Past research has revealed that mental health practitioners experience challenging reactions in the course of their professional interactions with traumatized clients in the clinical work setting. The demands of caring, without commensurate replenishment, deplete the practitioners' empathy and produces forms of apathy and indifference towards the suffering of others, known as compassion fatigue. This quantitative, exploratory, cross sectional study examined the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue and work attitudes in primary care physicians located in West Africa. The etiological model of compassion fatigue and constructivist self-development theory (CSDT) formed the conceptual framework for examining clinician responses to trauma-related experiences in the clinical work environment. The main research question in this study was: How well does the level of compassion fatigue in practitioners predict their work attitudes in the clinical work setting? Survey data collected from 67 primary care physicians were analyzed using a linear regression modeling procedure. Results showed that practitioners' compassion fatigue was a statistically significant predictor of their work attitudes, F(1,65) = 7.78, p < .05, R-² = .107. Results also confirmed that compassion satisfaction moderated the effect of compassion fatigue in practitioners. The data revealed that higher levels of compassion satisfaction was related to more positive levels of attitudes toward work. This study provided empirical information regarding the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and work attitudes. The results can be used to promote social change by providing health-care leaders in developing countries information that supports the need for activities, services, and support programs that enhance compassion satisfaction in physicians, to improve work attitudes. Such programs would promote further social change by improving the physicians' well-being, and mitigating the effects of compassion fatigue.

Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

Affective Events Theory (AET) of Weiss and Cropanzano (1996) provides a theoretical basis for explaining the antecedents and consequences of affective states at work. In this study, an extended model based on the AET framework was tested for examining the relationships between work events, affective dispositions, affective states and reactions, and the work attitudes and behaviors of the employees. Work events were assessed comprehensively using an affective work events inventory developed as part of the study. A tripartite affect structure (pleasure, calmness, and energy) was adopted for mapping the affective states of the employees at work. Core self- and external-evaluations constructs were used as the dispositional antecedents of affective experiences. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), and turnover intentions were examined as the work attitudes and behaviors. Findings of the study provided evidence for the validity of the AET model. Both positive and negative work events were significantly related to the affective experiences of the employees, negative events having stronger influences. The affective dispositions of core self- and external-evaluations also contributed to the prediction of affective experiences. However, these affective dispositions did not have any moderating influences on the relationship between work events and affective experiences at work. Affective experiences were significantly related with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and OCB. Exploratory analyses revealed that the major themes intersecting the critical work events and event categories were organizational justice, and coworker or supervisory support. The implications of the study for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.

Past research has revealed that mental health practitioners experience challenging reactions in the course of their professional interactions with traumatized clients in the clinical work setting. The demands of caring, without commensurate replenishment, deplete the practitioners' empathy and produces forms of apathy and indifference towards the suffering of others, known as compassion fatigue. This quantitative, exploratory, cross sectional study examined the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue and work attitudes in primary care physicians located in West Africa. The etiological model of compassion fatigue and constructivist self-development theory (CSDT) formed the conceptual framework for examining clinician responses to trauma-related experiences in the clinical work environment. The main research question in this study was: How well does the level of compassion fatigue in practitioners predict their work attitudes in the clinical work setting? Survey data collected from 67 primary care physicians were analyzed using a linear regression modeling procedure. Results showed that practitioners' compassion fatigue was a statistically significant predictor of their work attitudes, F(1,65) = 7.78, p < .05, R² = .107. Results also confirmed that compassion satisfaction moderated the effect of compassion fatigue in practitioners. The data revealed that higher levels of compassion satisfaction was related to more positive levels of attitudes toward work. This study provided empirical information regarding the predictive relationships between compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and work attitudes. The results can be used to promote social change by providing health-care leaders in developing countries information that supports the need for activities, services, and support programs that enhance compassion satisfaction in physicians, to improve work attitudes. Such programs would promote further social change by improving the physicians' well-being, and mitigating the effects of compassion fatigue.

Companies throughout the world are faced with continual changes in order to remain competitive and survive. These changes are caused by economic uncertainty, globalisation, mergers and acquisitions. The results are unemployment or transfer of workers to the different areas of the organisation. These changes have unprecedented effect on workers, especially the survivors of retrenchments or downsizing, resulting in a feeling of job insecurity. lnsecurity is concerned with the continued existence of jobs for the employees in the organisation. It is characterised by feelings of powerlessness, uncertainty and fear. Consequently, job insecurity has emerged as an important stressor in modern organisations. Studies indicate that job insecurity leads to physical and psychological health problems. Further employees who experience feelings of job insecurity are more likely to display undesirable organisational outcomes such as withdrawal behaviours, job dissatisfaction and low organisational commitment. The empirical objective of this study was to determine the possible relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Also, whether job insecurity can predict job satisfaction and organisational commitment. A survey design was used to realise the research objectives. The study population consisted of 121 employees in a mining organisation. The Job Insecurity Questionnaire, the Revised Short-version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Organisational Commitment Questionnaires were used as measuring instruments. Reliability and construct validity of all three questionnaires were found to be acceptable. It was found that respondents experienced below average levels of job insecurity. They further showed above average levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The findings indicate that a relationship exists between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Practically significant differences of medium to large effect were established for race, respondents having qualifications of less than Std 10, semiskilled, grade C3, 4 and 5 and E, DL and DU, and who are affiliated to NUMSA, which means that they experience more job insecurity compared to other groups. Through regression analysis, it was established that job insecurity predicts 44% of total variance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Limitations were identified and recommendations with regard to future research and recommendations for the organisation were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005.

Scholars describe both the military and the family as “greedy institutions,” or institutions that require expansive time and energy commitments, and alter participants’ master status (Segal 1986; Coser 1974). However, the military’s employment benefits may counteract its greedy elements. I use data from the 2008 Survey of Active Duty Members to examine commitment to military employment in wartime, accounting for greedy elements of military service (such as geographic mobility, risk of bodily harm, and separations), job benefits, family structure, and gender. The results show that women in dual-service marriages, unmarried men, and those who experienced separations reported lower career commitment and affective organizational commitment. In contrast, the use of military job benefits was positively associated with commitment. Counterintuitively, parenthood, geographic mobility, and being stationed in Afghanistan were also positively associated with commitment. These findings complicate the military’s label as a greedy institution, and contribute to the literature on work-family conflict and gendered organizations.

Political liberalization and increased public costs have placed new demands on the Swedish public sector. Two ways of meeting these novel requirements have been to corporatize and privatize organizations. With these two organizational changes, however, comes a risk of increased insecurity and higher demands on employees; the ability to handle these changes is likely dependent on their social status within an organization. The general aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how corporatization and privatization might affect employees’ work climate, work attitudes and ill-health. Special importance is placed on whether outcomes may differ depending on the employees’ social status in the form of hierarchic level and gender. Questionnaire data from Swedish acute care hospitals were used in three empirical studies. Study I showed that physicians at corporatized and privatized hospitals reported more positive experiences of their work climate compared with physicians at a public administration hospital. Study II showed that privatization had more negative ramifications for a middle hierarchic level (i.e., registered nurses) who reported deterioration of work attitudes, while there were no major consequences for employees at high (physicians) or low (assistant nurses) hierarchic levels. Study III found that although the work situation for women and men physicians were somewhat comparable (i.e., the same occupation, the same organization), all of the differences that remained between the genders were to the detriment of women. The results of this thesis suggest that corporatizations and privatizations do not necessarily imply negative consequence for employees. However, the consequences appear to differ between groups with different social status. Employees whose immediate work situation is affected but who do not have sufficient resources to handle the requirements associated with an organizational change may perceive the most negative consequences. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

Šiuo darbu buvo siekiama ištirti tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe sąsajas su jų pasitenkinimu darbu, saviveiksmingumu darbe, lūkesčiais, susijusiais su jų vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, jų vaikų bendrais sunkumais, socialiu elgesiu bei akademiniais pasiekimais. Šiame darbe keliami uždaviniai ištirti: a. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų pasitenkinimo darbu sąsajas, b. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų saviveiksmingumo darbe sąsajas, c. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, sąsajas, d. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų vaikų bendrų sunkumų sąsajas, e. tėvų saviveiksmingumo darbe bei tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, sąsajas su vaikų socialiu elgesiu, f. tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, tėvų pajamų ir tėvų išsilavinimo sąsajas su vaikų akademiniais pasiekimais, g. vaikų bendrų sunkumų ir vaikų socialaus elgesio sąsajas su vaikų akademiniais pasiekimais. Tyrimo instrumentai – Psichologinio nesaugumo darbe skalė, Tėvų pasitenkinimo darbu skalė, Tėvų saviveiksmingumo darbe skalė, Tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija skalė, Galių ir sunkumų klausimynas, Vaikų akademinių pasiekimų skalė. Apklausus 112 respondentų, tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad: a... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between parents’ qualitative and quantitative job insecurity, job satisfaction, work-related self-efficacy, expectations for children’s education and occupation and their children’s total difficulties, prosocial behaviour and academic achievement. This thesis aims to explore links between: a. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and job satisfaction, b. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and work-related self-efficacy, c. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and their expectations for children’s education and occupation, d. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and their children’s total difficulties, e. parents’ work-related self-efficacy, parents’ expectations for children’s education and occupation, and children’s prosocial behaviour, f. parents’ expectations for children’s education and occupation, parents’ income, parents’ education and children’s academic achievement, g. children’s total difficulties, children’s prosocial behaviour and children’s academic achievement. The research instruments used in the study were: Job Insecurity Scale, Parents’ Job Satisfaction Scale, Parents’ Work-related Self-efficacy Scale, Parents’ Expectations for Children’s Education and Occupation Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Children’s Academic Achievement Scale. 112 respondents (parents)... [to full text]

Studiens syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse kring varför attityder till arbetet inom revisionsyrket skiljer sig mellan människor i olika generationer, kön och livssituationer. Studien avser även att beskriva och förstå på vilket sätt dessa skillnader manifesterar sig. Tidigare forskning har bekräftat att revisionsbranschen är utsatt för en hög personalomsättning och svårigheter att få medarbetare att stanna inom yrket på lång sikt. Vidare menar tidigare forskning att arbetstagarens attityder till arbetet är avgörande för dennes arbetstillfredsställelse och därmed dennes val att stanna på arbetsplatsen. För att skapa en förståelse om hur revisionsfirmor kan skapa långsiktiga arbetsförhållanden med dess anställda, är det av vikt att förstå vilka attityder som existerar inom professionen samt hur attitydskillnader mellan människor med olika generation, kön och livssituation kan förstås.  Studien grundades i en kvalitativ metod där personliga intervjuer användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Totalt tio intervjuer genomfördes. Respondenterna bestod av tre revisionsassistenter, fyra auktoriserade revisorer och tre godkända revisorer. Studiens resultat indikerade att skillnader i attityder till arbetet mellan olika generationer och livssituationer främst kan förstås av olika värderingar. Vissa värderingar upplevdes vara konstanta under karriärens gång medan vissa kunde förändras över tid, till exempel när familjesituationen förändras eller när arbetsmarknaden förändrats efter Covid-19. Resultatet indikerade vidare att könstillhörigheten inte ansågs skapa attitydskillnader, däremot poängterades det att förutsättningarna för att lyckas inom branschen skiljde sig åt mellan könen. / The aim of the study is to generate a deeper understanding regarding why work attitudes in the auditing profession differ between people in different generations, gender, and life situations. The study also intends to describe and understand in what way these differences manifest themselves. Previous research has confirmed that the industry is exposed to high staff turnover and difficulties in keeping employees in the profession in the long run. Furthermore, previous research confirms that the employee's attitudes to work are decisive for his job satisfaction and thus his choice to stay in the workplace. To create an understanding of how audit firms can create long-term working relationships with their employees, it is important to understand the attitudes that exist within the profession and how differences in attitudes between people with different generations, gender and life situations can be understood. The study was conducted with a qualitative method where personal interviews were used as a data collection method. A total of ten interviews were conducted. The respondents consisted of three audit assistants, four certified accountants and three approved auditors. The results of the study indicated that differences in attitudes to work between different generations and life situations can mainly be explained by different values. Some values ​​were perceived to be constant during the course of their careers, while some could change over time, for example when the family situation changes or when the labor market changed after Covid-19. The results further indicated that gender did not seem to create differences in attitudes, however, it was pointed out that the conditions for success in the industry differed between the sexes.