位於北歐的瑞典以完善的社會福利制度與開放包容的形象所聞名於世，故自二戰以來，便持續地吸引著外來移民向瑞典移入。瑞典分別於1995年加入歐盟與2001年加入申根區，在人民有自由移動權利之歐盟原則與開放國界邊境之《申根公約》的情況下，瑞典將必須面對更多的外來移民。2010年，阿拉伯之春爆發，中東地區的動亂導致每年向歐洲國家尋求庇護的難民持續地增加，並因此形成了歐洲難民危機，若以2016年難民獲准庇護的人數並透過各國總人口之人均比例加以觀察，瑞典乃位居各成員國之冠。直至今日，在瑞典全國具有外國背景之人口已約占總人口五分之一，惟如此眾多的外來移民能否順利地融入瑞典社會與當地人民能否接納外來移民，這都將會是個很重要的課題與挑戰。
本研究以多元文化主義為研究途徑。多元文化主義強調在一個國家或社會內部中的各類民族或族群應能保留其獨特的文化特色，而彼此之間乃立基於平等的立場，相互尊重與和諧共處，其不僅僅是一種理念，同時也是國家或政府對於國內少數族群的具體政策執行。故本文即透過多元文化主義的觀點來探討瑞典的移民政策有何特色，而能夠促使外來移民向瑞典產生移民的行為。最後，本研究發現瑞典的移民政策於二戰以來至2016年為止，在以追求多元文化主義為理想之下，並未有劇烈性的變革，且若依瑞典國內政治與社會對於外來移民的態度而言，其政策方針與執行規劃乃是優於其他歐盟成員國的。 / Located in northern Europe, Sweden is known for its impeccable social welfare system and an open and inclusive image, so it has been attracting immigrants to Sweden since World War II. Sweden joined the EU and the Schengen Area in 1995 and 2001 respectively. Under the EU principles that people have the right to be free to move and the Schengen Convention that led to the removal of border controls between countries, Sweden will have to face more immigrants. In 2010, the Arab Spring outbreak that the turmoil in the Middle East resulted in more and more asylum seekers in European countries, and thus forming a European refugee crisis. On a per capita basis of the total population of countries, Sweden has taken in far more refugees granted asylum status in the member states of the EU. Until today, the population with a foreign background has accounted for about 1/5 of the total population in Sweden, but it will be a very important task and challenge whether so many immigrants can smoothly be involved in the Swedish society and local people can accept immigrants.
This study takes multiculturalism as the research approach. Multiculturalism emphasizes that various nationalities or ethnic groups should be in a position to retain their unique cultural characteristics in a country or society and they are based on the position of equality, mutual respect and harmony. It is not just a concept, but also the specific executive policy of the national or government for ethnic minorities. Therefore, this thesis attempts to explore the characteristics of Swedish immigration policy to promote immigrants to Sweden through multiculturalism. Finally, this study finds that Swedish immigration policy has not a drastic change between the Second World War and 2016 in the pursuit of multiculturalism as the ideal. And according to the Swedish domestic political situation and social attitudes to immigration, its policy and implementation plan is better than any member state of the EU.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G1032610231 |
| Creators | 洪敬峯, Hong, Jing Fong |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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