This research expands on previous work and provides further validation of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) by exploring the relationships among the MWEP dimensions and other common work-related attitude variables: job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Furthermore, this study investigates the extent to which the MWEP dimensions explained variance in the above mentioned variables over and beyond that which could be explained by conscientiousness and need for achievement. Although the MWEP dimensions correlated with the other work-related variables, the MWEP allowed for the evaluation of unique patterns of relationships among these variables and the work ethic dimensions. The results indicated that the MWEP dimensions were significantly related to conscientiousness yet accounted for significant variance in job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction above and beyond that explained by conscientiousness. Contrary to what was expected, need for achievement was not significantly related to the MWEP dimensions. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

This research expands on previous work and provides further validation of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) by exploring the relationships among the MWEP dimensions and other common work-related attitude variables: job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Furthermore, this study investigates the extent to which the MWEP dimensions explained variance in the above mentioned variables over and beyond that which could be explained by conscientiousness and need for achievement. Although the MWEP dimensions correlated with the other work-related variables, the MWEP allowed for the evaluation of unique patterns of relationships among these variables and the work ethic dimensions. The results indicated that the MWEP dimensions were significantly related to conscientiousness yet accounted for significant variance in job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction above and beyond that explained by conscientiousness. Contrary to what was expected, need for achievement was not significantly related to the MWEP dimensions. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Introduction: A population that can live and work longer has resulted in a wider range of generations being active in the workplace simultaneously and the diverse multi-generational work environment is a new challenge for human resource management. The most recent generation that is entering the job market is Generation Y, which is also referred to as Millennials. Currently, organizations and Human Resource departments are facing the issue of Generation Y entering the workforce and the issue at hand is considered to be real. The main focus in this paper is Generation Y and how their work attitudes in the workplace differ or resembles that of the previous generations. Purpose: With this research we want to primarily establish and present our observation of the differences in Generation Y and preceding generations’ work attitudes occurring in multi-generational workplaces, and later evaluate to what extent it is present in the work environment of the chosen business sectors in Sweden. Method: This thesis major applies the deductive approach. Both primary data and secondary data were collected during the research. Primary data was collected through interviews and the secondary data was gathered from Internet resources, books, published articles and journals. Conclusion: The differences between the generations’ work attitude are present within all of the aspects of work attitudes studied excluding individual vs. team orientation where the data was conflicting. Differences in some aspects were more and the potential to cause clash was noticeable and in other aspects there were less differences or personal factors found to be more important than generational factors.

Šiame darbe tyrėme organizacinio teisingumo reiškinį apsiribodami darbo atlikimo vertinimo (toliau - DAV) kontekstu, nes yra duomenų, kad suvoktas DAV teisingumas ankstesniuose tyrimuose buvo susijęs su darbo atlikimo vertinimo sistemos efektyvumu ir kitomis pasekmėmis organizacijai. Didžiausias dėmesys tyrime buvo skirtas darbo atlikimo vertinimo proceso veiksnių sąsajų su DAV teisingumu tyrimui. Kaip pasekmes organizacijai mes tyrėme nuostatas darbo atžvilgiu. Nagrinėjome ryšius tarp DAV teisingumo ir pasitenkinimo darbu bei ketinimo keisti darbą. Tyrime apklausta 117 dirbančių asmenų, kurių darbo atlikimas periodiškai yra įvertinamas ir aptariamas su tiesioginiais vadovais. Tyrimu siekėme išsiaiškinti, kokie darbo atlikimo vertinimo proceso (DAV sistemos, vertinimo pokalbio, ir veiksniai ne vertinamojo pokalbio metu) organizacinio teisingumo veiksniai yra susiję su suvoktu DAV teisingumu. Nustatyta, kad didžioji dauguma,11 iš 13, veiksnių statistiškai reikšmingai susiję su DAV teisingumo įverčiais (koreliacijos koeficientai svyravo nuo 0,33 iki 0,76). Nesusiję su DAV teisingumu buvo du veiksniai – DAV sistemos sudėtingumas ir procedūros, užtikrinančios papildomą aukštesniosios vadovybės darbo atlikimo įvertinimo tikslumo kontrolę. Darbuotojų suvoktą DAV teisingumą įtakoja trys DAV proceso veiksniai: bendradarbiavimas darbo atlikimo vertinimo aptarime, darbo atlikimo vertinimo pokalbio (ne)malonumas ir darbo atlikimo – gauto įvertinimo atitikimas. Pirmieji du veiksniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / While exploring organizational justice phenomenon, we limited our scope to specific area of work relationship and decision making – performance evaluation. We used past research notion from literature that performance appraisal (PA) fairness is related to PA system effectiveness and various organizational outcomes such as work attitudes. The main part our attention was focused on the relationship of PA process variables and PA fairness. We explored relationship of PA fairness and two work related attitudes – job satisfaction and intention to turnover. We distributed our questionnaire to 117 employed Lithuanian persons, whose performance appraisal is evaluated and discussed with manager at least once a year. 88 percent of subjects were woman, mostly with university degree. In our research we were looking for the answer, which PA process variables (PA system, PA session, non-session) are related to PA fairness. Results indicated, that majority of variables (11 out of 13) were significantly correlated with PA fairness (correlation ranging from 0.33 to 0.76). System complexity and multiple inputs of management in PA items were not correlated with PA fairness. This data is opposite to (Giles et al., 1997) findings for US sample. PA fairness can be predicted by 3 variables, accounting for 77% variance. These variables are session participation, session unpleasantness and performance-rating linkage. Firs two items we prescribed interactional justice emanating from manager, and the... [to full text]

Published Article / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and work ethics using participants from a South African and Zimbabwean University. 200 participants took part in the study. 60 academic and 40 non-academic members of staff were randomly drawn from each of two universities, one form each country. Significant correlations were reported between overall satisfaction and having a lot of money and investing it, working like a slave at everything one does until satisfaction, hard and succeeding, life meaningfulness and leisure time, leisure time interesting than work, and learning better on the job by striking out boldly on their own than by following the advice of others. Overall, a comparison between the South African and Zimbabwean group showed that the two groups differ on 25 out of the 65 variables with the South African group exhibiting higher mean scores.

Employee engagement is a recent work attitude that was introduced among practitioners in the 90's of last century. Academic researchers accepted this new concept reservedly and discuss the actual contribution of the term to the work motivation theory. There can be identified several different approaches toward defining the term in the academic literature. Yet there is no general agreement on one single approach. At the same time the concept is a subject to objections, that it brings nothing new and extra above the existing work concepts, especially work satisfaction and organizational commitment. In my thesis I set myself an objective to answer a question whether the concept of employee engagement introduces new aspects of strong identification and activation to the work motivation theory. In the second chapter I compare employee engagement to the established work attitudes, namely to work satisfaction, organizational commitment, job involvement and organizational citizenship behaviour. By compilation of theoretical resources I demonstrate that employee engagement is distinct from the other work attitudes by its strong degree of employee identification and activation. Afterwards I define engagement on its own and strive for systematic classification of its concepts. Via compilation of theoretical...

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In recent years, the re-distribution of medical resources conducted by the government in general renders physicians to be anxious about the stability and fairness of their income. The worries are even aggravated by the policies such as ¡§secret in payment¡¨ or ¡§personalized payment¡¨ that are currently preceded by the hospitals. Since the as mentioned worries may affect physicians¡¦ attitudes toward their patients, factors affecting physicians¡¦ satisfaction in their income based on the stand point of ¡§salary justice¡¨ are thus important and will be the focus of the present research. Meanwhile, the influences of ¡§total budget system¡¨ on ¡§salary justice¡¨ and ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ are also studied. The overall consequences to the physicians ¡§work attitude¡¨ are finally evaluated and analyzed in the present study. The research was conducted by distributing 319 questionnaires to the physicians belonging to eight hospitals in the middle area of Taiwan. Among these distributed questionnaires, 108 of them were retrieved. The retrieval rate is thus calculated as 33.9%. The results are presented as follows: 1.Gender, salary and position do not possess any influence on ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ and ¡§working attitude¡¨. 2.A negative correlation is observed between ¡§age¡¨ and ¡§salary justice¡¨. This implies the elders demand higher base in their salary. 3.The more open in salary information and communications, the better in ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨. 4.The ¡§structure of income¡¨ should be consistent with one¡¦s recognition on the source of his or her salary. Together with a fair distribution in overall benefits would help in motivating positive work attitude. 5.More understanding in the method of benefit distribution as proposed in the ¡§total budget system¡¨ could lead to more negative attitude in working. 6.The ¡§total budget system¡¨ is still in the embryonic stage. No effects on ¡§salary justice¡¨ and ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ have been observed yet. 7.A physician would possess a stronger commitment in job fair and team involvement when he/she feels satisfactory with the payment.

Companies throughout the world are faced with continual changes in order to remain competitive and survive. These changes are caused by economic uncertainty, globalisation, mergers and acquisitions. The results are unemployment or transfer of workers to the different areas of the organisation. These changes have unprecedented effect on workers, especially the survivors of retrenchments or downsizing, resulting in a feeling of job insecurity. lnsecurity is concerned with the continued existence of jobs for the employees in the organisation. It is characterised by feelings of powerlessness, uncertainty and fear. Consequently, job insecurity has emerged as an important stressor in modern organisations. Studies indicate that job insecurity leads to physical and psychological health problems. Further employees who experience feelings of job insecurity are more likely to display undesirable organisational outcomes such as withdrawal behaviours, job dissatisfaction and low organisational commitment. The empirical objective of this study was to determine the possible relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Also, whether job insecurity can predict job satisfaction and organisational commitment. A survey design was used to realise the research objectives. The study population consisted of 121 employees in a mining organisation. The Job Insecurity Questionnaire, the Revised Short-version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Organisational Commitment Questionnaires were used as measuring instruments. Reliability and construct validity of all three questionnaires were found to be acceptable. It was found that respondents experienced below average levels of job insecurity. They further showed above average levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The findings indicate that a relationship exists between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Practically significant differences of medium to large effect were established for race, respondents having qualifications of less than Std 10, semiskilled, grade C3, 4 and 5 and E, DL and DU, and who are affiliated to NUMSA, which means that they experience more job insecurity compared to other groups. Through regression analysis, it was established that job insecurity predicts 44% of total variance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Limitations were identified and recommendations with regard to future research and recommendations for the organisation were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.