Before Brigham Young College was founded in 1877, a variety of schools existed in Utah. The Mormons at first, and later the Protestants and Catholics made significant contributions to education in the territory. Education has always played an important role in the philosophy of the Mormon church. In the early days of church history, the Mormons founded schools in the places they settled. This policy continued when they settled in Utah.

The young child's ability to learn to read (defined in this study "to recognize") words was studied in an attempt to determine the influence of age. Fourteen, three-year-old children and 16, four and one-half year old children, 14 girls and 16 boys, were instructed to read eight words. Groups of three were taught in four, ten minute sessions and were then tested one at a time for word recognition. A retention test was given two weeks later. The hypotheses, that three-year-old children will learn to read more readily than children nearer five years old and that girls will read better than boys, were not confirmed. The four-year-old girls gained the highest scores and the four-year-olds learned an average of one more word than the three-year-olds but the differences were not significant. It may be concluded that age and sex differences in ability to learn to read words appear to develop at a later age than three or four years. It appears, however, that learning to read words is not beyond the capabilities of three and four-year-old children.

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the propensity to migrate the destination choices of young adults, and the importance of individual, household, and community characteristics in these migration choices. Using cohort data from the National Longitudinal Survey ofYouth79 from 1980 to 1998, this study specifies the set of individual-, household-, and community-level of determinants on migrat ion and then incorporates these variables in multivariate analyses to test their direct and relative effects on the migratory behavior of young adult groups. A Cox proportional hazard analysis suggests that among three levels of factors, individual characteristics are the most important determinants of migration, but the migratory behavior is more fully explained by multilevel variables rather than a single-level variable. This research had three foci within the primary objective. First, at the individual level, this study is tbe first step in research that intended to suggest the usefulness of status inconsistency arguments on migration studies. Findings of tbe research indicate that underrewarded individuals are more likely to migrate than those who have balanced status, while overrewarded individuals are less likely to migrate than those who have balanced status. Second, at the household-level investigation, this research focused on the effects of relative conjugal power between husbands and wives on migration. Results suggest that differences in relative power between husbands and wives has only minor effects on migration and the direction of migration, but the quantitative effects of relative power variables are greater for wives than for husbands. Third, at the community-level investigation, this study focused on analyzing the interaction between the residential mobility of individuals and characteristics of the residential areas where they are located. The migration propensity of the most mobile types of people (the more educated whites) has responded more to differences in community characteristics than that of the least mobile types of people (the less educated blacks).

The effects of sex and tutorial instruction were studied as they influenced the seriation ability of pre-school children. The research was conducted at the Utah State University Child Development Laboratories with 24 four year old children enrolled at that time. Twelve of the children, six girls and six boys, were given seriation tasks. The remaining 12 children, six girls and six boys, were not given any seriation training. It was found that the 12 children who had received individualized instruction seriated significantly better on every task than the 12 children who had received no training. The children who were trained in seriation tasks also correctly transferred their learning of seriation from the original set of objects used in the training sessions to two other sets of size graded objects. The remaining 12 children did not make this transfer as successfully. There was no significant difference in the seriation ability of boys and girls, although the girls receiving training improved more than the boys who were trained in seriation. This finding was attributed to the fact that the boys in both groups seriated slightly higher than t.he girls in both groups; therefore the boys who received no seriation training did not have as much room for improvement.

Our purpose was to examine characteristics of progeny test herds and their effects on the genetic evaluation of young sires. Data for a study of response to pedigree selection by stud were evaluated from 6238 Holstein sires in four USDA animal model evaluations from January 1995 to February 1997. When data were restricted to the nine major semen producing organizations, a common intercept and slope for prediction of daughter yield deviation from pedigree merit were appropriate for milk but R2 was low at 0.14. We detected no important differences in response to pedigree selection among progeny testing methods used by major semen producing organizations. Data for a study of specific progeny test herds were 4154 Holstein progeny test herds from two AI studs and 6361 remaining herds from two states. We grouped herds into four categories, 21st Century Genetics and Genex progeny test herds, other Minnesota herds and other New York herds. Herds were described by DHI profile and average cow evaluation data. Cows with extreme yield deviations (± 3 herd standard deviations) were identified, as were daughters of progeny test bulls with extreme daughter performance relative to pedigree merit of the bull. 21st Century Genetics and Genex appear to have chosen the larger, genetically superior and better managed herds from within their regions in which to conduct their progeny testing. We were not able to predict if a bull was going to exceed or fail to meet pedigree prediction by characteristics of the progeny test herds in which he was sampled. / Master of Science

Information regarding spatiotemporal trends in young-of-year (YOY) fish distributions gives managers insight into recruitment and ultimately adult population variability. In Puerto Rico, limited research has been conducted on YOY distributions with no studies addressing reservoir systems. A comparison of the efficacy of two sampling gears and an assessment of spatiotemporal distributions of YOY fish communities in a tropical reservoir were conducted. Diversity of catch between push nets and offshore light traps were similar, though species composition of catch was different between gears. Inshore light traps collected greater total numbers and diversities of the YOY fish community than offshore traps in spring and summer seasons. Catch per unit effort was greater in the spring for inshore traps whereas CPUE was greater in offshore traps in the fall. These results will allow managers to coordinate YOY fish sampling efforts for specific species with periods of peak abundance and preferred habitat.

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Cyberbullying is one of the major problems of social networking sites, which has been known to have prolonged adverse psychological effects on social network users. Cyberbullying has been discussed a lot in the literature, but little research has been done on cyberbullying and its related factors. This study seeks to examine the factors influencing cyberbullying on Instagram among young adults. Instagram was chosen as a case study for the thesis because research shows that Instagram is the most preferred social networking site among the age cohort (18–30), who are popularly referred to as young adults. An extensive review of the literature was carried out, and six constructs (Instagram Usage, Vulnerability, Peer Pressure, Anonymity, and Instagram Features) were used to examine the influence of cyberbullying among young adults on Instagram. This study draws from the theory of routine activity theory (RAT), which is grounded on the postulation that criminal acts can be easily committed by any individual who has the opportunity. The researcher reviewed the process and deployed a methodological and concept-centric approach to create a comprehensive conceptual model that included key factors. This dissertation is different from most cyberbullying research in the sense that it reviews cyberbullying behaviours from the context in which they occur rather than the intent or motivation of the perpetrator. The model allowed a holistic examination of factors that influenced cyberbullying behaviours on Instagram. Using a survey methodology, over 201 Instagram users who are also students at the University of Cape Town completed an instrument measuring factor influencing cyberbullying. The researcher deployed Smart PLS, a statistical package for the social sciences, to test for reliability, validity and to analyse the entire dataset. The study critically examined the factors that influence cyberbullying among young adults. The results of this dissertation indicated that peer pressure and online vulnerability have a strong significance in cyberbullying behaviours. Surprisingly, Instagram usage had a weak correlation with cyberbullying behaviours. This study contributes significantly to the exciting research on cyberbullying as it helps identify the factors that contribute to cyberbullying behaviours. From this research, cyberbullying interventions or solutions can be accurately developed.

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