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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Laser-driven molecular dynamics: an exact factorization perspective

Fiedlschuster, Tobias 19 January 2019 (has links)
We utilize the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function [Abedi et al., PRL 105 123002 (2010)] to illuminate several aspects of laser-driven molecular dynamics in intense femtosecond laser pulses. Above factorization allows for a splitting of the full molecular wave function and leads to a time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the nuclear subsystem alone which is exact in the sense that the absolute square of the corresponding, purely nuclear, wave function yields the exact nuclear N-body density of the full electron-nuclear system. As one remarkable feature, this factorization provides the exact classical force, the force which contains the highest amount of electron-nuclear correlations that can be retained in the quantum-classical limit of the electron-nuclear system. We re-evaluate the classical limit of the nuclear Schrödinger equation from the perspective of the exact factorization, and address the long-standing question of the validity of the popular quantum-classical surface hopping approach in laserdriven cases. In particular, our access to the exact classical force allows for an elaborate evaluation of the various and completely different potential energy surfaces frequently applied in surface hopping calculations. The highlight of this work consists in a generalization of the exact factorization and its application to the laser-driven molecular wave function in the Floquet picture, where the molecule and the laser form an united quantum system exhibiting its own Hilbert space. This particular factorization enables us to establish an analytic connection between the exact nuclear force and Floquet potential energy surfaces. Complementing above topics, we combine different well-known and proven methods to give a systematic study of molecular dissociation mechanisms for the complicated electric fields provided by modern attosecond laser technology.:Contents Introduction 1 The exact factorization of time-dependent wave functions 1.1 Concern and state of the art 1.2 The exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function 1.3 The generalized exact factorization 1.4 The exact factorization for coupled harmonic oscillators 1.5 The exact factorization for a single particle with spin 1.6 The exact factorization of the laser-driven electron-nuclear wave function in the Floquet picture 1.7 Summary and conclusion 2 Quantum-classical molecular dynamics from an exact factorization perspective 2.1 Concern and state of the art 2.2 The exact nuclear TDSE 2.3 The Wigner-Moyal equation for the nuclear TDSE and its classical limit 2.4 The Bohmian formulation of the nuclear TDSE and its classical limit 2.5 Comparative calculations 2.5.1 Scenario 1: stationary states 2.5.2 Scenario 2: laser-driven dynamics 2.6 Summary and conclusion 3 Surface hopping in laser-driven molecular dynamics 3.1 Concern and state of the art 3.2 Surface hopping 3.3 Quantum-classical dynamics on the EPES 3.4 The benchmark model and its potential energy surfaces 3.5 Surface hopping in laser-driven molecular dynamics 3.6 Summary and conclusion 4 Beyond the limit of the Floquet picture: molecular dissociation in few-cycle laser pulses 4.1 Concern and state of the art 4.2 Theoretical few-cycle pulses 4.3 Calculation of dissociation probabilities 4.4 Dissociation in few-cycle pulses 4.4.1 Dissociation in half-cycle pulses 4.4.2 Dissociation in few-cycle pulses 4.5 Dissociation in realistic attosecond pulses 4.6 Summary and conclusion Outlook Appendices A List of abbreviations B Numerical details C Calculating electronic observables within quantum-classical molecular dynamics D Ionization in few-cycle pulses E Modeling an optical attosecond pulse Bibliography
2

Klima- und Sedimentationsmuster des peri-tethyalen, kontinentalen Perms

Koerner, Frank 17 July 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Erarbeitung eines Referenzprofils und der ersten kompletten Klimakurve für das kontinentale Perm Europas mit Hilfe sedimentologischer, petrologischer, geochemischer und mathematischer Analysen. Obwohl das Lodève Becken im gesamten Perm im Bereich der heutigen innertropischen Konvergenzzone lag, kam es zu häufigem Wechsel zwischen feuchteren und trockeneren Klimabedingungen.
3

Klima- und Sedimentationsmuster des peri-tethyalen, kontinentalen Perms: interdisziplinäre Studien an red beds des Lodève Beckens (S-Frankreich)

Koerner, Frank 19 May 2006 (has links)
Erarbeitung eines Referenzprofils und der ersten kompletten Klimakurve für das kontinentale Perm Europas mit Hilfe sedimentologischer, petrologischer, geochemischer und mathematischer Analysen. Obwohl das Lodève Becken im gesamten Perm im Bereich der heutigen innertropischen Konvergenzzone lag, kam es zu häufigem Wechsel zwischen feuchteren und trockeneren Klimabedingungen.
4

Programmable ultrashort highly localized wave packets

Bock, Martin 01 October 2013 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept der radial nicht-oszillierenden, zeitlich stabilen ultrakurzen Bessel ähnlichen Strahlen oder "Nadelstrahlen" ("needle beams"), die zu einer Klasse von optischen hochlokalisierten Wellenpaketen generalisiert werden. Hierbei wird die Theorie über das räumlich-zeitlichen Ausbreitungsverhaltens von nicht auseinanderdriftenden Nadelstrahlen mit Pulsdauern von kleiner als 10 fs näher diskutiert. Dies wird durch eine systematische Darstellung der Methoden zur Generierung und Detektierung von lokalisierten Wellen komplettiert, die ein optischen Drehmoment tragen. Für die Erzeugung von HLWs kommen räumliche Lichtmodulatoren zum Einsatz, die ein flexibles Zuschneiden von Wellenpaketen mit der Dauer weniger Zyklen des EM-Feldes erlauben. Es wird gezeigt, dass solche optischen Pulse sich über beträchtliche Entfernungen ausbreiten, ohne dass sich dabei signifikant der Strahldurchmesser vergrößert oder der Puls zeitlich verbreitert. In variabler Weise werden verschiedene geometrische (z.B. ringförmige) Lichtverteilungen erzeugt. Anwendungspotential findet sich insbesondere in den Techniken der räumlichen Pulsformung und Diagnostik. Als besonders wichtiger Ansatz ist der Zeit-Wellenfront-Sensor zu erwähnen, welcher die nichtlineare, mehrkanalige Autokorrelation, die Wellenfrontdetektion mittels nichtdiffraktiver Teilstrahlen nach dem Shack-Hartmann-Prinzip und eine adaptive Funktionalität miteinander vorteilhaft verbindet. Das enorme Potential solcher Ansätze wird durch die hohe Genauigkeit orts-, winkel- und zeitabhängiger Rekonstruktionen der Wellenpakete nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das räumliche Kodieren und anschließende Verfolgen der Teilstrahlen eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Identifikation relevanter Parameter von Verteilungsfunktionen. Schließlich werden erste Schritte zur experimentellen Generation von optischen "light bullets" mit ganzzahligen und fraktalen orbitalen Drehmomenten präsentiert. / This thesis deals with the concept of radially non-oscillating, temporally stable ultrashort-pulsed Bessel-like beams or "needle pulses", which are an example of a highly localized wave packet (HLW). HLWs are the closest approximation of linear-optical light bullets and provide specific benefits compared to conventional Gaussian-like light bullets. The spatio-temporally nonspreading propagation behavior of few-cycle needle beams of less than 10 fs duration will be theoretically discussed in detail. An overview of the generation and detection of localized waves carrying an orbital angular momentum is also given. High fidelity spatial light modulators are used for the generation of HLWs. The flexible tailoring of few-cycle wave packets at near-infrared wavelengths is reported. It is shown that such pulses propagate over a huge depth of focus, neither significantly changing their spot size or nor the pulse duration. Variable geometrical distributions like circular disks, rings, or bars of light are shaped and exploited as building blocks for structures of higher complexity. Another section of the thesis emphasizes the numerous potential applications of related techniques for an optimized two-dimensional spatial pulse shaping and diagnostics (reduce ambiguities) based on localized waves. As a particularly important example, time-wavefront sensing is used to combine nonlinear multichannel autocorrelation with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing by means of localized sub-beams and adaptive functionality. The capabilities of such devices are illustrated by the results of angular and temporal mapping of few-cycle wave packets. Moreover, spatial encoding and subsequent tracking of individual sub-beams, even at incident angles of up to 50°, enables to significantly improve the spot recognition. Finally, first steps towards the generation of optical light bullets carrying integer or non-integer orbital angular momenta are presented.

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