Thesis (MPhil (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research was conducted to explore the experiences of people living with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWAs), especially women, as well as the factors influencing their non-participation in development projects aimed at improving their socio-economic status. The study was conducted amongst PLWAs who are members of the Tembisa Main Clinic and Winnie Mandela Clinic support groups in Tembisa, South Africa. The researcher was motivated to conduct the research because in her work as a social worker she is confronted daily with PWLAs who are from disadvantaged backgrounds and are struggling to make ends meet. Initiatives have been undertaken to try and encourage self–reliance and improve the health status of these women by developing food gardens to provide them with fresh vegetables and possible income sources from these gardens. The reluctance of members of two support groups of PLWAs to stay involved in these projects encouraged the researcher to explore these issues. The researcher consulted various sources to obtain literature on the factors influencing non-participation in development projects. In addition she undertook a qualitative study, wherein twenty participants participated. The data from this study was then interpreted and compared to the literature. The findings of this study highlighted several factors such as discrimination, local beliefs, stigma and lack of support, which influence the non- participation of PWLAs in sustainable development projects. The findings of this research also indicate that developments projects often fail to thrive because of topdown decisions about the projects, the fact that there is no start-up funding available for the projects and participants who become demotivated to participate. The research therefore concludes with recommendations in order to address these problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is onderneem om die ondervinding van mense, veral vroue, wat met Verworwe Immuniteitsgebrek Sindroom (VIGS) lewe, te ondersoek, asook die faktore wat hulle daarvan weerhou om deel te neem aan ontwikkelingsprojekte wat daarop gemik is om hul sosio-ekonomiese status te verbeter. Die studie is onderneem onder pasiënte wat lede was van ondersteuningsgroepe by Tembisa Hoofkliniek en Winnie Mandela Kliniek in Tembisa, Suid-Afrika. Die navorser is gemotiveerd om die studie te onderneem omdat sy daagliks in haar werk as sosiale werker gekonfronteer is deur mense wat met VIGS lewe, wat uit minder bevoorregte agtergronde kom en wat sukkel om te oorleef. Inisiatiewe is onderneem om hierdie vroue se selfstandigheid te bevorder en om hul gesondheidstatus te verbeter deur groente tuine te ontwikkel om hulle van vars groente te verskaf, asook moontlike inkomstebronne uit hierdie tuine. Die onwilligheid van die lede van twee ondersteuningsgroepe om in hierdie projekte betrokke te bly, het die navorser aangemoedig om hierdie aangeleentheid verder te ondersoek. Die navorser het verskeie bronne geraadpleeg om literatuur te verkry oor die faktore wat die nie-deelname in ontwikkelingsprojekte beïnvloed. Sy het ook kwalitatiewe studie onderneem waaraan twintig respondente deelgeneem het. Die data van hierdie navorsing is daarna geïnterpreteer en met die literatuur vergelyk. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing het verskeie faktore uitgelig wat die niedeelname beïnvloed van mense wat met VIGS lewe, soos diskriminasie, plaaslike gelowe, stigma en gebrek aan ondersteuning. Die navorsing het ook bevind dat ontwikkelingsprojekte dikwels nie floreer nie as gevolg van die ‘topdown’ besluitneming oor die projekte en omdat daar nie genoegsame vooraf befondsing beskikbaar is vir die projekte nie en die deelnemers dus demotiveer om verder deel te neem. Die navorsing sluit dus af met voorstelle om hierdie probleme aan te spreek.

The purpose of this study was to examine sociocultural and psychological correlates of bulimic symptomatology and drive for thinness in a sample of nonclinical female adolescents.

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The study aims to explore women's psychosocial needs and concerns following an HIV positive diagnosis. It also seeks to understand nature and various sources of care and support that women need for learning how to live with an HIV positive diagnosis. Finally, to understand what women need from HIV/AIDS health care and social service providers. In order to achieve these aims, a sample of 12 HIV positive women age between 20 and 40 was approached and interviewed at the Centres for Disease Control Clinic (CDC) in one of the local hospital in Pietermaritzburg. A qualitative research approach using semi- structured in-depth interviews was used in the study. The findings of the study reveal that HIV positive women are still faced with a range of psychosocial needs, different to that of HIV infected men. Their main psychosocial concerns centre on the welfare of their children rather their own health. Women fear rejection from their sexual relationships and as a way of coping with this, they choose to abstain from intimate relationships. Many women receive limited support from their families, health, and social welfare systems. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

One of the greatest social injustices is that people who are marginalized experience more illnesses, disability, and shorter lives than those who are more affluent (Benzeval, Judge, and Whitehead, 1995). In this dissertation I critique the notion that health is affected by poverty through primarily material factors. In fact, poor women are systematically excluded from resources and opportunities to pursue their health. This feminist action research project addressed how poverty and exclusion influenced poor women's health, examined how a group of women negotiated their experiences of poverty and health, and developed action strategies to address their shared concerns. For 1 V2 years I worked with a group of 30 poor women and gathered qualitative data from 15 meetings, 32 interviews, and 30 sets of fieldnotes. The women lived in material deprivation and could not afford the most basic living necessities. They felt stereotyped, excluded, and invisible in their every day lives. The stereotype of the "welfare recipient" fueled institutional stigmatization and surveillance. Welfare, health care, and community recreation workers were threatening, withheld important information, and limited the women's access to services through chscriminatory practices and policies. The women had limited access to health-promoting resources, and their interactions with authorities were shaming which negatively influenced their psychosocial health through stress, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. Services that were meant to help them labelled them as poor and hurniliated them. The women's shame, material scarcity, and limited access to resources engendered feelings of lack of control and hopelessness and influenced their health. The women's varied discourses of poverty and health reflected attempts at finding legitimacy in a society that systematically excluded and de-legitimized them. Through their conversations and our feminist action research work together, they uncovered legitimate identities within experiences of poverty and ill-health and advocated action and social change. They cited a "livable" income, accessible health-promoting resources, and redressing stigmatizing practices and policies as changes required to improve their health. These findings confirmed that the social determinants of health must be reframed to better understand the effects of exclusion on poor women's health and that inclusion, respect, and dignity are fundamental conditions for promoting health.

This research project examines the experiences of women who have undergone elective cosmetic breast surgery. Drawing from qualitative in-depth interviews with twenty four women, this study examines why these women were willing to undergo dangerous and invasive cosmetic surgery procedures to change the appearance of their breasts. It is argued that although the women exercised agency in their decision-making, their choices were severely constrained by a culture that rewards women for conforming to feminine beauty norms, and sanctions those who do not. The women’s experiences further reveal that their decisions often “cut both ways.” These women’s decisions “cut both ways,” because while the women acquired personal benefits, these came with significant physical and emotional costs. Finally, it “cuts both ways,” because while these women personally benefited, their decisions result in the reproduction of the current beauty system and uphold the unjust feminine beauty norms on which it is based. / viii, 228 leaves ; 29 cm.

Essa dissertação mapeia e interpreta trajetórias de mulheres participantes do projeto de geração de renda Vitrine Social, a fim de compreender os valores, relações e conflitos envolvidos nos processos de capacitação, produção e comercialização de artefatos. A pesquisa está centrada nas trajetórias de vida de quatro mulheres que participaram do Programa Vitrine Social, na cidade de Curitiba-PR entre os anos de 2010 e 2015 e que comercializam seus produtos nas feiras de artesanato de Curitiba, mais especificamente, nas feiras do Largo da Ordem e da Praça Osório. A partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, apresentamos os embates vivenciados no processo de tornar-se uma “empreendedora-artesã”, uma vez que o programa se propõe a formar empreendedoras/es. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados para esta pesquisa qualitativa foram observação participante nas feiras de artesanato, registros em diário de campo e entrevistas que foram guiadas a partir das materialidades confeccionadas ao longo do curso: colchas de patchwork costuradas pelos grupos, portfólios de costura e outros produtos costurados. Em diálogo com as narrativas e memórias das interlocutoras deste trabalho, procuramos produzir uma imagem de todo processo: a decisão por começar a fazer o curso, a trajetória de aprendizado da costura e de noções de gestão de negócios, a formação de um grupo produtivo (e de um “projeto” coletivo), a comercialização nas feiras de artesanato, o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e, por fim, a produção dentro dos lares. Com um olhar sensível às relações e aos espaços envolvidos em cada etapa, foi possível evidenciar a não homogeneidade do processo de aprendizado e das formas de criação e produção de artefatos costurados. / This thesis maps and interprets women’s trajectories, which participate in a social project called Vitrine Social, which goal is to generate income. The aim is to understand values, relationships and conflicts experienced during training, production and commercialization of the handcrafts. This research is centred on life trajectories of four women, who were participants of the Vitrine Social in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015 and sold their products in Curitiba’s handicraft fairs, mainly at Largo da Ordem and Praça Osório Fairs. From a gender perspective, we present conflicts experienced in the process of becoming a “handcraft-businesswoman”, since this program proposes to form entrepreneurs. The methodological procedures performed on this qualitative research were participative observation of handicraft fairs, records on field diaries and life history interviews with participants from latest groups of Vitrine Social. Interviews were guided starting from handcrafts made during the course: patchwork bedspreads sewed by groups, sewing portfolios and other stitched products. In dialogue with conversationalist narratives and memories we attempted to build an image of the whole process: the decision of taking part of the course, the learning process of sewing, the business management, the formation of a productive group (and of a “Project” collective), commercialization in craft fairs, the new product development, and at last, the production at home. Looking carefully at relationships and spaces involved in each stage, it was possible to evidence inhomogeneity in the learning process, development and production of sewed handcrafts.

O presente estudo verifica e analisa como se realiza o cuidado junto às mulheres em situação de prostituição desde a perspectiva da educação popular, com vistas à transformação social. Considera-se, portanto, importante investigar quais são os mecanismos de exploração, causas e desafios vivenciados pelas mulheres inseridas no mundo da prostituição, além de analisar a possibilidade de um processo educativo marcado pela educação popular libertadora e, finalmente, apontar pistas para o desenvolvimento de um trabalho desde esta perspectiva. O aprofundamento teórico concretiza-se a partir de temas tais como: a prostituição e o contexto das mulheres que aí se encontram inseridas, a educação popular, a pedagogia e os processos desencadeados na perspectiva de transformação social, e espiritualidade desde a ótica do cuidado. Para a concretização de tal estudo, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, utiliza-se a pesquisa de campo, realizando-se a coleta de dados e colhendo-se as escutas das histórias de vida das mulheres. Através dos resultados obtidos nas pesquisas, apresentam-se propostas de ações junto a mulheres em situação de prostituição. / This study verifies and analyzes how to care for women in the situation of prostitution from the perspective of popular education, aiming at social transformation. It is, therefore, important to investigate what are the mechanisms of exploitation, the causes and challenges experienced by the women involved in prostitution, in addition to examining the possibility of an education process which highlights popular education and liberation and finally, to suggest lines of action for the development of work from this perspective. The theoretical study becomes concrete on topics such as: prostitution and the context of the women who are involved in it, popular education, pedagogy and the processes triggered from the perspective of social transformation, and spirituality from the perspective of care. To accomplish such a study, in addition to the literature search, field research is used undertaking data collection and gathering, by active listening, the life histories of the women. Through the results obtained in the research, proposals are presented for action with women in the situation of prostitution.

Orientador: Lilia Blima Scraiber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:54:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_AndreaFelicissimo_M.pdf: 10595181 bytes, checksum: 6d98808d957495376df13623b4bddf1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O problema da Violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno mundial e de grande magnitude. E, que têm merecido maior visibilidade a partir dos anos 90 na área da saúde embasado pela constatação de que a violência contra a mulher está associada a um maior risco para diversos agravos à saúde. Em especial, a violência doméstica tem-se demonstrado como um fenômeno freqüente de caráter insidioso e de cronicidade que tem repercussões em termos de saúde fisica mental e reprodutiva. A conseqüência disto é um aumento de demandas aos serviços de saúde. Nossa hipótese é a de que a prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo é alta; o registro em prontuários é muito baixo e,que as mulheres em situação de violência tendem espontaneamente a procurar e usar mais os serviços de saúde. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o perfil de uso de serviços entre usuárias de 15 a 49 anos,do sistema público de saúde do Município de São Paulo,que relataram ou não violência por parceiro íntimo. A metodologia utilizada foi a técnica de pesquisa quantitativa com aplicação de entrevista estruturada com 1008 usuárias de 08 serviços de saúde do município. Foi realizado também o levantamento dos registros médicos (prontuários) das entrevistadas. A prevalência de violência por parceiro psicológica, fisica e /ou sexual encontrada foi de 57,7% entre aquelas que estavam casadas ou tinham companheiro à época da entrevista. Embora a prevalência de violência seja alta o registro em prontuários é mfnimo, foram encontrados 03 anotações em prontuário entre os 977 analisados.O tempo médio de usuária (em anos) nos serviços foi de 2,4 e o número médio de consultas na unidade foi de 4, 42consultas/ano de vida de usuária. Uma análise preliminar aponta, que o uso de serviços por mulheres em situação de violência para esta população especificamente se mostrou aumentado em relação aquelas sem episódios de violência. Contudo a população usuária de serviços de atenção primária da rede pública tem dificuldade de acessar o serviço visto pelo tempo médio de uso / Abstract: The problem of violence agajnst women has been a world phenomenon and of high magnitude to. And it has deserved more studies in the 90's in the health area based on the knowledge that violence against women is associated to hea1th risks. Intimate partners violence among all kinds of violence has been the most harmful in terms of physical, mental and reproductive health. According to this there has occurred a higher demand to heaIth services. Our hypothesis is that the prevalence of violence perpetrated by intimate partners is very high; the records are very low in dossiers and the women in situation of violence spontaneously tend to use and look for these services. In this sense our study aims to characterize the people of theses services according to users from 15-49 years old, of the Município de São Paulo public health service who have related or not violence by intimate partners. The methodology used was the technique of quantitative research through interviews structured with 1008 users of 08 health services. According to doctors inquiries and through the users interviews. The prevalence of violence by partners -psychological, physical and/or sexual found was of 57,7% among those who were married or who hade an intimate partner by the time of the interviews. AIthough being high the prevalence of violence recorded in dossiers just 03 remarks were registered in these among the 977 analised samples. The average time the users looked for these services was of 2,4 and the average number of appointments was of 4,42 appointments / user age. One first analises points out that services used by women in situation of violence to this specific population has increased compared to those without any episode of violence. Nevertheless firstly the users population to primary care in public health services bave found some difficulties on accessing them according to the average time of use / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

The focus of this study is on the experiences of a small sample of local women who have been recently diagnosed with HIV. The aim of the research was to give these women an opportunity to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV. Five isiXhosa-speaking women were recruited and interviewed. These accounts were collected and analysed within in the methodological framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative approach that is becoming increasingly popular in the broad fields of health and clinical psychology. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Five themes within the participants’ experiences of living with HIV were identified: (1) experiences of diagnosis, (2) experiences of stigma, (3) social support, (4) coping strategies, and (5) HIV as one of many assaults to self. Implicated in these experiences are the ways in which these women have appraised themselves and their situation after an HIV-positive diagnosis, appraisals that are shaped by HIV-related stigma. A variety of negative emotional reactions are common following the diagnosis, often compounded by the direct experiences of HIV-related stigma. Women in the study adopted different kinds of coping strategies based on the resources and social support available to them. Also significant is that for these women who had typically endured a variety of traumatic life events, a positive diagnosis was simply one of many life challenges