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1	Yield and quality response of tomato and hot pepper to pruning Ghebremariam, Tsedal Tseggai 08 February 2006 (has links) The effect of source-sink relationships on the performance of tomato and hot pepper was investigated in glasshouse experiments by pruning tomato trusses and hot pepper fruit from plants trained to a single stem. The objectives were to characterize the effect of time, method and intensity of pruning on the yield and quality of tomato and hot pepper. Pruning at anthesis as compared to pruning at fruit-set had little effect on yield and fruit quality of both crops. Yield per truss increased steadily with intensity of pruning in tomato, due to increase in fruit size and fruit number per truss. Thus, total yield was not affected by pruning. In hot pepper fruit size increased with intensity of pruning but total yield was significantly reduced and total plant dry mass depressed at higher source : sink ratios (two and three fruit pruned out of a total of six). Occurrence of fruit disorders such as blossom-end rot and fruit cracking increased with increasing source: sink ratio. Pruning of one truss in tomato and one fruit in hot pepper gave the best fruit quality in terms of fruit size, pericarp thickness and freedom from defects, without decreasing total and marketable yield. Removing a middle truss of tomato (third truss) gave the highest yield as compared to removing the youngest truss (sixth truss) or the oldest truss (first truss). The yield increase (relative to the control) in the remaining individual trusses tended to decrease with increasing distance of the trusses from the pruned truss. In hot pepper removal of the youngest fruit (sixth fruit) resulted in the highest yield in comparison to removal of the middle fruit (third fruit) and the oldest fruit (first fruit). The quantity of yield increase in the remaining individual fruits had no consistent trend regarding the relative distance of the fruits from the pruned fruit. Two pruning methods were tried on hot pepper and tomato to compare yield and fruit quality. The first method involved pruning of the first three consecutive trusses of tomato and the first three consecutive fruit of hot pepper out of a total of six. The second method involved pruning of three alternating tomato trusses or hot pepper fruit. Yield and yield components did not differ significantly for the two methods, but pruning alternate trusses of tomato and fruit of hot pepper reduced occurrence of fruit disorders. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Agronomy)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted Pruning Fruit quality Yield and yield components Hot pepper Tomato UCTD
2	Componentes do balanço de água e de radiação solar no desenvolvimento do milho em quatro épocas de semeadura no agreste de Alagoas / Components of water balance and solar radiation related to development of corn in four planting dates in the agreste region of Alagoas Medeiros, Rui Palmeira 26 June 2009 (has links) Fatores ambientais são determinantes nos processos fisiológicos das plantas de milho, no acúmulo de matéria seca e no rendimento da cultura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as interações entre as variáveis ambientais com o crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho (Zea mays L.) em quatro épocas de semeaduras, com destaque para a eficiência no uso da radiação e da água. Para tanto, um experimento de campo foi conduzido na região de Arapiraca, (09º48 55,1 S, 36º36 22,8 W e altitude de 236 m), Alagoas Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido, durante a estação chuvosa, de maio a outubro de 2008 com quatro épocas de semeadura. A primeira época de semeadura (T1) ocoreu no dia 06 de maio, a segunda (T2) no dia 19 de maio, a terceira no dia 10 de junho e a quarta no dia 30 de junho de 2008, utilizando a variedade Al Bandeirante. Os elementos meteorológicos foram medidos através de sensores, instalados na estação meteorológica localizada na área contígua ao experimento e os dados de umidade do solo foram capturados através de sensores, utilizando a reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR), coletadas durante a estação de crescimento da cultura. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e a evapotranspiração real (ETr) foram estimadas pela metodologia definida no Boletim FAO-56. A análise das interações agrometeorológicas do milho mostraram que a taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC) em g m-2 dia-1, o índice de área foliar (IAF) no estádio fenológico de grãos farináceos (R4) e a produtividade de grãos foram menores na última época de semeadura (T4), quando comparadas às demais épocas (T1, T2 e T3). Já os valores da área foliar específica (AFE) não apresentaram diferenças entre si, para as quatro épocas de semeadura. A evapotranspiração real (ETr) variou de 356 mm, na primeira época de semeadura (T1) a 229,6 mm na última época (T4), enquanto a eficiência no uso da água (EUA) esteve no intervalo de 4,28 kg m-3 na terceira época (T3) a 3,76 kg m-3 de matéria seca, na quarta época de semeadura (T4). Na primeira época de semeadura (T1), verificou-se uma eficiência no uso da radiação (EUR) de 4,61 g de massa seca por MJ m-2 de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa absorvida (RFAabs), enquanto a quarta época (T4), contabilizou 2,98 g de massa seca por MJ m-2 de RFAabs, sendo 35,4% menor que T1. Diante das observações conclui-se que a menor produtividade foi verificada no tratamento T4, decorrente das modificações morfofisiológicas, ocorridas nas plantas de milho, causadas pelas alterações ambientais. Maize Radiation use efficiency Evapotraspiration Water use efficiency Yield and yield components Milho Eficiência no uso da radiação Evapotranspiração Eficiência no uso da água CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
3	Irrigation systems Mohamed, Nahla Abdel-Fattah Hemdan 04 June 2014 (has links) In der Wintersaison 2005-2006 wurde ein Split-Split Plot-Design Feldversuch mit drei Wiederholungen für jede Behandlung von Kartoffeln, als Indikatorpflanze, unter den ariden Bedingungen der Kharga Oasis in der Westlichen Wüste von Ägypten durchgeführt. Drei Bewässerungslevel (100 %, 80 %, und 60 % of ETc) mit Tröpfchenbewässerung, zwei Mulchvarianten (Zuckerrübenabfall ohne und mit 24 ton ha-1) und 4 Kompostraten (0, 12, 24, und 36 ton ha-1) wurden getestet. Generell und als Ergebnis einer Regressionsanalyse der Versuchsvarianten ohne Kompost war die beste Variante die Tröpfchenbewässerung bei 80% ETc unabhängig ob gemulcht oder nicht gemulcht wurde. Andererseits die Variante mit 36 t Kompost und mit 24 t Mulch ergab die besten Ergebnisse bei 60% of ETc sowohl beim Ertrag und den Ertragskomponenten, bei den hydrophysikalischen Eigenschaften, bei der Bodenwasserretention, beim Wasserverbrauch, bei den Pflanzenkoeffizienten, der Wassernutzungseffizienz, der Düngernutzungseffizienz sowie beim Nettogewinn. Wird die Rate der Kompostgabe aber auf 24 ton ha-1 reduziert, die höchsten Nettogewinne bei der lokalen Vermarktung als auch signifikant beim Kartoffelexport werden erreicht. / Under the arid condition of Kharga Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt, split-split plot design field experiment with three replications for each treatment using potato as an indicator plant was carried out during the winter season 2005-2006. Three irrigation levels of water regime (100 %, 80 %, and 60 % of ETc) using drip irrigation system, two treatments of soil covering (sugar cane wastes at the rate of 0 and 24 ton /ha) and compost rates (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha-1) were tested. In general and as a result of the triple interaction among the studied treatments, using drip irrigation either with soil mulching or not, 80 % of ETc as a water regime was the best. On the other hand, reducing drip irrigation water level at 60% of ETc in mulched soil that was treated with 36 ton ha-1 of compost recorded the highest values yield and yield components, soil hydrophysical properties, soil water retention, water consumption, crop coefficients, water economy water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, net profit. But reducing the compost rate to 24 ton ha-1 attained the highest net profit for local potato consumption and achieved the best significant net profit for exportation. Ägypten Feldversuch Wasserregime Technologien der Tröpfchenbewässerung Bodenmulchen Kompost Wachstumsparameter von Kartoffeln Ertrag und Ertragskomponenten Hydrophysikalische Bodenparameter Bodenwasserretention Wasserverbrauch Pflanzenkoeffizienten Wasserökonomie Effizienz des Wasserverbrauchs Düngerverbrauchseffizienz Nettoeinkommen Kartoffelexport compost Egypt Field experiment Water regime drip irrigation technology soil mulching growth parameters of potato yield and yield components soil hydrophysical properties soil water retention water consumption crop coefficients water economy water use efficiency fertilizer use efficiency net profit potato export 630 Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin 39 Landwirtschaft, Garten ZD 65200 ZD 74400 ddc:630

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