This thesis examines the issue of young people and alcohol consumption in order to understand their behaviour and experiences in Thailand. Alcohol consumption is socially accepted as a pleasurable activity in many countries world-wide. Alcohol consumption among young people in Thailand has been affected by the spread of western culture, which has encouraged an acceptance of drinking alcohol as being fashionable and as a means of promoting social relationships. This study aimed to gain detailed knowledge of the alcohol consumption behaviour of secondary school students in Petchaburi Province, Thailand, using a survey and participatory action research to understand the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders in one community towards young people’s behaviour and alcohol consumption. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in order to explore and interpret students’ and stakeholders’ perspectives. The survey was the first phase of the research and used a questionnaire to identify the characteristics and problems of the alcohol consumption behaviour of 845 secondary school students aged 15-19 sampled from one school in each of the eight districts of Petchaburi Province. Logistic regression was used to select one school for conducting Participatory Action Research (PAR) in one community “C” in phase two of the research. An ecological approach was applied for capturing a variety of perspectives, at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy level using focus groups and in-depth interviews with eight students, eight parents, three health professionals, two teachers, one community leader, one policeman and one Buddhist monk. The study findings demonstrated that alcohol consumption among young people was common. The data showed that 45.9% of participants had had an alcoholic drink in the previous thirty days. Students usually drank on Fridays and Saturdays with their gangs. All or almost all of their close friends were reported as having an alcoholic drink. Most students were affected by peer pressure, some students copied their family members’ drinking behaviour, and some of them were influenced by fashion, community culture and advertising. Moreover, students who drank alcohol demonstrated the negative consequences of drinking. Drinking at an early age was defined by all stakeholders in the selected Community C as unpleasant and intolerable behaviour. Students started to develop strategies in order to access alcohol. Moreover, alcohol was readily available due to the lack of restrictions being enforced in community shops by government policy, alongside inconsistent enforcement of the Alcohol Act. The development of prevention strategies was recommended for action at all levels. This includes within families, in schools, and within affected communities through the introduction of policies such as the restriction of alcohol sales and advertising, and by raising awareness among young people and their communities. Finally, Buddhist practices were discussed as a key element in the development of an intervention programme to reduce the problematic drinking behaviour of young people.

This thesis explores the history and current condition of contemporary young adult literature. It looks at why the genre has been marginalized, especially in relation to education and scholarly critique. Chapter one places Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter alongside the contemporary fiction of Hilary Jordan, When She Woke. The discussion of Jordan's work points out the importance of the contemporary work and how it can be used to enhance learning and appreciation for it's canonical predecessor. Chapter two looks at the ghost story as written for the younger range of young adult literature, the crossover novel, and adult literature. Lisa McMann's Cryer's Cross explores how death and ghosts affect those left behind after a trauma and is targeted to a young adult audience. Laura Kasischke's novel The Raising addresses ghostly existences when a college student is supposedly killed by her boyfriend. This book bridges the gap between young adult literature and adult literature. The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold looks at death and loss from the vantage point of the dead and it's subtlety puts it in the group of adult literature. All three novels help their targeted audiences in differing ways and allows for self-exploration of beliefs and values.

xv, 170 p. A print copy of this title is available from the UO Libraries, under the call number: KNIGHT LB1131 .B14 2007 / Many research studies in early childhood assessment have addressed the importance of quality assessment services. Such services involve gathering information on children through direct observation of functional skills in natural settings, which requires considerable time and effort. Due to the unavailability of sufficient resources for the quality assessment services, a new approach needs to be undertaken. Current research has suggested that parent-completed screening utilizing parental knowledge about their child is valid and reliable in appraising current and observable behaviors (Bodnarchuk & Eaton, 2004; O'Neill, 2007). There has been, however, little investigation on in-depth standardized assessments completed by parents for young children aged 18 to 36 months. This study examined validity and reliability of in-depth parental report on child development with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory for Toddlers (ASQ-IT) for children aged 18-36 moths old. Fifty child-caregiver dyads were divided into two groups, non-risk and risk based on environmental factors including maternal age at the child's birth, family income, and maternal education. In examining psychometric information of the parent-completed measure, acceptable outcomes were found. Accuracy was supported by two examinations for concurrent validity; (1) the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-2) administered by professionals and the ASQ-IT completed by parents (r = .63 -.83,p < .01), and (2) the same two measures completed by professionals (r = .72 -.92,p < .01). Findings of both reliability studies, test-retest reliability with the ASQ-IT completed by parents, and inter-observer reliability between parents and professionals, suggested substantial consistency, p = .79 -.93 and p = .65 -.88 respectively. In differential item functioning (DIF) (i.e., 3% of DIF items) and known-group validity analyses (p < .0005 at 36 months), the ability of the ASQ-IT to detect changes in the children's development was confirmed. Results from the social validity examining parent perception of the ASQIT completion identified efficiency of the ASQ-IT (e.g., reasonable time to complete) as well as many benefits. / Adviser: Jane K. Squires

This research considered the role of active leisure-based interventions with young people at risk of offending. It examined some of the claimed outcomes of participation for young people, and the types of provision which can support positive outcomes. A central feature of the research was an analysis of the impact of interventions on leisure-behaviour and attitudes in the medium term. This was underpinned by three stages of research to ensure the appropriateness of the main longitudinal case studies and the framework diagram.

Esta dissertação, que se insere na Linha de Pesquisa Produção Social do Conhecimento, objetiva gerar uma reflexão acerca da metodologia de formar e inserir jovens no mundo do trabalho, após a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Isto é feito a partir da análise ideológica do que está subjacente aos discursos dos que atuam ou estimulam o desenvolvimento desta atividade. Partindo de uma fundamentação em autores que, entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, realizaram investigações nas áreas de trabalho/educação e de assistência à infância e à juventude, e de uma análise junto ao Projeto Bolsa de Iniciação ao Trabalho, desenvolvido pela UERJ em conjunto com DEGASE e 2 Vara, foram feitas observações e entrevistas com educadores e jovens envolvidos nesta prática. Foi possível, assim, desvelar o significado desses discursos: falas produzidas a partir das distintas e complexas relações sociais vivenciadas pela população brasileira e que, até os dias atuais, interferem no processo de formação e inserção profissional do jovem pobre. Após a análise, verificou-se que esta ideologia é reproduzida por educadores e jovens e, que, apesar das mudanças desta década, a prática instituída é a de adequar o jovem ao trabalho, visando a sua socialização, ocupação do tempo ocioso e renda familiar. Este texto ainda tenta sinalizar para a importância dos programas e da escola formal interagirem, rompendo com o falso paradigma de que a infância pobre está destinada, com raríssimas exceções, ao trabalho instrumental ou à marginalização, o que contribui para sua exclusão da escola e do direito ao lazer. Busca, também, estratégias que auxiliem na construção de um jovem/cidadão crítico e ciente de seus direitos. / This dissertation, which falls in the line of research Social production of Knowledge, aims to generate a reflection about the methodology of forming and inserting young into the world of work, after the promulgation of the Statute of the child and adolescent. This is done from the ideological analysis of what underlies the speeches of that act or stimulate the development of this activity. Starting from a rationale in authors who, between the decades of 1980 and 1990, conducted investigations in the areas of trabalho/educação and assistance to childhood and youth, and an analysis by the Project initiation scholarship to work, developed by UERJ in conjunction with DEGASE and second stick, were made observations and interviews with educators and young people involved in this practice. It was possible, thus unveiling the meaning of these speeches: speeches produced from distinct and complex social relationships experienced by Brazilian population and that, until the present day, interfere in the process of training and vocational integration of young poor. After analysis, it was found that this ideology is reproduced by educators and youth and that, despite the changes of this decade, the established practice is to suit the young to work for their socialization, idle time occupation and household income. This text still trying to flag the importance of formal school programs interact, breaking with the false paradigm that poor childhood is destined, with rare exceptions, the instrumental work or marginalization, which contributes to their exclusion from school and the right to leisure. Also search strategies that help in the construction of a jovem/cidadão critical and aware of their rights

O presente trabalho destina-se à reflexão acerca de algumas das dimensões do projeto político e educacional posto em prática no período do Estado Novo (1937-1945), buscando focalizar estratégias encaminhadas no sentido da formação da população infanto-juvenil, com base em valores morais e sociais afinados com a ideologia do regime. No âmbito das estratégias voltadas para fortalecimento e legitimação do regime, que procurava construir uma identificação com a nação, houve a preocupação com a produção de uma imagem idealizada do próprio Estado Novo, da figura de Vargas diante do povo e de sua relação com este, em especial, com os trabalhadores e a juventude. Para isso, o governo lançou mão de estratégias diversas para popularização da figura do presidente diante dos jovens e produziu todo um conjunto de representações acerca de valores como família, educação, trabalho e nação. Tais estratégias compreenderam uma vasta produção de materiais impressos e, entre estes,biografias de Getúlio Vargas, voltadas para o público infanto-juvenil. Assim, a intenção deste estudo é refletir sobre a produção destes impressos no âmbito do projeto político e educacional do regime, buscando apreender de que forma estas publicações, que têm como pano de fundo a trajetória de vida do presidente, forneceram aos jovens modelos de comportamento e parâmetros de conduta valorizados socialmente e, em que medida, se configuraram, elas próprias, produtoras daquela realidade. / This work is intended to reflect about some of the dimensions of the political and educational project implemented during the Estado Novo (1937-1945), seeking to focus on strategies directed towards the formation of the juvenile population, based on values attuned to moral and social ideology of the regime. As part of strategies for strengthening and legitimizing the regime, which sought to build identification with the nation, we were concerned with the production of an idealized image of the Estado Novo itself, the figure of Vargas before the people and their relationship with this, in particular, workers and young. For this, the government resorted to various strategies for popularizing the figure of the president before young people and produced a whole set of ideas about values such as family, education, work and nation. Such strategies comprise a vast production of printed materials, and among these biographies of Getulio Vargas, aimed at children and youth. For this, the intention is to reflect on the production of these forms within the educational and political project of the regime, seeking to understand how these publications, which have as a background on the life histories of the President, provided the young role models and parameters of conduct socially valued, and to what extent, if configured themselves producing that reality.

The integration of information technology (ICT) into primary classrooms is increasingly crucial for engaging and stimulating digital young learners who are in daily contact with technology. In 2005 Bahrain Ministry of Education started King Hamad Future Schools Project which aimed to adopt the interactive whiteboard (IWB) in all government schools. However, there has not yet been any study that investigates the utilization of this technology in English language teaching either in primary or in intermediate and secondary schools. This thesis studies the employment and effectiveness of IWB in teaching English vocabulary to 104 young learners and their attitude and perception towards its use in their learning. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, through questionnaire, language tests and classroom observations. The questionnaire and the observation results indicated that IWB is highly rated and preferred by the participating young learners. Three themes emerged from observation. The first theme is the IWB impact on children as learners which entails its influence on the children’s interaction, their learning, and their behaviour; the second theme is the impact of IWB on pedagogy; this involves the use of IWB multimedia, its presentational mode of range, and the use of games. The third and final theme is the IWB’s interactional affordances that include the teachers and the pupils’ use and control of the interactive board and the IWB’s effects on the lesson’s space. The analysis of the vocabulary tests has shown a positive impact on the learning of English vocabulary which was reflected by the pupils’ test results. As the study was conducted in Bahrain and on limited number of young learners, its results are limited and cannot be generalised.

O presente trabalho destina-se à reflexão acerca de algumas das dimensões do projeto político e educacional posto em prática no período do Estado Novo (1937-1945), buscando focalizar estratégias encaminhadas no sentido da formação da população infanto-juvenil, com base em valores morais e sociais afinados com a ideologia do regime. No âmbito das estratégias voltadas para fortalecimento e legitimação do regime, que procurava construir uma identificação com a nação, houve a preocupação com a produção de uma imagem idealizada do próprio Estado Novo, da figura de Vargas diante do povo e de sua relação com este, em especial, com os trabalhadores e a juventude. Para isso, o governo lançou mão de estratégias diversas para popularização da figura do presidente diante dos jovens e produziu todo um conjunto de representações acerca de valores como família, educação, trabalho e nação. Tais estratégias compreenderam uma vasta produção de materiais impressos e, entre estes,biografias de Getúlio Vargas, voltadas para o público infanto-juvenil. Assim, a intenção deste estudo é refletir sobre a produção destes impressos no âmbito do projeto político e educacional do regime, buscando apreender de que forma estas publicações, que têm como pano de fundo a trajetória de vida do presidente, forneceram aos jovens modelos de comportamento e parâmetros de conduta valorizados socialmente e, em que medida, se configuraram, elas próprias, produtoras daquela realidade. / This work is intended to reflect about some of the dimensions of the political and educational project implemented during the Estado Novo (1937-1945), seeking to focus on strategies directed towards the formation of the juvenile population, based on values attuned to moral and social ideology of the regime. As part of strategies for strengthening and legitimizing the regime, which sought to build identification with the nation, we were concerned with the production of an idealized image of the Estado Novo itself, the figure of Vargas before the people and their relationship with this, in particular, workers and young. For this, the government resorted to various strategies for popularizing the figure of the president before young people and produced a whole set of ideas about values such as family, education, work and nation. Such strategies comprise a vast production of printed materials, and among these biographies of Getulio Vargas, aimed at children and youth. For this, the intention is to reflect on the production of these forms within the educational and political project of the regime, seeking to understand how these publications, which have as a background on the life histories of the President, provided the young role models and parameters of conduct socially valued, and to what extent, if configured themselves producing that reality.

Esta dissertação, que se insere na Linha de Pesquisa Produção Social do Conhecimento, objetiva gerar uma reflexão acerca da metodologia de formar e inserir jovens no mundo do trabalho, após a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Isto é feito a partir da análise ideológica do que está subjacente aos discursos dos que atuam ou estimulam o desenvolvimento desta atividade. Partindo de uma fundamentação em autores que, entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, realizaram investigações nas áreas de trabalho/educação e de assistência à infância e à juventude, e de uma análise junto ao Projeto Bolsa de Iniciação ao Trabalho, desenvolvido pela UERJ em conjunto com DEGASE e 2 Vara, foram feitas observações e entrevistas com educadores e jovens envolvidos nesta prática. Foi possível, assim, desvelar o significado desses discursos: falas produzidas a partir das distintas e complexas relações sociais vivenciadas pela população brasileira e que, até os dias atuais, interferem no processo de formação e inserção profissional do jovem pobre. Após a análise, verificou-se que esta ideologia é reproduzida por educadores e jovens e, que, apesar das mudanças desta década, a prática instituída é a de adequar o jovem ao trabalho, visando a sua socialização, ocupação do tempo ocioso e renda familiar. Este texto ainda tenta sinalizar para a importância dos programas e da escola formal interagirem, rompendo com o falso paradigma de que a infância pobre está destinada, com raríssimas exceções, ao trabalho instrumental ou à marginalização, o que contribui para sua exclusão da escola e do direito ao lazer. Busca, também, estratégias que auxiliem na construção de um jovem/cidadão crítico e ciente de seus direitos. / This dissertation, which falls in the line of research Social production of Knowledge, aims to generate a reflection about the methodology of forming and inserting young into the world of work, after the promulgation of the Statute of the child and adolescent. This is done from the ideological analysis of what underlies the speeches of that act or stimulate the development of this activity. Starting from a rationale in authors who, between the decades of 1980 and 1990, conducted investigations in the areas of trabalho/educação and assistance to childhood and youth, and an analysis by the Project initiation scholarship to work, developed by UERJ in conjunction with DEGASE and second stick, were made observations and interviews with educators and young people involved in this practice. It was possible, thus unveiling the meaning of these speeches: speeches produced from distinct and complex social relationships experienced by Brazilian population and that, until the present day, interfere in the process of training and vocational integration of young poor. After analysis, it was found that this ideology is reproduced by educators and youth and that, despite the changes of this decade, the established practice is to suit the young to work for their socialization, idle time occupation and household income. This text still trying to flag the importance of formal school programs interact, breaking with the false paradigm that poor childhood is destined, with rare exceptions, the instrumental work or marginalization, which contributes to their exclusion from school and the right to leisure. Also search strategies that help in the construction of a jovem/cidadão critical and aware of their rights

Rising prevalence of child and adolescent obesity worldwide poses a threat to the future health and wellbeing of individuals. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of energy balance and therefore energy intake should help devise dietary strategies conducive to the maintenance of a healthy bodyweight during growth. Indeed, eating habits established during childhood are powerful determinants of future food preferences and choices in adulthood. Appetite for food and calorie-containing drinks is an important driver of energy intake and is modulated by a variety of environmental, psychological and metabolic factors. For instance, macronutrient manipulation and particularly increasing the protein content of meals at the expense of carbohydrates has been previously shown to reduce appetite in adults. Less research has been carried out in children due to methodological limitations. The first study described in this thesis sought to establish whether salivary sampling could be a non-invasive alternative to intra-venous blood sampling for the quantification of an appetite inducing peptide called ghrelin. Chapter 4 describes the dietary habits of a cohort of children (8-10 years old) and adolescents (13-17 years old) with a specific focus on sugar consumption and a comparison of key dietary characteristics with the Scottish Dietary Goals and with data from national dietary surveillance programmes. Subsequently, chapter 5 assesses the effect of protein content and portion size of dairy breakfast drinks in children and adolescents on appetite and caloric intake at an ad libitum snack buffet in a randomised crossover design study. Differences between age groups, nutritional status and genders were examined. Chapter 6 examines the correlations between performance at cognitive tests of executive function and ad libitum snack intake and chapter 7 presents new avenues of research into appetite in children and adolescents.