas portuárias ocupadas e urbanizadas por populações de baixa renda. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos sobre os problemas urbanos e intraurbanos. Em um segundo momento relata a evolução e formação urbana do municipío e as características do espaço urbano em suas ligações entre processos mundiais e nacionais, sobretudo com a implantação de um Pólo Naval bem como a atual situação socioeconômica do Rio Grande. Finalmente descreve as características espaciais e socioeconômicas de áreas passíveis de serem atingidas pela expansão portuária. Com base em conceitos e metodologias que caracterizam e definem o grau de desfavorecimento das áreas estudadas. A base dos dados são o Censo 2000 e levantamentos socioeconômicos realizados em 2008 e 2009, verificando que ocorreram pequenas mudanças nas condições de desfavorecimento. / The formation of Rio Grande city is linked to political and economic transformations at several scales. Actually, its urban space has been influenced of the new arrangements in the global and national scales. The investments implemented pointed towards port and industrial operations and activities brought stress situations in the use of the port areas, occupied and urbanized by low-income populations. The paper presents a literature review of studies about urban and within urban spaces problems. In a second moment, it relates the evolution and the formation of the urban municipality, and the urban space in the links between global and national processes, especially with the establishment of a Naval Pole, as well as the current socioeconomic situation of Rio Grande. Finally, it describes the spatial and socioeconomic features of areas that can affected by the expansion port, based on concepts and methodologies that characterize and define the disadvantage degree in the studied areas. The basis of data are the 2000 Census and the socioeconomic surveys, realized in 2008 and in 2009, verifying that occurred small changes in conditions of disadvantage.

Programa Institucional de CapacitaÃao Docente e TÃcnica / A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma discussÃo teÃrica sobre a Teoria da ArgumentaÃÃo na LÃngua â TAL, teoria apresentada por Oswald Ducrot e colaboradores. O objetivo principal deste trabalho à verificar como os pressupostos da TAL tÃm sido utilizados por autores que tratam da noÃÃo de encadeamento argumentativo. Como a Tal passou, desde a publicaÃÃo de âA argumentaÃÃo na lÃnguaâ, em 1983 por Anscombre e Ducrot, por modificaÃÃes em alguns de seus pressupostos, que interferiram diretamente na noÃÃo de encadeamento argumentativo, buscamos verificar se os autores que utilizaram os pressupostos da TAL acompanharam as respectivas alteraÃÃes da teoria. Com o propÃsito de delimitar a Ãrea de abrangÃncia de nosso trabalho dentro do campo da argumentaÃÃo, fizemos um percurso histÃrico sobre o tema, partindo dos primeiros usos do termo, atravÃs dos âmitosâ da Antiguidade ClÃssica atà a postulaÃÃo da Teoria da ArgumentaÃÃo na LÃngua. A cada momento histÃrico do tratamento da argumentaÃÃo, verificamos quais postulados influenciaram a teoria ducrotiana. Selecionamos como objeto de verificaÃÃo algumas obras teÃricas da Ãrea da LingÃÃstica Textual e da Ãrea da AnÃlise do Discurso, que nos permitiram, pelo fato de conterem referÃncias a conceitos advindos da teoria ducrotiana, verificar de que forma conceitos como âoperador argumentativoâ e âpolifoniaâ foram utilizados nessas obras, observando principalmente se elas acompanharam todas as reformulaÃÃes teÃricas que caracterizam a prÃpria TAL. / This paper presents a theoretical discussion on the Theory of Argumentation within Language â TAL, such as proposed by Oswald Ducrot and his collaborators. Our main objective is to investigate how the fundamental principles of TAL have been used by authors who deal with the notion of argumentative chaining. Since the publication of "The Argumentation within Language", in 1983, by Anscombre and Ducrot, some TAL basic principles have been modified, with direct consequences to the notion of argumentative chaining. Thus, this paper aims at checking if the authors who have been using TAL principles have followed the relevant modifications to the basic theory. In order to limit the scope of our work to the argumentation field, we have looked at the historical background of the discussions on the topic, from the first uses of the term in the Classic Antiquity âmythsâ to the postulation of the Theory of Argumentation within Language. On each historical moment of the reflection on argumentation, we checked which principles have influenced Ducrotâs theory. As a corpus for this study, we selected some theoretical books in the areas of Textual Linguistics and Discourse Analysis. Those texts contain references to concepts derived from Ducrotâs theory, which allowed us to observe how concepts such as âargumentative operatorâ and âpolyphonyâ have been used in these books, and above all to check if such concepts have followed, in these texts, all the theoretical reformulations that mark TAL theory.

Muitas crianças e adolescentes são vítimas de maus-tratos infantis, no Brasil e no Peru, e estas práticas constituem-se em uma violação aos seus direitos. Em ambas as sociedades, tais direitos são preconizados e garantidos por dispositivos legais, tendo em vista sua proteção integral, sendo que um destes dispositivos prevê a suspensão temporária do direito de guarda pelos pais/responsáveis. A presente investigação propõe-se a conhecer melhor as famílias brasileiras e peruanas nessa situação, em termos de exposição a fatores de risco maleáveis, específicos para os maus-tratos, situados no micro e no exosistema. O referencial é o da Teoria Bioecológica e o Modelo Transacional. Trabalhou-se com amostras de conveniência no Brasil, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto - SP (n=30) e no Peru, na cidade de Arequipa (n=30), formadas por adultos mãe/pai ou cuidador, responsável legal. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: um Roteiro de Entrevista de Caracterização Sociodemográfica da Família; o Inventário de Potencial de Maus-Tratos Infantis (CAP); a Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar Versão IV (FACES IV); o Inventário de Estilos Parentais - Práticas Educativas Maternas/Paternas (IEP) ou, a depender da idade da criança, o Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P); e o Questionário de Apoio Social (QAS). Cada instrumento foi corrigido segundo seus próprios critérios técnicos, sendo que os dados obtidos puderam ser categorizados e comparados estatisticamente. Os resultados indicaram que as famílias investigadas, em ambas as sociedades, seriam vulneráveis em termos socioeconômicos. No Brasil, embora padecendo menos do ponto de vista econômico, devido ao fato de serem, em sua maioria, beneficiárias de ajuda governamental, as famílias teriam baixo status social, tendo em conta o baixo nível de escolaridade dos pais/cuidadores e a situação de desemprego. No Peru, as famílias também teriam baixo status social, embora tendo em média uma escolaridade mais alta que as brasileiras. Essas, contudo, viveriam em condições mais precárias, com baixa renda, advinda de trabalho informal, e em moradias mais precárias, em regiões da cidade caracterizadas por escasso acesso aos serviços básicos. Nos dois países, as famílias perceberiam seus bairros como violentos ou perigosos: no Brasil, devido à venda de drogas; no Peru, devido à venda de álcool, aos roubos e ao pouco policiamento. Elas também se assemelhariam no tocante a aspectos de configuração: a maioria seria desconstituída e, por vezes, reconstituída, denotando-se histórico de violência entre os parceiros íntimos, para a maioria. Com relação às características pessoais dos pais/cuidadores, destaca-se que no Brasil estes seriam, em sua maioria, usuários de substâncias psicoativas e teriam familiares com envolvimento criminal. Em relação aos instrumentos padronizados, sublinha-se que, de modo geral, nas duas amostras, os dados indicaram a existência de problemáticas consideradas fatores de risco específicos para os maus-tratos. Focalizando as diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre as amostras, destaca-se que no CAP os participantes brasileiros pontuaram mais alto na subescala rigidez, indicando uma problemática maior nesse plano. No FACES, as amostras apresentaram diferenças nas escalas Coesão, Flexibilidade, Comunicação e Satisfação Familiar, denotando maior disfuncionalidade na amostra brasileira. O IEP diferenciou as amostras somente na dimensão de Punição inconsistente, denotando que a amostra peruana empregaria com maior frequência esta prática negativa. Em síntese, os dados sugerem que as famílias no sistema de proteção infantil efetivamente vivem problemas associados à ocorrência dos maus-tratos. Novas pesquisas na área devem se dedicar a conhecer e a analisar se os serviços que lidam com essas famílias e com seus filhos têm contemplado suas necessidades. / Many children and adolescents are victims of child abuse in Brazil and Peru; these practices constitute a violation of their rights. In both societies such rights are recommended and guaranteed by the law, in view of its full protection, with one of these law disposition standing a temporary suspension of guard by parents / guardians. This research proposes to better understand Brazilian and Peruvian families in this context in terms of exposure to manageable risk factors specific to ill-treatment, located in the micro and exosistema. The theoretical framework is the bio-ecological theory and the transactional model. We worked with convenience samples in Brazil, in the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP (n = 30), and Peru, in the city of Arequipa (n = 30) were composed, formed by adults - mother / parent or caregiver, guardian. The instruments used for data collection were: A Sociodemographic Family characterization Interview; the Child Abuse Potential (CAP); the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale- IV (FACES IV); Inventory of Parenting Styles - Educational Practices Maternal / paternal (IEP) or, depending on the age of the child, the Interview Script Education Social Skills Parental (RE-HSE-P); and the Social Support Questionnaire (SAQ). Each instrument has been analysed according to their own technical criteria, and data could be categorized and compared statistically. The results indicated that the families investigated in both countrys would be vulnerable in socioeconomic terms. In Brazil, although suffering less from the economic point of view, due to the fact that they are mostly beneficiaries of government aid programms, families have low social status, due to the low level of parents / caregivers`s education and the unemployment situation. In Peru, families also have low social status, while having on average higher education scores than the Brazilian. These, however, would live in precarious conditions, with low income, related to informal work ones and in precarious houses, in city regions characterized by poor access to basic services. In both countries, families perceive their neighborhoods as violent or dangerous: in Brazil, due to the sale of drugs; in Peru, due to the sale of alcohol, theft and little policing. They also would resemble regarding the configuration aspects: most would broked and sometimes reconstituted, showing up history of intimate partners violence, for most. With regard to parents/caregivers`s personal characteristics, in Brazil they would be, mostly psychoactive substances users and have family members with criminal envolvement. Regarding standardized instruments, it is emphasized that, in general, in both samples, the data indicate the presence of problematics considered specific risk factors for maltreatment. Focusing on statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between samples is emphasized that, in the CAP, , Brazilian participants scored higher in subscale Rigidity, indicating a larger problem here. In FACES, the samples showed differences in cohesion scales, flexibility, communication and family satisfaction, showing increased dysfunctionality in the Brazilian sample. The IEP differentiated samples only in the size of inconsistent punishment, indicating that the Peruvian sample used more often this negative practice. In summary, the data suggest that families in the child protection system effectively face problems associated with the occurrence of maltreatment in significant levels. New research in the area should be devoted to know and consider whether the services dealing with these families and their children contemplate their needs.

This thesis considers the development of Quakerism from 1647 to 1700. Changes affecting the movement in this period are often explained as the result of the Quakers' desire for socio-political respectability – that is, their desire to reduce persecution and social exclusion. This thesis does not deny the importance of socio-political factors. However, it argues that they have been exaggerated as a historical force, and that theological factors driving change have been comparatively neglected. The thesis therefore explores the Quakers' desire for 'theological respectability', by examining the scope and impact of their constructive engagement with outsiders. The project begins with an investigation into the Quakers' understanding of their personal experience, noting both continuities and underlying theological changes which cannot be explained in socio-political terms – namely, a changed view of divine immanence, a strengthened group identity, and the loss of a sense of prophetic vocation. The rest of the thesis explains these developments in their theological context. The Quakers' engagement in Christological debate forms the central case-study. Individual chapters examine the Quakers’ earliest Christology, first responses to criticism, the early career of William Penn, the intellectual development of Robert Barclay's Vehiculum Dei, the Quakers' place in the early Enlightenment, and the Keithian controversy. In particular, the need to articulate a positive theology of the Incarnation led the Quakers into conversation with many influential figures outside the movement, which in turn encouraged an increasingly derivative understanding of the Light within and more optimistic view of physical matter. These shifts relate directly to the religious changes explored in the first part of the thesis. This study illustrates the necessity of theological analysis as part of historical investigation and provides a sustained intellectual history of seventeenth-century Quakerism, demonstrating its important contribution to the intellectual landscape of the early Enlightenment.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / James W. Neill / Cluster based lack of fit tests for linear regression models are generally effective in detecting model inadequacy due to between- or within-cluster lack of fit. Typically, lack of fit exists as a combination of these two pure types, and can be extremely difficult to detect depending on the nature of the mixture. Su and Yang (2006) and Miller and Neill (2007) have proposed lack of fit tests which address this problem. Based on a simulation comparison of the two testing procedures, it is concluded that the Su and Yang test can be expected to be effective when the true model is locally well approximated within each specified cluster and the lack of fit is not due to an unspecified predictor variable. The Miller and Neill test accommodates a broader alternative, which can thus result in comparatively lower but effective power. However, the latter test demonstrated the ability to detect model inadequacy when the lack of fit was a function of an unspecified predictor variable and does not require a specified clustering for implementation.

Magister Legum - LLM / The coming into force of the Rome Statute on the 1st July 2002 signified the birth of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC came into existence as a permanent criminal court for the prosecution of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and Crime of Aggression. There are 121 states-parties to the Rome Statute. This means there are many states that have not ratified the Rome Statute. The ICC would ordinarily not have jurisdiction over the nationals of these states if they committed offences within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of the non-states parties. This paper intends to analyse whether the ICC has jurisdiction over nationals of non-state parties who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of non-states parties to the Rome Statute. There are situations and cases that are before the ICC involving nationals of non-state parties that committed crimes on territories of non-states parties. These cases have come before the ICC by way of United Nations Security Council (UNSC) referrals. This paper will therefore examine the legality of UNSC referrals under international law in respect of nationals of non-states parties, who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC, on territories of non-states parties.