Silos metálicos para armazenagem de diferentes tipos de produto são muito empregados no Brasil, isso faz com que compreender melhor o funcionamento deste tipo de sistemas estrutural possa levar a soluções mais inteligentes e econômicas. Com esse intuito no presente trabalho estudam-se as colunas de sustentação de um tipo de silo metálico para armazenagem de ração animal. Neste estudo as colunas foram analisadas seguindo as determinações da norma brasileira de dimensionamento de perfis conformados a frio e com modelos numéricos de diferentes níveis de complexidade. Primeiramente se estudou o perfil conformado a frio utilizado nas colunas dos silos através do método das faixas finitas e obtiveram-se as forças axiais de flambagem local e distorcional elástica. Estes valores foram utilizados no método da resistência direta para obtenção dos índices de esbeltez associados a estes modos de flambagem. Foram definidas as forças axiais de colapso, seguindo as metodologias da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010 (método das larguras efetivas, seção efetiva e resistência direta) para diversos comprimentos do perfil. Foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico para cálculo via método dos elementos finitos, considerando não linearidades materiais e geométricas e imperfeições geométricas iniciais. Os resultados obtidos através deste modelo numérico foram comparados com os obtidos através da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010. Após ajuste do modelo numérico se realizou um estudo paramétrico para conhecer a influência da rigidez de fixação, entre a coluna de sustentação e o corpo silo, na força de colapso do perfil. São aplicadas diversas condições de contorno com o objetivo de aproximar o modelo numérico das condições reais de fixação da coluna. Finalmente os resultados obtidos são utilizados para determinar a relação entre a força resistente do perfil e a força solicitante na coluna do silo segundo as condições usuais de segurança referentes aos estados-limites últimos determinados pela ABNT NBR 14762:2010. / Tubular steel silos for storage of different product types are widely used in Brazil. The knowledge of these structural systems can result to smarter and economic solutions. In this work is studied the structural columns of some bulk feed tanks with the national standard design code and numeric models with several complexity level. First were studied the cold-formed steel member used in the silo’s columns with the finite strip methods, and were obtained the elastic local/distorcional buckling axial forces. These values were used with the Direct Strength Method to find out slenderness ratios associated with these modes of buckling. The axial collapse forces were defined following the conception of standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010(using the methods of effective width, effective section and direct resistance) for several members’ lengths. A numeric model was development to calculate with finite elements method, considering materials and geometrics nonlinearities with initial geometric imperfections. The results obtained by this numeric model were compared with those obtained by the standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010. After the numeric model adjust, a parametric study was made to know the influences of the connection stiffness between the column and the silo’s cylindrical wall, in the member’s allowable axial strength. Several boundary conditions were applied with the main purpose to approximate the numeric model with the actual columns' end conditions. Finally the obtained results were used to determine the ration between the axial allowable strength and the required load on the silo’s columns by the usual safety conditions using the ultimate limit state determined by the ABNT NBR 14762:2010.

Silos metálicos para armazenagem de diferentes tipos de produto são muito empregados no Brasil, isso faz com que compreender melhor o funcionamento deste tipo de sistemas estrutural possa levar a soluções mais inteligentes e econômicas. Com esse intuito no presente trabalho estudam-se as colunas de sustentação de um tipo de silo metálico para armazenagem de ração animal. Neste estudo as colunas foram analisadas seguindo as determinações da norma brasileira de dimensionamento de perfis conformados a frio e com modelos numéricos de diferentes níveis de complexidade. Primeiramente se estudou o perfil conformado a frio utilizado nas colunas dos silos através do método das faixas finitas e obtiveram-se as forças axiais de flambagem local e distorcional elástica. Estes valores foram utilizados no método da resistência direta para obtenção dos índices de esbeltez associados a estes modos de flambagem. Foram definidas as forças axiais de colapso, seguindo as metodologias da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010 (método das larguras efetivas, seção efetiva e resistência direta) para diversos comprimentos do perfil. Foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico para cálculo via método dos elementos finitos, considerando não linearidades materiais e geométricas e imperfeições geométricas iniciais. Os resultados obtidos através deste modelo numérico foram comparados com os obtidos através da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010. Após ajuste do modelo numérico se realizou um estudo paramétrico para conhecer a influência da rigidez de fixação, entre a coluna de sustentação e o corpo silo, na força de colapso do perfil. São aplicadas diversas condições de contorno com o objetivo de aproximar o modelo numérico das condições reais de fixação da coluna. Finalmente os resultados obtidos são utilizados para determinar a relação entre a força resistente do perfil e a força solicitante na coluna do silo segundo as condições usuais de segurança referentes aos estados-limites últimos determinados pela ABNT NBR 14762:2010. / Tubular steel silos for storage of different product types are widely used in Brazil. The knowledge of these structural systems can result to smarter and economic solutions. In this work is studied the structural columns of some bulk feed tanks with the national standard design code and numeric models with several complexity level. First were studied the cold-formed steel member used in the silo’s columns with the finite strip methods, and were obtained the elastic local/distorcional buckling axial forces. These values were used with the Direct Strength Method to find out slenderness ratios associated with these modes of buckling. The axial collapse forces were defined following the conception of standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010(using the methods of effective width, effective section and direct resistance) for several members’ lengths. A numeric model was development to calculate with finite elements method, considering materials and geometrics nonlinearities with initial geometric imperfections. The results obtained by this numeric model were compared with those obtained by the standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010. After the numeric model adjust, a parametric study was made to know the influences of the connection stiffness between the column and the silo’s cylindrical wall, in the member’s allowable axial strength. Several boundary conditions were applied with the main purpose to approximate the numeric model with the actual columns' end conditions. Finally the obtained results were used to determine the ration between the axial allowable strength and the required load on the silo’s columns by the usual safety conditions using the ultimate limit state determined by the ABNT NBR 14762:2010.

Improved metacognitive thinking can impact student’s success. A novel homework method called Solved Problem Analysis (SPA) was developed with the intent to foster metacognitive thinking. It was hypothesized that supporting metacognition would lead to increased performance on in-class exams and the ACS final exam. Results showed SPA was effective at increasing performance on both. In order to more directly measure student’s metacognitive thinking, a knowledge survey was implemented to measure the difference between student’s perceived understanding of the material and their actual performance. These knowledge surveys showed students were able to predict how much of the material they understood. Monitoring one’s thinking is an important part of metacognition. This cognitive monitoring can be mimicked in study group interactions. The effect of self-assembled study groups on student exam performance was also examined, where it was found that self-assembled study groups did not effectively increase exam performance.

This thesis primarily addresses the implications of Fremont gaming pieces in the Parowan Valley. First, I review ethnographic gaming pieces and compare them to the Fremont worked bone pieces in order to support the idea that they were used by the Fremont in games similar to the ones recorded ethnographically. Then, I analyze a collection of Fremont gaming pieces from excavations at three Parowan Valley sites. I note drastic differences in the characteristics found on pieces inside the Parowan Valley and those form outside the Parowan Valley. It is also clear that gaming pieces are being produced in the Parowan Valley and used more frequently there when compared to outside of it. I suggest that this means large aggregations are taking place in the Parowan Valley in the late Fremont period.

Instant messaging with Internet-based software is a ubiquitous form of communication in industrialized nations. In fact, many educators are observing that students engage with instant messaging while simultaneously engaged in academic activity. Though this type of multitasking is pervasive, educational researchers have not examined how the practice of instant messaging impacts learning outcomes. This dissertation describes the background, empirical and theoretical foundations, methods and results of a study examining the impact of instant messaging activity on learning, where instant messaging and learning are simultaneous activities. The question posed is grounded in the related areas of instant messaging practices, the Generation M profile, Cognitive Load Theory, and integration of instant messaging in K-16 classrooms. This work presents empirical evidence pointing out the necessity of conducting empirical study regarding how instant messaging activity might impact learning. Quantitative methods used to conduct the study are presented including data collection instruments. The results of the study are discussed in broad terms related to Generation M and Cognitive Load Theory. Methodological limitations related to practice opportunities for the research sample as well as the performance measure used are detailed. In addition, implications of the results in relationship to those teaching members of Generation M in K-16 classrooms as well as those designing instruction for this population are discussed. The discussion concludes with recommendations for further research in this area.

Mathematics remains a subject many students fail to become competent in by the time they graduate from high school. Most students often require one on one, individualized tutoring to help them reach competence. That remains a challenge since most classrooms are understaffed and underfunded, frequently having only one teacher in a overpopulated classroom. One strategy that has been used to alleviate some of this over reliance on the teacher has been faded worked examples, or fading. Fading is the successive removal of the last steps in a series of problems until the student is solving problems completely on their own. The current study aimed to determine whether fading improves learning, and for whom. The goal was to compare fading with business as usual (control), worked examples with self-explanations, and fading with self-explanations. Specifically, I was interested in the following research questions: (1) Do the three experimental conditions differ in promoting posttest scores on surface area and volume? (2) Do the three experimental conditions differ in promoting conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge of surface area and volume at posttest? and (3) When interaction terms are created between student profiles and conditions within regression analyses, which profiles explain significant variance in posttest scores? Repeated measures analysis of variance, principle axis factor analysis, and simple linear regressions were used to examine the differences between conditions at posttest, to create propensity scores, and to determine whether there were any interactions between propensity scores and conditions. Results indicated a significant effect of fading on posttest scores. A regression with propensity factors indicated that the fading conditions appeared to benefit low propensity students moreso than high propensity students. Findings are discussed in terms of educational implications and future research that can complement these findings to contribute to future research. / Educational Psychology

No / In evaluating the resistance of sediment particles to entrainment by the action of the flow in a river, the grain geometry is usually characterized using representative sizes. This approach has been dictated, initially by lack of physical insight, but more recently by the lack of analytical tools able to describe the 3-D nature of surface grain organization on water-worked sediment beds. Laboratory experiments are presented where mixed grain size beds were mobilized under a range of hydraulic and sediment input conditions. Detailed bed topography was measured at various stages. Statistical tools have been adopted which describe the degree of surface organization on water-worked sediment bed surfaces. The degree of particle organization and the bed stability can be evaluated in relative terms using the properties of the probability density distribution of the bed surface elevations and in absolute terms using a properly defined 2-D structure function. The methods described can be applied directly to natural water-worked surfaces given the availability of appropriate bed surface elevation data sets.

Glass has been made and used for centuries but South African artists, isolated for the last three decades, are only now becoming aware of the potential of hot or warm glass as an art medium. In antiquity glass objects were created using various processes but the 'factory' tradition began with the discovery of the blowing iron in the first century AD. The invention of the tank furnace in the late 1950s revolutionised modem production, enabling individual artists to make glass in private studios without blowing teams. The research describes ancient.. glassmaking processes and indicates how they have been explored, adapted and used by contemporary artists world wide, challenging craft orientated paradigms, and proving that glass is a viable and important sculpture medium. The practical research demonstrates the application of many processes and relates technical issues to sculptural concepts which are realized through the physical and material properties of glass. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Fine Art)

Glass has been made and used for centuries but South African artists, isolated for the last three decades, are only now becoming aware of the potential of hot or warm glass as an art medium. In antiquity glass objects were created using various processes but the 'factory' tradition began with the discovery of the blowing iron in the first century AD. The invention of the tank furnace in the late 1950s revolutionised modem production, enabling individual artists to make glass in private studios without blowing teams. The research describes ancient.. glassmaking processes and indicates how they have been explored, adapted and used by contemporary artists world wide, challenging craft orientated paradigms, and proving that glass is a viable and important sculpture medium. The practical research demonstrates the application of many processes and relates technical issues to sculptural concepts which are realized through the physical and material properties of glass. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Fine Art)

This project is aimed at generating new knowledge and improving our understanding of how Modified for Language Support-Worked Example Pairs (MLS-WEPs) contribute to effective mathematics learning and teaching in an ESOL (English to Speakers of Other Languages) context. The current study investigated a novel instructional approach to help English Language Learners (ELLs) develop better understanding in mathematical reasoning, problem solving, and literacy skills (listening, reading, writing, and speaking) while they are still developing their English language proficiency. The current study followed a wait-list control design, with both the treatment and control groups receiving intervention materials. The intervention materials were administered multiple times with different topics (units) throughout the study. The lessons were audio-recorded when the selected topics were taught. Pretest and posttest were given each time when the selected topics were taught. The data analysis for this study included both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The present study revealed the following results: (1) MLS-WEPs not only enhanced ELLs’ ability to solve mathematical problems, but also improved their written explanation skills and enabled them to transfer such skills to different mathematical concepts; (2) when controlling ELLs’ prior knowledge, the effectiveness of the MLS-WEPs intervention did not vary by their English language proficiency; (3) the MLS-WEPs intervention materials facilitated teachers to provide ELLs with more opportunities to read, write, and speak in mathematics and enabled teachers to ask more and deeper questions. However, worked example comparisons did not appear to motivate the participant teachers to promote equitable participation in mathematics classrooms. These findings provide direct empirical support for the need to reform mathematics teaching and learning in the ESOL context. / Math & Science Education