Abstract This study is to discuss the topic of human resource management on the Volunteer Recruiting and Employ Project of the 2009 World Games Kaohsiung. By documentary analysis and synthesis it is about to find out the internal and external factors which influenced the operation procedure in the KOC organization, and to know the status of volunteer recruiting and volunteer management. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. At present most of the recruited volunteers are students with high academic degree, and there is only 60% of them with the English ability to communicate to people from different countries. 2. Among the national nonprofit sports organizations, Chinese Taipei University Sports Federation and Chinese Taipei School Sports Federation are suitable to be invited to participate in KOC. Among the national sports associations, it is worthy to invite the members of those associations to be the expert volunteer of KOC. Universities and the student¡¦s clubs are the main objects to be encouraged to join the volunteer group and general volunteer. 3. KOC should encourage people from different areas not only in Taiwan but also from overseas to take a part in the World Games. Inside of the KOC organization, it is needed to take more coordination and communication. And it is necessary to make the precise division of labor between KOC and Kaohsiung City Government. The recruiting of World Games Volunteer Group needs to be paid more attention to. 4. The discrepancy of statistics on the volunteer manpower demand is great different between the World Games Volunteer Recruiting and Employ Project(2004) and the statistics from each bureau of the Kaohsiung City Government in 2007. 5. KOC has the well-planned training and service programme for the volunteers. But the reemploy project following the ending of the World Games is needed to be raised as early as possible.

Hosting mega events such as athletics and international exposition can brought huge tour business opportunities for the city and also accelerated constructing a modern infrastructure, even promoted a city rank into international fine reputation. Kaohsiung City becomes a host city of world games 2009 luckily which giving the city another transmutes the chance of growth. Kaohsiung City has natural condition to develop sightseeing and tourism, but attaches importance to industry and fishery development as principle over a long period of times. Although the development of light heavy industry has been bringing much employment opportunities for Kaohsiung City, the lack is molding tourism environment, modernizing city construction, internationalization, development of tourism support facilities and city cultural, and haven't had organization and programming of the tourism. The research first reviewed references including the strategic plans used in other countries and then proposed the important factors of tourism development and mega events. Next, it based on the proposal and used Delphi Method to achieve the common consensus of tourism strategy among the government, tourism industries, and the experts in order to develop the complete tourism strategy suitable for Kaohsiung City. The results reveal that the improvement in highest demand for the tourism in Kaohsiung is to integrate the service facilities, transportation services, and marketing individually and to establish cooperative relationship among them. In addition, the related tourism service systems should be well-qualified, enriched, and internationalized. It is also a crucial issue for Kaohsiung city to increase the amounts of visitors for overnight stay. Kaohsiung city government should cooperate with other nearby cities to develop local tour packages for attracting international tourists effectively.

In addition to the increase of demand in global tourism, the incorporation of sports and recreation has become a new trend in tourism industry. Holding sports event not only can bring huge tourism earnings to the host city, but also build strong sense of pride and belongingness among local residents. Sport event possesses multiple influences on economical, social, cultural and physical environment. This research is implemented through documentary analysis, case study method, and content analysis method. Using The World Games 2009 Kaohsiung as case study, this research probes into the chanllenges that Kaohsiung City Government implements, the marketing strategies that it implements, along with the benefits that The World Games 2009 Kaohsiung brings to the host city based on the strategic place marketing theory. The research finds that holding international sports event can actually bring the city together, increase city awareness, drive capital development, and generate economic benefits. However, the investment for the international sports event is too huge that requires sustained observations on the longterm effects. Moreover, the host city should strengthen the unique features of the city more in order to differenciate from other cities when using marketing mix to promote the sports event.

Elden Ring, an open world game by From Software has used almost exclusively hiddenguidance systems to guide the players. This study provides insight on players’ experience ofplayer agency and freedom of choice. This is a pilot study into the subject of Elden Ring’ssuccess as an open world game while keeping visual guidance to the minimum. This researchwas conducted with a mixed methodology combining a quantitative survey for backgrounddata qualitative semi-structured interviews for further in-depth analysis. Data has shown thatall participants have experienced some form of player agency in Elden Ring, alongsideexperiencing different hidden guidance systems throughout different parts of the game. Thisstudy can be helpful for game developers and players alike to see how a successful openworld game guided players’ experience without using visual guidance. To conclude, based onthe data, it should be noted that the concept of agency is a construct that is decided by theplayer.

This master's thesis aims to investigate the narrative components inherent in open-world games. In this thesis, we will extract the narrative part of a game,analyze it, and compare the narrative part with other game design elements. The focus will be on the game "The Witcher III: The Wild Hunt," with specific portions of the game studied using AutoCAD and in-game playthroughs to extract data relating to narrative components such as items, characters, and locales. Data such as buildings, cities and objects referring to main-quest, sidequest, random interaction, cutscenes-storytelling, object interaction, and recurring characters are generated from the open-world game The Witcher III:The Wild Hunt using AutoCAD. Objects are used to mark narrative components during gameplay, and these elements will be exported into Excel for analysis using Tableau. The results of the research will be coupled with other parts of the level design. The collected data will be evaluated with Tableau, and a comparative study between the narrative part and the game-level design part has been conducted to uncover patterns and trends in the open-world game. This study investigates the narrative components found in the game world, examining their importance on various scales and their relationships with other game mechanics. According to the research, item interactions become more significant on the third floor and in larger cities, whereas cut scenes and narration are more common in big cities and on the first floor of buildings. The study also emphasizes the connection between main quests and side quests, indicating their strong relationship to the game's overarching story. The use of side missions, which frequently entail interacting with city objects, becomes increasingly important for encouraging player exploration. The study emphasizes the need for game designers to tailor their use of narrative components to the scale and context of each gaming setting, ultimately helping them to possibly create more immersive and engaging game worlds.

This thesis, as a case study, focuses on the perspective of foreign news reports on Taiwan’s first time hosting an international multi-sport event, the World Games 2009 in its biggest port city Kaohsiung. The World Games 2009 Kaohsiung, the significant Olympic type mega-event as to Taiwan, is applied as the approach to public diplomacy and soft power for the purpose of expanding Taiwan’s international space. It is expected to raise publicity and mass media exposure to boost Taiwan’s international profile and spur its tourism industry. From Taiwan’s image-marketing strategy, practices to foreign news reports, it outweighs to study foreign media’s reflection on Taiwan and the World Games 2009 as the important evaluation on the mega-event as a whole. This thesis attempts to answer two research questions: How was the World Games 2009 Kaohsiung reported by the foreign media? Did hosting the World Games improve Taiwan’s image? It presents the results and perspectives of foreign news reports by qualitative methods: case study and discourse analysis of online-English news reports and some quantitative methods applied on data. It combines news reports study with theory, model of public diplomacy, mega-event and expected-model. Within 101 pieces of online-English news found related to the World Games 2009, it unveils fruitful results such as the failure of interpreting the core story (Taiwan’s images and values) by foreign media during the sporting extravaganza, and it echoes Rivenburgh (2004)’s three viewpoints toward the Olympic type event (intercultural challenges, less news about host country’s culture and dramatic news). By the amount of news and the absence of foreign media on the press conference indicates that foreign media did not pay much attention to the World Games and Taiwan. In spite of reporting the sports and games, other major topics of reports were Taiwan’s hosting the event, the greenest solar-powered stadium designed by Japanese, Toyo Ito, Chu Chen’s promotion itinerary to Beijing and China’s absence on the opening and closing ceremony which triggered foreign media’s great concern.

The open world game The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015) has been proven to follow a 40 second rule when placing points of interest for players to explore. The developers of the game said in an interview that the rule existed, and this was proven by a study made in 2021 by Cojanu and Jaber (2021). The 40 second rule means that whichever direction the player goes in, they will encounter a point of interest within 40 seconds. This study asks the question if Genshin Impact (2020) is following the 40 second rule. The researchers analyzed footage from four YouTube content creators to see if the rule was implemented in the game. It was found that Genshin Impact (2020) follows the 40 second rule since the points of interest were about 10 seconds apart. How the player decides to play the game slightly impacts the frequency of the points of interest and could be taken into account when testing the 40 seconds rule. It was found that points of interest found were more random at the start of the game and more intentionally found by the player later in the game. / Öppen världs spelet The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015) har visat sig följa en 40 sekunders regel när det gäller placeringen av intressanta platser för spelare att utforska. Spelets utvecklare sa i en intervju att regeln fanns, och detta bevisades genom en studie utförd 2021 av Cojanu och Jaber (2021). Regeln innebär att oavsett vilken riktning spelaren går i så kommer de att stöta på en intressant plats inom 40 sekunder. Denna studie undersöker om Genshin Impact (2020) följer 40 sekunders regeln. Forskarna analyserade videomaterial från fyra YouTube innehållsskapare för att se om regeln implementerades i spelet. Det visades att Genshin Impact (2020) följer 40 sekunders regeln, eftersom de intressanta platserna låg ungefär 10 sekunder ifrån varandra. Hur spelaren väljer att spela spelet påverkar lite grann frekvensen av de intressanta platser och detta kan tas i beaktning när man testar 40 sekunders regeln. Det visade sig att de intressanta platserna var mer slumpmässiga i början av spelet och mer avsiktligt hittade av spelaren senare i spelet.