The young child's ability to learn to read (defined in this study "to recognize") words was studied in an attempt to determine the influence of age. Fourteen, three-year-old children and 16, four and one-half year old children, 14 girls and 16 boys, were instructed to read eight words. Groups of three were taught in four, ten minute sessions and were then tested one at a time for word recognition. A retention test was given two weeks later. The hypotheses, that three-year-old children will learn to read more readily than children nearer five years old and that girls will read better than boys, were not confirmed. The four-year-old girls gained the highest scores and the four-year-olds learned an average of one more word than the three-year-olds but the differences were not significant. It may be concluded that age and sex differences in ability to learn to read words appear to develop at a later age than three or four years. It appears, however, that learning to read words is not beyond the capabilities of three and four-year-old children.

<p>This paper presents a method for recognition of flame types coming from different kinds of fuel through analysis of flame images. Accurate detection of fire alarm and achievement of early warning is positive development for cities fire safety. Image-based fire flame detection technology is a new effective way to achieve early warning through the early fire flame detection. Different fuel combustion in air it the basic of basis to recognize the type of flame. The application built up by using generic color model and the techniques of image analysis.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 214986 bytes, checksum: b034bc3b766e795ea3a665cd1796542a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-27 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Social insects can recognize nestmates and avoid nests invasion. However, termite nests are frequently invaded by arthropods, mainly insects, including other termite species called inquilines. Mechanisms that allow nest invasion are not completely understood yet. In this work, we focus on intruders which are termite species, and how the colony builder can defend its nest from such intruders. In order to understand how builder individuals may recognize intruders, we need first to comprehend how they can distinguish themselves from other individuals with same morphology and behaviour (non nestmates). Some termite species are able to recognize non nestmate and other species do not. We do not know if inquilines may harm the original builder, or if a weak colony allows inquilines to enter. If it is true that in a stressed colony the process of inquiline s settlement is favored, we expect the colony defense system to become less efficient when the colony is subjected to some kind of stress. We tested the hypothesis that the aggressiveness of builder individuals varies with the stress that the colony is subject to. To do so we submitted Cornitermes cumulans workers to different amount of stress, changing how long they spent away from the nest. We checked workers aggressive behaviour and survival in groups only with nestmates or with non-nestmates. In low stress situation C. cumulans was more aggressive against non nestmates than against nestmates. In a high stress situation there was a increase in aggressiveness only in nestmates. This findings may be a indication that colony health is an important factor mediating colony defense against intruders. / Os insetos sociais possuem a habilidade de reconhecer indivíduos do mesmo ninho e evitar invasões de intrusos no ninho. No entanto, ninhos de cupins são freqüentemente invadidos por artrópodos, principalmente insetos, incluindo outras espécies de cupins denominados inquilinos. Os mecanismos que determinam a invasão são pouco conhecidos. Para entender como os indivíduos da espécie construtora do ninho reconhecem esses intrusos, é necessário entender o processo de reconhecimento entre indivíduos com mesma morfologia e comportamento, porém de outro ninho. Ainda não está esclarecido se os inquilinos enfraquecem a espécie construtora, visando invadir o ninho, ou se em uma colônia previamente enfraquecida, o estabelecimento de inquilinos ocorre mais facilmente. Dessa maneira, é plausível supor que em uma colônia submetida a algum estresse externo, o processo de estabelecimento de inquilinos seja favorecido. Sendo assim, espera-se que o sistema de defesa desta colônia seja menos eficiente, quando comparado a uma colônia sem estresse. Nesta tese, a principal hipótese testada foi que a agressividade dos indivíduos da espécie construtora varia em função ao estresse a que estão submetidos. Para isso, indivíduos de Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) foram submetidos a diferentes intensidades de estresse, dependendo do tempo que permaneceram fora do ninho. Posteriormente, foi mensurada a agressividade e a sobrevivência desses indivíduos em grupos formados por apenas indivíduos do mesmo ninho e em grupos formados por indivíduos de ninhos diferentes. Nas situações de baixo estresse C. cumulans foi mais agressivo com indivíduos de outro ninho do que com indivíduos do mesmo ninho. No entanto, na situação de alto estresse indivíduos do mesmo ninho foram tão agressivos quanto indivíduos de diferentes ninhos. Esses resultados podem indicar que a saúde da colônia é um fator importante na defesa da colônia contra invasores.

臺灣在加入WTO後，農業部門勢所難免的會遭受到嚴重衝擊，發展被替代性低的休閒觀光農業，是可以讓農業提昇競爭力的方法之一。而伴隨著農業旅遊活動，住宿的需求必然也隨之出現，惟為避免大規模的興建住宿設施而破壞了農業生產環境及自然生態，小規模的開發及利用現有的農宅，增建改建為住（民）宿設施，不僅能吸引並留住旅遊人潮，以活絡農村經濟，亦可增進遊客對於農業及農村的體驗。 本研究初步得到以下結果：（一）針對前來住宿本休閒農場遊客的基本個人特質調查可知：１．遊客以男性略多於女性，２．大部份為青壯年人口為主，３．教育程度以大學、專科為最多，４．在工作類型上以從事服務業、商業者為主，來此的遊客多為中產階級。（二）就旅遊屬性來看，１．前來住宿庄腳所在休閒農場的遊客，主要是由親友及看旅遊雜誌的介紹而來，２．以第一次來的遊客為最多，３．同伴性質多以３-５人的家庭團體活動為主，４．所花費的交通時間則以１-２小時為最主要，５．多為自行開車前來。（三）在遊客所重視之休閒農場住（民）宿設施而言，以「房間乾淨、氣味適宜、整齊」、「床墊的狀況」、「自然光及空氣流通」等三項是為遊客所最重視，另外遊客最重視之住（民）宿服務項目分為「房價收費合理」、「民宿主人的親切感」、「民宿主人提供休閒農場資訊的完整性」等三項。（四）本研究針對個人屬性中之性別、年齡、教育程度、工作類型、個人收入，檢定與遊客最重視之住（民）宿設施與服務的差異性；由分析結果得知，在住（民）宿設施部分，年齡、工作類型達到顯著水準0.05，表示這些因子具有獨立性質，其餘則未具獨立性。至於住（民）宿服務部分，則是個人收入此項因子達到顯著水準0.05。（五）對住宿本休閒農場之遊客，本研究將遊客滿意度分為對寢室、盥洗室、整體形象、農場主、服務與休閒等五項分項滿意度，其中以對「寢室的滿意度」最高，其次為對「整體形象的滿意度」。至於研究假設驗證方面：（一）以卡方檢定將遊客個人屬性中之性別、年齡、教育程度、工作類型、個人收入，與其所最重視的住（民）宿設施與服務認知間進行獨立性檢定後發現，１．在住（民）宿設施部分，所有的年齡層最重視的住（民）宿設施項目均以「房間乾淨、氣味適宜、整齊」最高。２．各職業分類中，其所最重視之住（民）宿設施項目仍認為「房間乾淨、氣味適宜、整齊」是最重要的。３．至於住（民）宿服務部分，性別、年齡、教育程度、工作類型、個人收入等五項因子中，僅有個人收入一項達到顯著水準。（二）利用單因子變異數分析檢測個人特性與其對各個分項滿意度間差異性的分析發現：１．不同年齡層的遊客對於「整體形象滿意度」及「農場主滿意度」會有所差異。２．不同教育程度的遊客對於「寢室滿意度」、「整體形象滿意度」、「服務與休閒滿意度」會有所差異。（三）以線性相關分析檢測各分項滿意度與總滿意度間呈現顯著正相關性。

Along with the development of localization and navigation technologies, the Global Positioning System (GPS) plays an important role in our daily life, but it is confined in outdoor environments. The technology of human localization has been developed in recent years. This technology utilizes sensors to determine the movement of human and measure the distance of walking, which is not only used to solve the problem of GPS out-of-lock, but also used for the indoor localization. This thesis describes a human step-length recognition and real-time localization base on an embedded system. The goal of this system is to develop a gait pattern classification and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method for human localization. Through the information of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and two force sensors mounted on a shoe, the wireless transmission module is used to send data of sensors to an embedded platform. Then the functions of step detection, step length estimation and gait pattern recognition can be achieved. According to coordinate transformation and the ZUPT algorithm, the accumulated error of velocity can be corrected. The dead reckoning method is used to obtain the information of location. Finally, the information of human location and gait patterns is sent to the Android system for remote monitoring.

This paper presents a method for recognition of flame types coming from different kinds of fuel through analysis of flame images. Accurate detection of fire alarm and achievement of early warning is positive development for cities fire safety. Image-based fire flame detection technology is a new effective way to achieve early warning through the early fire flame detection. Different fuel combustion in air it the basic of basis to recognize the type of flame. The application built up by using generic color model and the techniques of image analysis.

預算參與及績效間的關係，由於牽涉的中間變項太多，至今尚未有定論。本文以實驗 方式，操縱預算參與、預算高低、及酬勞三項變數，探討在認知失調情況下之績效及 預算估計。全文共分六章、二十五節，六遇餘言。茲將各章內容扼要說明如下： 第一章：緒論，就研究動機及目的、論文結構、研究方法、及研究限制，加以扼要說 明。 第二章：文獻探討，探討關於參與及績效之文獻、及認知失調理論，進而導出假設。 第三章：研究設計，說明實驗環境。 第四章：結果。 第五章：說明，解釋研究結果。 第六章：結論與建議。

Numerous safety studies suggest that stress complacency related accidents in manufacturing industries continue to cause injuries or fatalities because of the absence of emotional resources for leaders, who are unable to prevent accidents when these conditions exist. Leaders of the manufactory industries may not have the appropriate emotional measures which are significant to recognize employees' underlying complacent behavior. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to evaluate the relationship between leaders' emotional intelligence resources and their ability to manage to prevent injuries and fatalities in the workplace. The research questions address key traits of emotional intelligence regarding emotional perceptions and control which are needed to make the leaders more effective at recognizing and responding to stress complacency related incidents. Specifically, this study includes a method of inquiry in the form of a survey designed to measure 140 leaders' emotional intelligence competencies in 3 Western Virginia food and beverage manufactories. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the multivariate relationships among leaders' skills and safety prevention. Leaders' emotional intelligence results indicated a negative effect on stress identification in either upper or middle leadership groups preventing them from exercising safe prevention error with their employees. Promoting leaders' emotional intelligence engagement may potentially contribute to social change helping the food and beverage organizations to protect their employees from getting hurt, promoting strong safety cultures, maintaining a positive impact on families and workers and thereby, increasing community resilience

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 7 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho apresento um estudo comparativo entre dois empreendimentos econômicos solidários na área da reciclagem e de um grupo de catadores que não optaram pela forma coletiva de trabalho. Busco avaliar as possibilidades da economia solidária a partir da adesão a suas práticas e valores propiciarem um processo de qualificação social capaz de superar processos de desqualificação social, conforme os descrevem Serge Paugam. Para dar conta deste objetivo, inicialmente reviso o contexto histórico dos trabalhadores empobrecidos. Posteriormente, revisarei os estudos acerca da marginalidade e da exclusão no Brasil, a fim de melhor fundamentar o que vem a ser um processo de qualificação social. Finalmente, busco demonstrar como os trabalhadores da reciclagem, a partir do desenvolvimento de uma identidade de resistência superam os estigmas e os rótulos resultantes do exercício da atividade de catação, os quais se configuram em verdadeiros obstáculos para uma inserção como cidadãos de direitos / In this work show a comparative study between two economics solidaries enterprises in the area of recycling, and a group of collectors who did not choose by collective work way. I try evaluating the possibilities of solidary economy since your adhesion its practices and values to make possible a process of social qualification able to get over the process of lost of social qualification, according Serge Paugam. For this purpose, firstly I will review the context of the poor workers. After, I will review the studies about poorness and exclusion in Brazil, due to get a better base in relation what is a process of social qualification. Finally, I try to explain how the workers from recycling, since the development of an identity of resistance win the stigmas and the labels that came from their activity of collectors, what are truths obstacles to insertion how citizens with rights

Questions concerning children's rights and children's place in society have been on the agenda for some decades now. Parallell to this movement questions about children's place in the bible, in the church and in systematic theology have entered the academical conversation. This paper attempts to find a method to investigate whether systematic theology as we know it, has the tools to address these new questions. Axel Honneth's theory on recognition will be important, since the three levels of recognitions he describes are designed to point out the difference between rights and solidarity, between formal recognition and the recognition that sprouts from genuine intrest in shared experience.  The thougths from Honneth are combined with John Wall's argumentation on seeing the child as a full humna being, as a subject. Risto Saarinen's discussion on asymmetrical relations, adds an important perspective. From these three theories, a method is formulated for putting the child in focus on the theological agenda. The gain is not only the recognition of a neglected group, measured to one third of humankind. The new viewpiont shreds its light upon questions important to all of us. The method is a systematic theological tool both useful for pointing out inconsistencies and to suggest solutions to the very same problems.  In the final discussion I show how this could be done by adressing the children's place in the postmodern family project, described by Katarina Westerlund, and children as liturgical leaders with the help of Karin Rubensson's thesis.