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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Secondary metabolites from Xylaria endophytes. The isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Xylaria endophytes by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Al-Busaidi, Harith N.K. January 2011 (has links)
Ministry of Higher Education; Sultanate of Oman / Digital full-text is unavailable. Submitted disc unusable.
12

Secondary metabolites from Xylariaceous fungi. The isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Xylariaceous fungi by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Alhaidari, Rwaida A.A. January 2012 (has links)
This thesis describes the isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites formed in static culture from a number of endophytic Xylariaceous fungi. Four Xylaria endophytes isolated from a palm tree in Thailand were surface cultured on an aqueous malt extract-glucose medium. They all produced cytochalasin D, coriloxin, (S)-mellein and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein as the main secondary metabolites suggesting that the four endophytes could be the same species. The endophytic fungus A116 produced cytochalasin D as the main secondary metabolite. Another non-endophytic fungus B315, produced cytochalasin D, (R)-mellein, a mixture of two isomers of 4-hydroxymellein and phloroglucinol. X.62, an endophytic fungus, produced 19,20-epoxycytochalasin C from the mycelium as the main secondary metabolite. The fungus Engleromyces sinensis produced engleromycin acetate as the main secondary metabolite. Fungus X. polymorpha produced (3E)-4-(3¿-acetyl-2¿,6¿-dihydroxy-5¿-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybut-3-enoic acid. / Ministry of Higher Education; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
13

Secondary Metabolites from Xylaria Endophytes: The isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Xylaria endophytes by chemical and spectroscopic methods

Al-Busaidi, Harith January 2011 (has links)
This thesis describes the isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from a number of endophytic Xylaria fungi. Six Xylaria endophytes were surface cultured on an aqueous malt extract-glucose medium. The fungus A311R, from a palm tree in Thailand, produced nonane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which was isolated for the first time as a natural product. Also isolated from the same fungus was spiculisporic acid; the first instance of isolation from a Xylaria fungus. The fungus 6RD12 produced cycloepoxydon, which was isolated for the first time from a Xylaria fungus, and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-propyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-l//-isochromen- 8(5//)-one, which is a novel compound. The fungi A217R and A517R produced cytochalasin D, (S)-mellein and (3S,4S)-4-hydroxymellein as main secondary metabolites suggesting that the two fungi are the same species. The fungus X04 (Xylaria cf. juruensis) produced 2-Hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien- 1,4-dione as a novel compound, coriloxin as the main secondary metabolite in addition to (R)-mellein and a mixture of two stereoisomers of the 4-Hydroxymellein. The fungus 6RD8 produced (S)-Omethylmellein as the main secondary metabolite. l
14

Enzymatic activity of Xylaria digitata ; and, The cultivation of Penicillium pinophilium in nutrient salt solutions / Cultivation of Penicillium pinophilium in nutrient salt solutions

Eheart, James F. January 1921 (has links)
Tests carried out to determine the enzymatic activity of the fungus Xylaria Digitata showed the presence of Diastase, Invertase, Cytase, Maltase, Emulsin and Erepsin. Oxidase, protease and Amidase were not found to be present. / Master of Science
15

Potencial fotoprotetor de extratos e substâncias isoladas de fungos endofíticos da alga marinha vermelha Bostrychia radicans e de algas originárias da Antártica / Photoprotective potential of extracts and isolated compounds from endophytic fungi of red marine alga Bostrychia radicans and algae originating from Antarctica

Tavares, Renata Spagolla Napoleão 14 April 2016 (has links)
A necessidade de proteger a pele contra os raios ultravioleta (UV) é imprescindível, tendo em vista os efeitos deletérios gerados pelos mesmos. Compostos convencionais com atividade fotoprotetora sofrem interações, instabilidade e em sua maioria protegem contra os raios UVB. Poucos compostos apresentam proteção contra os raios UVA. No ambiente marinho, como nas algas marinhas, adversidades do ambiente relacionadas, principalmente, a exposição solar, aumentam as defesas naturais contra os raios UV por meio da produção de metabólitos secundários que podem absorver/refletir os raios solares, ou agir como antioxidantes. Tais moléculas podem ser produzidas pelas próprias algas ou pelos fungos endofíticos associados a elas. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o potencial fotoprotetor de extratos, frações e substâncias isoladas dos fungos endofíticos Xylaria sp e Annulohypoxylon stygium, associados à alga vermelha Bostrychia radicans. Bem como de quatro espécies de algas da Antártica, Palmaria decipiens, Monostroma hariotii, Desmarestia anceps e a Gigartina skottsbergii. As algas da Antártica foram disponibilizadas pelo grupo do Prof. Dr. Pio Colepicolo Neto do IQ-USP e o cultivo dos fungos, a extração e o isolamento foram desenvolvidos em parceria com o Laboratório de Química Orgânica do Ambiente Marinho - NPPNS da FCFRP-USP. Os extratos e frações obtidos foram submetidos à análise dos espectros de absorção no UV e à fotodegradação. A seguir, os extratos e frações mais promissoras foram submetidos à avaliação da fototoxicidade em cultura de fibroblastos 3T3 para a determinação da viabilidade celular na presença e ausência da radiação, de acordo com o protocolo OECD TG 432. O fungo A. stygium apresentou frações com absorção no UVB, duas subfrações se mostraram não cito/fototóxicas e são provenientes de frações fotoestáveis. Destas subfrações, duas substâncias, ambas inéditas, foram isoladas e elucidadas por RMN H1, 1D, 2D, IV, ESI, e estas foram consideradas potenciais ativos para fotoproteção no UVB. O fungo Xylaria sp apresentou frações com absorção na região do UV, porém apenas uma, com absorção no UVB se mostrou fotoestável. Esta mesma fração foi considerada cito e fototóxica. Não foi possível identificar as duas substâncias isoladas pela baixa massa. Entretanto, um metabólito já isolado dessa linhagem anteriormente, o ácido gentísico, foi considerado não fototóxico, devendo ser melhor investigado quanto ao seu potencial como filtro biológico. Quanto às macroalgas antárticas, três espécies apresentaram absorção no UV. Apesar de a maioria dos extratos terem sido considerados fotoinstáveis, o extrato da alga D. anceps, de maior rendimento, apresentou frações com ampla absorção no UVA/VIS, no entanto elevada citotoxicidade. Desta fração foi isolada e identificada a fucoxantina (RMN H1 1D e 2D, ESI), um carotenoide marinho que apresentou potencial fototóxico no modelo monocamadas, mas não foi considerada citotóxica. Sendo assim, este pode ser considerado um promissor candidato a ativo cosmético, pelas suas propriedades antioxidantes e de filtro biológico, pois devido a sua alta massa molecular, 658.90 g/mol, pode-se inferir baixa permeação nas camadas viáveis da pele e ausência de fototoxicidade in vivo. Nesse sentido, novos estudos em modelo de pele 3D deverão ser realizados a fim de se comprovar a segurança de uso tópico da fucoxantina. As espécies também devem ser investigadas para outras atividades biológicas uma vez que este material pertence a uma região pouco estudada e estas podem apresentar potencial para os mais diversos empregos farmacológicos ou cosméticos. / The need to protect the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation is essential, due to the deleterious effects caused by them. Conventional UV-filters undergo chemical interactions, instability and mostly protect against UVB rays. Few compounds have protection against UVA rays. In the marine environment, especially in marine algae, adversities, mainly related to sun exposure, increases the natural defenses against UV radiation through the production of secondary metabolites that can absorb/reflect the UV radiation, or even act as antioxidants. Such molecules may be produced by algae themselves or by the endophytic fungi associated with them. The present study aims to investigate the potential of new sunscreen extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from endophytic fungi Xylaria sp and Annulohypoxylon stygium, associated with red algae Bostrychia radicans, and four species of algae from Antarctica: Palmaria decipiens, Monostroma hariotii, Desmarestia anceps and Gigartina skottsbergii. The algae material from Antarctica were given by the group of Prof. Dr. Pio Colepicolo Neto, IQ-USP, and the fungi cultivation, extractions and the compounds isolation were obtained in partnership with the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of the Marine Environment - NPPNS of FCFRP-USP. The extracts and fractions obtained were submitted to analysis of the absorption spectra in the UV and to photodegradation. After that, the most promising extracts and fractions were submitted to the assessment of phototoxicity in 3T3 fibroblasts in culture for determination of cell viability in the presence and absence of radiation, in accordance with the OECD TG 432 protocol. The fungus A. stygium showed fractions with UVB absorption, from there were isolated two novel compounds and had the structure elucidated (RMN H1 1D/2D; IV; ESI). These compounds were considered potential ingredients for photoprotection on the UVB range. The fungus Xylaria sp. showed fractions with absorption on the UV, but only one of them, with UVB absorption, was considered photostable. The same fraction was also considered cyto/ phototoxic. It was not possible identify two of the compounds isolated due its low weight. Therefore, the gentisic acid, a metabolite already isolated from this fungus, was not considered phototoxic, what suggests that it should be better investigated as a potential biological UV filter. Regarding the seaweeds, three species have shown absorption in UV region. Most of the extracts were considered photounstable, but the D. anceps extract, of highest yield, showed fractions with large UVA/VIS absorption, but higher cytotoxic potential. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, was isolated from this fraction and identified by NMR H1 1D/2D, ESI. This compound showed phototoxic potential in a monolayer model, but it was not considered cytotoxic. Therefore, fucoxanthin is a promising candidate to a cosmetic ingredient, once it has antioxidant and biological UV filter properties and its high molecular weight, 658.90 g/mol, suggests low skin permeation into viable epidermis and absence of in vivo phototoxicity. Thus, more studies using 3D skin model should be performed in order to prove the safety of the fucoxanthin topical use. The species should be also investigated for other biological activities once this material belongs to a poorly studied region and can show potential for many of the pharmacological/cosmetics activities.
16

Secondary metabolites from Xylariaceous fungi : the isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Xylariaceous fungi by chemical and spectroscopic methods

Alhaidari, Rwaida Adel January 2012 (has links)
This thesis describes the isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites formed in static culture from a number of endophytic Xylariaceous fungi. Four Xylaria endophytes isolated from a palm tree in Thailand were surface cultured on an aqueous malt extract-glucose medium. They all produced cytochalasin D, coriloxin, (S)-mellein and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein as the main secondary metabolites suggesting that the four endophytes could be the same species. The endophytic fungus A116 produced cytochalasin D as the main secondary metabolite. Another non-endophytic fungus B315, produced cytochalasin D, (R)-mellein, a mixture of two isomers of 4-hydroxymellein and phloroglucinol. X.62, an endophytic fungus, produced 19,20-epoxycytochalasin C from the mycelium as the main secondary metabolite. The fungus Engleromyces sinensis produced engleromycin acetate as the main secondary metabolite. Fungus X. polymorpha produced (3E)-4-(3'-acetyl-2',6'-dihydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybut-3-enoic acid.
17

Exploração racional da rede metabólica de Xylaria sp. visando à produção de metabólitos de interesse farmacológico através de ferramentas quimiométricas e técnicas de desreplicação / Rational exploitation of the network of metabolic Xylaria sp. aimed at interest metabolites production pharmacologic through chemometric tools and techniques dereplication

Vieira, Rafael [UNESP] 16 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Rafael Vieira (vieira.rafa1986@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T18:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao final rafael.pdf: 11211535 bytes, checksum: e982b9dd12cb7bf43a451db3f5e30076 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-06T19:24:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_r_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1125273 bytes, checksum: 201f41df3c870e0118ce7d37d6eca396 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-06T19:24:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_r_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1125273 bytes, checksum: 201f41df3c870e0118ce7d37d6eca396 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho de mestrado tem, como foco principal, analisar o comportamento do fungo Xylaria sp. perante variações físico-químicas, através da abordagem OSMAC (One Strain, Many Compounds). Para realizar tais induções e explorar a variabilidade da rede metabólica deste micro-organismo, um planejamento fatorial foi desenhado visando induzir a variabilidade (ou a potencialização) de metabólitos. Diante de respaldos quimiométricos, induções planejadas foram impostas ao micro-organismo e observou-se variações no perfil químico nos extratos brutos. Somado a isso, técnicas de desreplicação foram usadas a fim de estudar quimicamente as matrizes complexas produzidas por este fungo visando a produção de metabólitos de alto valor agregado e determinou-se condições específicas para produção de moléculas de citocalasina D e de griseofulvina. / This work has as its main focus, analyze the behavior of the fungus Xylaria sp. before physicochemical variations via the OSMAC approach (One Strain, Compounds Many). To achieve such induction and exploit the variability of the metabolic network of this micro-organism, a factorial design was designed to induce variability (or potentiating) metabolites. Before chemometric backrests, planned inductions were imposed on the micro-organism and it was observed variations in the chemical profile in crude extracts. Added to this, dereplication techniques were used to study the chemically complex matrices produced by this fungus aimed at producing high added value and metabolites was determined specific conditions for the production of molecules cytochalasin D and griseofulvin.
18

Estudo das atividades antimicrobianas dos extratos dos fungos Moniliophthora perniciosa, Phytophthora palmivora, Trichoderma stromaticum e Xylaria spp., e estudo químico de exemplares de Xylaria spp.

Guedes, Vanessa Rodrigues January 2011 (has links)
274f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-03T15:45:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vanessa R Guedes.pdf: 23534749 bytes, checksum: df0c04b0207f9bf62a0952e36a12f3f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-23T16:58:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vanessa R Guedes.pdf: 23534749 bytes, checksum: df0c04b0207f9bf62a0952e36a12f3f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T16:58:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vanessa R Guedes.pdf: 23534749 bytes, checksum: df0c04b0207f9bf62a0952e36a12f3f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / FAPESB e CNPQ / Este trabalho descreve o estudo da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos e frações obtidos de duas espécies patogênicas ao cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.): Moniliophthora perniciosa (vassoura-de-bruxa) e Phytophthora palmivora (podridão parda), além de três espécies antagonistas ao fungo M. perniciosa, sendo elas: Trichoderma stromaticum e dois isolados não identificados pertencentes ao gênero Xylaria que foram nomeadas como Xylaria sp1 e Xylaria sp2. Os extratos e frações estudados foram obtidos a partir do cultivo destas espécies em diferentes meios: líquidos (batata-dextrose, cenoura-dextrose, malte a 2% e Czapek) e sólido (arroz). Neste trabalho, também foi traçado o perfil dos extratos e frações dos fungos na produção de metabólitos secundários, através dos deslocamentos químicos apresentados nos espectros de RMN de 1H e, ainda, foi verificado qual deles se mostrou mais promissor na produção de diferentes metabólitos quando cultivado em diversos meios. Dos extratos em acetato de etila (batata-dextrose) e em metanol (arroz) do fungo Xylaria sp1 foram feitos isolamento, identificação e/ou determinação estrutural de sete metabólitos, através de fracionamentos cromatográficos, utilizando sílica gel e sephadex LH-20 como fase estacionária, e misturas de solventes orgânicos como fase móvel. Desta forma, foram isolados os esteróides: peróxido de ergosterol e ergosterol; dois derivados piridínicos: 3-piridina metanol, o qual seus dados de RMN de 1H e 13C estão sendo relatados pela primeira vez, e o 3-piridina etanol, inédito como produto de origem natural, além de três novos metabólitos secundários, sendo duas lactonas e um ácido carboxílico. As substâncias foram identificadas através das análises de seus espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais, por espectrometria de massas e por espectrometria no infravermelho. / Salvador
19

Fungos endofíticos em Eugenia brasiliensis: prospecção química, biológica, enzimática e avaliação do co-cultivo e epigenética em Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp. / Endophytic fungi in Eugenia brasiliensis: chemical, biological and enzymatic prospection, evaluation of co-culture and epigenetics in Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp.

Biasetto, Carolina Rabal [UNESP] 27 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Carolina Rabal Biasetto null (carolinarabal@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-18T19:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Doutorado_Carolina_Rabal_Biasetto_2016.pdf: 15348096 bytes, checksum: 59245cf961f6aaf1a999156f53853b5d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-20T18:01:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biasetto_cr_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1896284 bytes, checksum: 8b4dcb25761fe239f657abc24e10c1e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biasetto_cr_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1896284 bytes, checksum: 8b4dcb25761fe239f657abc24e10c1e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A capacidade biossintética dos fungos endofíticos, aliado aos estudos químico e biológicos relatados para Eugenia brasiliensis, motivou a idealização do projeto, a prospecção química, biológica e enzimática em fungos endofíticos associados a folhas, caules e frutos saudáveis de Eugenia brasiliensis e a avaliação do co-cultivo e epigenética em Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp., na obtenção de novas substâncias. O isolamento dos fungos endofíticos, resultou em dezessete linhagens de fungos endofíticos, sendo estes cultivados em escala reduzida em meio líquido de batata e dextrose (PDB) e Czapek, a 25 oC, sob modo estático para obtenção dos respectivos extratos brutos em AcOEt. A avaliação metabólica destes extratos foi realizada por CCDC, HPLC-DAD e RMN de 1H, como também a potencialidade enzimática e biológica pela avaliação das atividades antifúngica, anticolinesterásica e citotóxica, sendo que estes extratos demonstraram ser promissores. A prospecção inicial conduziu a seleção de três fungos endofíticos identificados como Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4), e Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_frmH_1), os quais foram cultivados (escala ampliada) em PDB para isolamento e determinação/elucidação estrutural dos metabólitos secundários. O estudo de Xylaria cubensis, resultou no isolamento de 8 substâncias, sendo da classe dos nucleosídeos, dicetopirazinas, isocumarinas e citocalasinas. De Diaporthe sp. foi isolado e identificado 8 substâncias: duas dicetopiperazinas, ácido nitropropiônico, uracila, tirosol, zygosporina D, pirrolidona (inédita) e alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resultou no isolamento de 6 substâncias, sendo três dicetopiperazinas, além das substâncias N-(2-feniletil)acetamida, N-acetiltriptamina e metanoato de 2-hidroxibutila 3-indol (inédita). Todas as classes de substâncias produzidas por estes fungos endofíticos apresentam diversas atividades biológicas relatadas na literatura. Destaca-se a atividade fitotóxica da citocalasina D frente a coleóptilos de trigo superior ao herbicida comercial GOAL®. Para verificar a influência na produção metabólica de Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp., utilizou-se estratégias como o co-cultivo em meio sólido (PDA) e líquido (PDB) e a epigenética (escala reduzida), nas quais os endófitos mostraram produção metabólica diferente em relação à produção das monoculturas e na ausência do modulador epigenético ácido hidroxâmico suberoilanilida (SAHA), respectivamente. As ferramentas estatísticas, como PCA (Análise de componentes principais) e PLS-DA (Análise discriminante com calibração multivariada por mínimos quadrados parciais) permitiram uma rápida identificação e localização dos perfis metabólicos dos co-cultivos comparados às monoculturas. Estes dados contribuem para o conhecimento dos perfis metabólicos, biológicos e enzimáticos dos fungos endofíticos isolados de Eugenia brasiliensis, bem como suas interações com o hospedeiro. / The biosynthetic capacity of endophytic fungi, allied chemical and biological studies reported to Eugenia brasiliensis motivated the idealization of the project, prospection chemical, biological and enzymatic in endophytic fungi associated with healthy leaves, stems and fruits from Eugenia brasiliensis and evaluation co-culture and epigenetic in Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp., in obtaining new substances. The isolation of endophytic fungi resulted in seventeen endophytics fungi, these being cultivated in small scale on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Czapek at 25 °C under static mode to obtain the corresponding crude extracts in AcOEt. The metabolic evaluation of these extracts was performed by CCDC, HPLC-DAD and 1H NMR, also enzymatic and biological potential were performed by antifungal, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities, and these extracts have shown promise. The preliminary prospection led to the selection of three endophytic fungi identified as Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4) and Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_frmad_1) which were cultivated (larger scale) in PDB for isolation and determination or structural elucidation of secondary metabolites. The study of Xylaria cubensis resulted in the isolation of eight substances, as follows: nucleoside, diketopiperazines, isocoumarins and cytochalasins class. From Diaporthe sp. was isolated and identified eight substances, as follows: two diketopiperazines, nitropropionic acid, uracil, tyrosol, zygosporin D, pyrrolidone (unpublished) and alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resulted in the isolation of six substances, three diketopiperazines, besides the substances N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide, Nβ-acetyltryptamine and 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl-1H-indol-3-ylacetate (unpublished). All classes of substances produced by these endophytic fungi present several biological activities reported in the literature. Noteworthy is the phytotoxic activity of cytochalasin D against wheat coleoptile higher than commercial herbicide GOAL®. To verify the influence on the metabolic production of Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp., used strategies such as the co-culture on solid (PDA) and liquid medium (PDB) and epigenetic (small scale), in which endophytes showed an interesting and different metabolic production when compared with the production of monocultures and the absence of epigenetic modulator SAHA, respectively. The statistical tools, such as PCA (Principal component analysis) and PLS-DA (discriminant analysis with multivariate calibration partial least squares) allowed quick identification and location of the metabolic profiles of the co-culture compared monocultures. These data will contribute to the knowledge of the metabolic profiles, biological and enzymatic of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia brasiliensis and their interactions with host. / CNPq: 140980/2012-1
20

Metagenomic analysis of root-associated microbiome of healthy and Taproot Decline-affected soybeans and identification of healthy soybean root endophytes with protective activity against the causal agent, Xylaria necrophora

Wesser, Uyen 09 December 2022 (has links) (PDF)
Plant roots are associated with a diverse microbial community of bacteria and fungi. The root microbiome communities associate with the root surface or penetrate the superficial layers of root tissues. It is of high agronomic interest to characterize root microbiomes and identify microbes with beneficial effects on plant defense against pathogens. Soybean taproot decline (TRD) is an emerging soil-borne disease caused by a fungus classified as Xylaria necrophora, challenging to control and with devastating effects on yield. Our group has initiated a study of the soybean root microbiome with three primary experiments: (I) perform a comparative study of root microbiomes and mycobiomes from healthy and TRD-affected soybean, (II) isolate, screen and (III) identify soybean root bacterial endophytes with anti-X. necrophora and anti-TRD properties. Our long-term objective is to discover and implement microbiome-based management techniques that enhance the health and yield of soybeans.

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