Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Fluent performance has been described as the retention, endurance, stability, and application of the material learned. Fluent performers not only respond quickly during training, they also make many correct responses during training. The current study used a within-subject design to analyze the effects of increased response rates on Retention, Endurance, Stability, and Application tests. Number of correct responses and number of unprompted, correct responses in error correction procedures were yoked for individual participants across an Accuracy-plus-Rate training condition and an Accuracy-Only training condition. One participant scored better in tests that followed the Accuracy-Only condition. One participant showed results that slightly favor the Accuracy-plus-Rate training condition. The two participants whose response rates were successfully reduced in the Accuracy-Only condition performed better on all tests that followed the Accuracy-plus-Rate condition.

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This study deals with problems of the unequally yoked marriage partners (a couple where one is a Christian and the other not). The practical theological model of Zerfass was followed by establishing a basis-, a meta- and a practice theory. The basis theoretical perspective shows that God forbade mixed marriages in the Old Testament due to the danger that His people could be lured into heathen practices. In the New Testament, Paul warns Christians not to many unbelievers. Unequally yoked marriages happened when one of the partners got converted after the marriage. Paul's advice to believers is that divorce is permissible, but the decision lies exclusively with the unbeliever. If the unbeliever wants to leave, the believer must let him/her go. Peter's advice to the believing wife is that she must submit to her unbelieving husband and not say a word, as he may be won over for Christ through her deferential behaviour. From the metatheoretical perspective, the literature consulted shows that religious commitment and homogamy have a positive effect on marriages. Believers in unequally yoked marriages revealed in the empirical study the problems they experience and how they cope. A relatively fulfilled marriage is possible. Pastors consulted in the empirical study want to help couples to accept each other and to learn to live with their differences. The pastors focused mostly on the believer's relationship with God. Guidelines for a possible model which pastors can follow in their pastoral guidance of the unequally yoked couple are given and focus primarily on the believing partner. Prayer and Scripture are fundamental in the pastoral guidance. / Thesis (M.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This study deals with problems of the unequally yoked marriage partners (a couple where one is a Christian and the other not). The practical theological model of Zerfass was followed by establishing a basis-, a meta- and a practice theory. The basis theoretical perspective shows that God forbade mixed marriages in the Old Testament due to the danger that His people could be lured into heathen practices. In the New Testament, Paul warns Christians not to many unbelievers. Unequally yoked marriages happened when one of the partners got converted after the marriage. Paul's advice to believers is that divorce is permissible, but the decision lies exclusively with the unbeliever. If the unbeliever wants to leave, the believer must let him/her go. Peter's advice to the believing wife is that she must submit to her unbelieving husband and not say a word, as he may be won over for Christ through her deferential behaviour. From the metatheoretical perspective, the literature consulted shows that religious commitment and homogamy have a positive effect on marriages. Believers in unequally yoked marriages revealed in the empirical study the problems they experience and how they cope. A relatively fulfilled marriage is possible. Pastors consulted in the empirical study want to help couples to accept each other and to learn to live with their differences. The pastors focused mostly on the believer's relationship with God. Guidelines for a possible model which pastors can follow in their pastoral guidance of the unequally yoked couple are given and focus primarily on the believing partner. Prayer and Scripture are fundamental in the pastoral guidance. / Thesis (M.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

It is well known that the optical properties of multi-level atomic and molecular system can be controlled and manipulated efficiently using quantum coherence and interference, which has led to many new effects in quantum optics for e.g. lasing action without population inversion, ultraslow light, high resolution nonlinear spectroscopy etc. Recent experimental and theoretical studies have also provided support for the hypothesis that biological systems uses quantum coherence. Nearly perfect excitation energy transfer in photosynthesis is an excellent example of this. In this dissertation we studied quantum coherence and interference effects in the transient and the continuous-wave regimes. This study led to (i) the first experimental demonstration of carrier-envelope phase effects on bound-bound atomic excitation in multi-cycle regime (~15 cycles), (ii) a unique possibility for standoff detection of trace gases using their rotational and vibrational spectroscopic signals and from herein called Coherent Raman Umklappscattering, (iii) several possibilities for frequency up-conversion and generation of short-wavelength radiation using quantum coherence (iv) the measurement of spontaneous emission noise intensity in Yoked-superfluorescence scheme. Applications of the obtained results are development of XUV (X-Ray) lasers, con- trolled superfluorescent (superradiant) emission, carrier-envelope phase effects, coherent Raman scattering in the backward direction, enhancement of efficiency for generating radiation in XUV and X-Ray regime using quantum coherence with and without population inversion and to extend XUV and X-Ray lasing to ~4.023 nm in Helium-like carbon.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Marques Caldeira.pdf: 5371979 bytes, checksum: 99ae97b8b6e3f3bd621aa5c6536fc650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20 / Behavioral variability is an operant dimension of behavior and, as like other dimensions, can be directly reinforced. Researches with animals have demonstrated that a history involving reinforcement of variability helps in the acquisition of new responses. The goal of the present work was to verify if direct reinforcement of variability can help human participants to acquire a response with low initial probability of occurrence and verify if conditions which involve different response cost have influence on produced variability. Eighteen adults were participants and they had to press two keys (on two keyboards, placed side by side) to produce a sequence of four responses. Six groups were made and they could vary the distance of the keyboards (distant or close), the conditions to which the participants were exposed to, and the order of exposition to the experimental conditions. The Var condition involved two contingencies operating concurrently: 1) completing sequences that reached the variability criterion established (on a schedule that consider the weighted relative frequency of a response called RDF), and 2) completing a specific target sequence on a VR2 schedule. The Aco condition also involved two contingencies operating concurrently: 1) completing sequences without being required to vary, but with availability of reinforcement according to the availability of reinforcement obtained in Var, and 2) completing a specific target sequence on a VR2 schedule. Control condition involved only one condition: completing a specific target sequence on a VR2 schedule. The results were analyzed according to the distribution of the responses within all the possible sequences and the evenness of this distribution, and also in relation to the U value. The results point that the contingency that required variability was effective in producing higher variability of responses compared to the variability observed in baseline. Nevertheless, the majority of participants that learned to complete the target sequence were from the groups of control condition. Furthermore, the different distances between the keyboards did not produce differences in response variability among the groups. The results presented on this work do not corroborate the results found on the literature in relation to the participants that were not exposed to direct reinforcement of variability learn the target sequence more frequently / A variabilidade comportamental é uma dimensão operante do comportamento e, assim como outras dimensões, é passível de ser diretamente reforçada. Estudos realizados com animais demonstraram que uma história envolvendo reforçamento de variabilidade ajuda na aquisição de novas respostas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o reforçamento direto da variabilidade pode ajudar participantes humanos a adquirir uma resposta com baixa probabilidade inicial de ocorrência e, também, verificar se condições que envolvem diferentes custos de respostas têm influência na variabilidade produzida. Dezoito adultos foram participantes e eles tinham que pressionar duas teclas (em teclados diferentes, colocados um ao lado do outro) para produzir uma seqüência de quatro respostas. Foram formados seis grupos, que poderiam variar com relação à distância entre os teclados (distantes ou próximos), às condições a que os participantes foram expostos e à ordem de exposição às condições. A condição Var envolvia duas contingências operando concorrentemente: 1) completar seqüências que atingissem o critério de variabilidade estabelecido (em esquema RDF), e 2) completar uma seqüência alvo específica em um esquema de VR2. A condição Aco também envolvia duas contingências operando concorrentemente: 1) completar seqüências sem exigência de variabilidade, mas com a liberação do reforço acoplada à liberação do reforço obtida na condição Var, e 2) completar uma seqüência alvo específica em um esquema de VR2. A condição controle envolvia apenas uma contingência: completar a seqüência alvo específica em um esquema de VR2. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com a distribuição das respostas entre todas as seqüências possíveis e a uniformidade desta distribuição e, também, com relação ao índice U. Pôde-se observar pelos resultados que a contingência RDF foi eficaz para produzir maior variação de respostas em comparação com a variabilidade observada na linha de base. Entretanto, a maioria dos participantes que aprenderam a completar a seqüência alvo era dos grupos da condição controle, a qual também produziu variabilidade de respostas. Além disso, as diferentes distâncias entre os teclados não produziram diferenças na variabilidade de respostas entre os grupos. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho não corroboram os dados encontrados na literatura com relação à aprendizagem da seqüência alvo em maior número pelos participantes que não passaram pelo reforçamento direto da variabilidade

In recent years, attempts to simplify the grammatical mechanisms used in syntax have led to proposals to reduce the relationships between elements in a sentence to relations between heads and complements, doing away with free adjunction. For the analysis of modifying relations one consequence has been the rise of analyses that use the properties of selecting heads to stipulate unexpected syntactic behaviour, such as the use of light verbs to derive transparency in complex verb constructions. This thesis shows that such accounts are empirically inadequate and argues that the relationship between heads and adjuncts provides a more empirically-satisfactory model of modifying relations, such as complex verb constructions, than one restricted to the selection relation between heads and complements in the syntax. In support of the adjunct relation, I show how a modular approach to adjuncts in which the position of adjunction is licensed in the semantics and long-distance dependencies are licensed in the syntax can provide a more unified account of subextraction from two separate types of island configurations, viz. asymmetric subextraction from coordination and subextraction from participial adjuncts, either than analyses involving complementation in the syntax (Borgonovo and Neeleman, 2000; Fabregas and Jiménez-Fernández, 2016; Wiklund, 2007), or hybrid analyses mixing processing filters with syntactic licensing of long-distance dependencies (Truswell, 2009, 2011). The first part of the thesis shows that Chomsky’s (2000; 2001) phase theory gives rise to blackholes in the specifier positions of phases from which movement cannot take place. I provide a theoretical account in terms of feature-licensing, where blackholes are formed by the impossibility of licensing at least one unlicensed feature on a phase head, and show how this account derives the distinction between canonical adjuncts from which subextraction is not permitted and subextraction from single event constructions in which subextraction is permitted. The section speculatively concludes with a demonstration of how blackholes might provide a unified analysis of islandhood in general. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the empirical phenomenon of subextraction from coordination and participial adjuncts. I report the results of a series of judgement experiments run in parallel across two sets of constructions, coordination and participial adjuncts, in three languages, English, German and Norwegian. The aim was to test whether acceptability of subextraction from within coordination and participial adjuncts varied depending on the aspectual or grammatical type of matrix predicate. The results show that acceptability of subextraction does depend on the type of matrix predicate. The crucial factor is intransitivity, partially confirming the bias towards unaccusatives in subextraction from participial adjuncts observed informally in Borgonovo and Neeleman (2000); Fabregas and Jiménez-Fernández (2016); Truswell (2011) whilst providing evidence against theoretical accounts that rely primarily on unaccusativity (Borgonovo and Neeleman, 2000; Fabregas and Jiménez-Fernández, 2016), primarily on aspectual distinctions (Truswell, 2007b) or primarily on agentivity (Truswell, 2009, 2011). Interestingly, the hierarchy in acceptability between the four types of matrix predicates stays constant across all three languages, despite both pseudocoordination and subextraction from within participials being ungrammatical in German.