Bibliographic identification ŠATRA, Michal: The historical development of the technique of swimming styles in connection with changes in the rules [Diploma thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Department of Swimming. Supervisor: Mgr. Babeta Chrzanowská. Prague: FTVS UK, 2012. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the techniques of each individual swimming style on the basis of all available materials and to discover its connection with significant changes in the respective style's rules. The purpose of this thesis is to point out the most important changes in the rules of swimming within their historical context. A DVD which contains a practical demonstration of various swimming styles forms part of this work. Keywords Swimming, free style, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, swimming style, swimming technique, historical development, contemporary style, rules, historical photos, DVD.

As a consequence of a process of semiotic totalization of public life in totalitarian societies, a system of social, esthetic, ethic and language norms becomes radically altered. This system is partially described in Totalitarian kitsch section, in chapters called Totality, Kitsch, Art, Language, Esthetics and Myth. In a passage called Underground, totalitarian realism and Egon Bondy's and Ivan Vodseďálek's gauche poetry is interpreted as a model reply on totalitarian society conditions. A concept of total poetry is introduced. We ask a question: what actually total poetry is, if not an art? Eleven answers are being sequentially found: 1. it is a complex of apocryphal texts of socialistic realism, 2. it is a game about art, 3. it is culture at the phase of being born, 4. a method of phenomenological reduction, 5. a language game, 6. de-construction of myth, 7. occupation of game position within totalitarian society, 8. a myth, 9. a semiotic clearance process carried out through semiotic rage, 10. symbolization of reality and realization of symbol, 11. call for a game. In the end, we try to define total poetry in relationship to avant-garde, modern art and postmodernism. Three points have been discussed in a chapter called Kitsch and underground: 1. recapitulation of acceptation of Egon Bondy's and...

L’omniprésence de l’affichage publicitaire confère à la langue un caractère intrinsèquement social, nonobstant le message linguistique lui-même. Son influence sur la société se construit à travers une double utilisation du langage ; conçu d'une part comme un système traditionnel de signes, et d'autre part comme un ensemble de co(n)textes. Notre approche sémio-linguistique s'occupe de l'intentionnel et de la subjectivité dont dispose le signe totalisant qu’est l’affiche publicitaire. L’objet de l’analyse étant les campagnes dites sociales, notre étude situe les discours dans leurs sémiosphères respectives. Enfin, le sujet ainsi présenté étant aussi vaste, nos intérêts se limitent à un seul aspect du processus de communication : le récepteur. Ce dernier s’avère hétérogène, puisqu’il il ne s’agit jamais d’une seule personne. La virtualité qui en relève nous conduit, d’un côté, à ne plus parler du récepteur, mais du simulacre de récepteur ; et de l’autre, à reconsidérer les notions de signification et de sens. La question englobant tous les concepts évoqués est : qu’en est-il de l’interprétant et de l’interprétation ? C’est en ces deux notions que le contexte et le récepteur se croisent. Or, toute interprétation d’une affiche publicitaire est acceptable du côté de la réception des messages, à condition qu’elle relève à la fois de la dénotation, du contexte et de l’expérience personnelle. S’agissant de simulacres d’émetteur et de récepteur, il nous est impossible de fermer le cercle de sémiose en retrouvant le même interprétant des deux côtés. Néanmoins, pour que l’interprétation soit acceptable, il convient simplement de clore ledit cercle. / Omnipresence of promotional posters contributes to the incontestably social linguistic character conceived in the mere linguistic message. His impact on the society starts with double use of language: language as a part of traditional system of signs, and language as an unity of co(n)texts. Furthermore, this semio-linguistic approach deals with intentionality and subjectivity without which the sign «totalisant» - the poster – cannot exist. As the objects of the analysis are so-called social campaigns, our research considers the context lacto sensu and thereby situates the discourses in theirs semio-spheres. A subject as complex as this one has to be limited. In our case, the analysis of the communication process is relevant to the addressee. He is by definition heterogeneous, for he never represents one person only. Potentiality which is the consequence of such a concept force us, on the one hand, not to discuss the addressee, but the his simulacra; and, on the other, to reconsider the notions of meaning and sense. The final question embraces all the concepts mentioned earlier: what about the interpretant and the interpretation? These two notions imply context and addressee. In other words, every interpretation of any promotional poster is acceptable for the addressee, if, and only if the interpretation relies on the denotation, context and personal experience at the same time. As the actors are simulacra of addresser and of addressee, it is no more possible to close the semiosis circle by finding exclusively the same interpretant at both ends of the communication process. For the interpretation to be succeeded, it is enough to close it with any interpreter at all. / Sveprisutnost reklamnoga plakata pridonosi jezičnome neosporivo nasilnom karakteru začetom već u samoj jezičnoj poruci. Njegov utjecaj na društvo počiva na dvostrukom korištenju jezika; jeziku kao dijelu tradicionalnoga sustava znakova i kao cjelini vizualnog objekta. Disertacija analizira plakat semiološkim i donekle sociološkim pristupom, kako bi pokazala da marketing koristi znak kao sredstvo društvene manipulacije. Nadalje, bavi se semiološkim teorijama analizirajući intencionalnost i subjektivnost kanalizirane kroz jezik. Promatrajući značenje i smisao plakata, disertacija razrađuje treći stupanj uspješne interpretacije: osobno značenje u kojem se svijet znakova razdvaja od realnosti te vrijednosti medija ostaju izražene distorzijom koja daje efekt iznenađenja. Uspjeh procesa semioze je definiran tako uzimajući u obzir i pošiljatelja i primatelja poruke: ako ne možemo odrediti interpretanta, semioza ne postoji. Ipak, ako je zaista potrebno zatvoriti komunikacijski krug, kako onda tretirati igre riječima ili krive interpretacije koje po definiciji podrazumijevaju interpretanta i to onoga koji nam je nepoznat? Ovaj nas je predmet doveo do kraja istraživanja u kojemu supostoje nesigurnost prave emisije i recepcije poruke: odnosno, do jezične manipulacije. Cilj disertacije je pokazati da je, sa strane primatelja poruke, svaka moguća interpretacija reklamnoga plakata prihvatljiva.

This diploma thesis deals with navigation on airport surface. In thesis there are described main surveillance systems, which are used for navigation on airport surface and systems for prediction and avoiding collisions. For all systems is listed principle of action, their usage, advantages and disadvantages and informations, which are provided by these systems. In last chapter there are compared properties of main surveillance systems.

Within the new social and technological conditions of the second half of the 20th century, new conceptions of art are being established, later described as "New Media Art". Automated processes (often with integration of artificial intelligence) of artistic creation questions the status of authorship over the final artifact. Next to the ambiguities regarding the status of the artist, the nature of the works themselves is also changing (uniqueness, simulations). The aim of the thesis is to provide theoretical and philosophical analysis of new media artworks based on the synthesis of theoretical background provided by perspectives of multiple authors. This theoretical frame, along with own practical knowledge, will be used for the analysis of selected specific new media art projects, which will provide a closer view on the contemporary computer generated artworks. The end of the thesis will be formulate thoughts about possible future developments in the field of automated creation of algorithmic art or authorship.

Lubor JENČEK: City branding krajských měst v Česku Abstract This thesis deals with city branding of Czech regional capital cities. Its goal is to compare city branding of Czech regional capital cities and reveal a functional mechanism of city branding in practice. The theoretical framework of this thesis is based on the concept of branding, which is first discussed in general and later theoretically and practically expanded. Its functions in general are discussed. In the empirical part, the main research attention is dedicated to concepts of place branding and city branding on the case of the contemporary city branding of Czech regional capital cities The thesis aims to answer six research questions divided into three thematical groups - interpretation of Czech regional capital cities' brands, motivation for their creating and use, and the ways how to manage them. Answers to these questions should reveal actual condition of Czech city branding. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used in this thesis. Data were acquired by questionnaire survey targeted at all Czech regional capital cities' representatives, and semi-structured interviews with representatives of four selected cities (Ostrava, Zlín, Plzeň and Ústí and Labem) as case studies. The results of the thesis can be applied in...

My thesis is devoted to the topic of symbols in media messages. I choose this topic mainly because I work in media communication, specifically in the field of public relations, and that is why I wanted to focus on the area that is close to me not only professionally. Symbols are one of the signs whose meaning depends on the cultural or social context and the value system. My intention is with the help of various methods of semiotic analysis to show how media messages are full of symbols and that we are often not aware of their meaning and affect on us. Media messages are all around us, and thus we are confronted with them every day. It is important to be aware of their meaning because they are part of our cultural environment and thus they affect us backward.

This work deals with the search for the possibility of fine art with the world of religions, which appears in their common language of symbols and figurative expression. These facts may subsequently be placed in religious education. Basic theoretical definition of these disciplines is devoted to the first chapter, which also suggests the principles that determine the further procedure. The second chapter is a reflection of the interdisciplinary cooperation of the social sciences, that the phenomena of religion and the arts review from their different sectoral aspects. This is in particular on the following areas: anthropology, sociology, psychology and theology. On the experience of art and religious experience, and their mutual context deals with the third chapter. In the fourth chapter of this work devoted to the question of the symbol, its potential use in religion and the arts, and also a treatise on the character in fine art and the metaphor in biblical texts.This unit is concluded by an evaluation of individual methods that can be applied when working with image in religious education. They are: Didactics of correlation, didactics of the symbol, the didactics of biblical text and an image or the interpretation of the symbol, which are supplemented by the new program "Philosophy for children". These didactic and methodological theory have been applied in the modeling design for possible application in the teaching of religion.

This dissertation thesis is focused on the research of role of symbols, especially graphic symbols (emblems, logos), in the process of region formation and in the process of shap- ing of regional identities. These aspects are studied in the context of Anssi Paasi's theory of institutionalization of region. The thesis discusses the use of symbols in the develop- ment of regions of different scales. The theoretical background of symbol research in the process of a region formation, as based on literature research, is later verified on an example of the analysis of symbols of the Liberec Region and the way they are used by various regional institutions. The Liberec Region is a suitable model area since it both represents a newly constituted region (after 2000), as well as it is already fully institution- alized. This region is also very heterogeneous from the point of view of the natural and cultural heritage. Regarding the settlement perspective, there are both areas inhabited continuously (traditional, "Czech" areas) and areas resettled after the WWII. In its first part, the thesis is devoted to evolution of regional geography. It briefly pre- sents how regional geography responded to paradigmatic changes, and how it gradually evolved into a "new" regional geography. Next, it discusses the concept...

The work describes the theoretical foundations of modern methods of creating new fonts, that is, using information technology, specifically vector programs. It also marginally shows the history of the font, Roman writing, the basic division of its compositions and describes its individual elements. The next part of the project focuses on creating digital fonts and continues with bringing it to live using algorithms and methods that can easily be processed in Matlab programming language. The method of implementation of the bringing the typeface to live is described and presentation of the generated results are then shown in few examples. Attention is also paid to the coordinates system, which is very important to solve geometric transformations, and two-dimensional vector graphics, which are widely used in the design and to render the fonts. Bézier curves and cubic Bézier curves are described in further detail along with vector graphics rasterization. One part of this text describes very important de Casteljau algorithm. The last chapter focuses on implementation in Matlab programming language, the creation of curves, that means single font characters, and the ways of how the algorithm works with transformations. Some sample images showing transformations using different input arguments are displayed in this section as well. There is evaluation of the contribution of this application and the possibilities of further expansion at the end.