中國人民自明末清初，開始大量的移民海外。就時間序列來說，先後有漳泉後有客家移民、國民政府播牽來台等，臺灣人口有移出，也有人口移入。最近十餘年來，則有大量的外籍及大陸移民經由婚姻移民大量移入臺灣。但卻一直沒有明確的移民政策，當然就沒有完整的移民法。跨國移民或婚姻移民，是中華民國近年來極為重要的一個社會現象。就移入者的結構與性質、移民的權責機關及法令規定來說明，政府的政策上希望導向的高科技或投資移民，政策及法令上有無開放，因此，儘速擬定完善的移民政策與移民法，是刻不容緩的。政府雖見於移民問題的複雜化與嚴重性，所草擬「外籍與大陸配偶照顧輔導措施」，及「中華民國移民政策綱領」，並積極修正「入出國及移民法」，希望藉此解決我國的移民所衍生的問題。但對移民的接納、安置、輔導、教育、監控外來移民，甚至移民的犯罪、社會治安甚至國家安全等問題究竟如何，正是最急迫需要探討的。政府遲未研擬訂完整的移民政策及相關配套措施，亦無一套針對管理或融合外籍人士的政策，甚至缺乏統合協調之機制，如何成立一個「專責移民機構」，在兼顧保護移民權益及國家安全的專責機關，並參考其他先進國家之移民政策與相關問題之解決方式，以吸引與留住更多人才，並協助移入者迅速融入我國社會，提昇國家競爭力，無疑是我國當務之急 。 本論文共分五章，茲將其內容分述如下： 一、第一章為導論，主要說明本文的研究動機與目的，相關文獻探討、研究範圍與限制、研究方法與論文架構等。 二、第二章探討國際移民的趨勢及政策，先以國際移民的發展與趨勢說明接納移民對國際社會的意義，進而對移入國的影響，並探討世界主要國家接納移民之政策之探討。 三、第三章探討中華民國移民接納政策之沿革，首先以臺灣人口移入的歷史回顧，進而討論移民政策之權責機關及相關法規、移民種類與配額至移民歸化，並最後討論移民之發展數量、原因及重要性。 四、第四章對移民及其衍生問題之探討，先以移民與非傳統安全威脅，討論婚姻移民權益(或歧視)問題、大陸及外籍配偶移入管理規範及移入配偶輔導與教育之探討，最後則討論移民專責機構之成立。 五、第五章結論探討中華民國有無符合國際潮流及國內需求之移民政策，並提出研究發現與建議，以提供政府於修訂移民政策之建議。 關鍵詞：移民政策、國際移民、接納移民、婚姻移民

位於北歐的瑞典以完善的社會福利制度與開放包容的形象所聞名於世，故自二戰以來，便持續地吸引著外來移民向瑞典移入。瑞典分別於1995年加入歐盟與2001年加入申根區，在人民有自由移動權利之歐盟原則與開放國界邊境之《申根公約》的情況下，瑞典將必須面對更多的外來移民。2010年，阿拉伯之春爆發，中東地區的動亂導致每年向歐洲國家尋求庇護的難民持續地增加，並因此形成了歐洲難民危機，若以2016年難民獲准庇護的人數並透過各國總人口之人均比例加以觀察，瑞典乃位居各成員國之冠。直至今日，在瑞典全國具有外國背景之人口已約占總人口五分之一，惟如此眾多的外來移民能否順利地融入瑞典社會與當地人民能否接納外來移民，這都將會是個很重要的課題與挑戰。 本研究以多元文化主義為研究途徑。多元文化主義強調在一個國家或社會內部中的各類民族或族群應能保留其獨特的文化特色，而彼此之間乃立基於平等的立場，相互尊重與和諧共處，其不僅僅是一種理念，同時也是國家或政府對於國內少數族群的具體政策執行。故本文即透過多元文化主義的觀點來探討瑞典的移民政策有何特色，而能夠促使外來移民向瑞典產生移民的行為。最後，本研究發現瑞典的移民政策於二戰以來至2016年為止，在以追求多元文化主義為理想之下，並未有劇烈性的變革，且若依瑞典國內政治與社會對於外來移民的態度而言，其政策方針與執行規劃乃是優於其他歐盟成員國的。 / Located in northern Europe, Sweden is known for its impeccable social welfare system and an open and inclusive image, so it has been attracting immigrants to Sweden since World War II. Sweden joined the EU and the Schengen Area in 1995 and 2001 respectively. Under the EU principles that people have the right to be free to move and the Schengen Convention that led to the removal of border controls between countries, Sweden will have to face more immigrants. In 2010, the Arab Spring outbreak that the turmoil in the Middle East resulted in more and more asylum seekers in European countries, and thus forming a European refugee crisis. On a per capita basis of the total population of countries, Sweden has taken in far more refugees granted asylum status in the member states of the EU. Until today, the population with a foreign background has accounted for about 1/5 of the total population in Sweden, but it will be a very important task and challenge whether so many immigrants can smoothly be involved in the Swedish society and local people can accept immigrants. This study takes multiculturalism as the research approach. Multiculturalism emphasizes that various nationalities or ethnic groups should be in a position to retain their unique cultural characteristics in a country or society and they are based on the position of equality, mutual respect and harmony. It is not just a concept, but also the specific executive policy of the national or government for ethnic minorities. Therefore, this thesis attempts to explore the characteristics of Swedish immigration policy to promote immigrants to Sweden through multiculturalism. Finally, this study finds that Swedish immigration policy has not a drastic change between the Second World War and 2016 in the pursuit of multiculturalism as the ideal. And according to the Swedish domestic political situation and social attitudes to immigration, its policy and implementation plan is better than any member state of the EU.

Migration has been a globally prevailing phenomenon through human history, which urges multilateral activities and prompts diverse concerns among sourcing and receiving nations in different arena simultaneously. Marriage migration is one of the common migratory patterns; wherein women constitute the main part of marriage migrants as dependents proportionately. The female marriage migrants and their economic plights are the target of this study. Three aims of this study are to examine the status of marriage migrants; to discover marriage migrants’ influence; and to analyze marriage migrants’ economic predicaments and propose suggestions for the government and further study. Aside from secondary data analysis and the vertical and parallel comparison, two additional analytic tools are used to elicit effects of migrants’ employment and estimate causes and strategies of migrants’ economic predicaments. The conclusions are that the source of marriage migrants are women from less- developed nations; the transnational marriage is generally poverty combination in Taiwan; the possibility to ease economic plight depends on the job supply and access; marriage migrants entering employment benefits on mixed families; the variables of marriage migrants’ labor participation are multiple; and the opportunity to have a new and better life attracts women to migrate via marriage. In addition, several suggestions are proposed for further researchers: to refine the variables analysis method for marriage migrants’ labor participation; to study marriage migrants’ post- employment situation; and to emphasize migration forced by global warming and climate change. For the government, the suggestions are: to list migrant employment promotion programs on policy agenda and to make professional training channels and job supply more accessible and affordable for migrants.