Optical tweezers are a sensitive position and force transducer widely employed in physics and biology. In a focussed laser, forces due to radiation pressure enable to trap and manipulate small dielectric particles used as probes for various experiments. For sensitive biophysical measurements, microspheres are often used as a handle for the molecule of interest. The force range of optical traps well covers the piconewton forces generated by individual biomolecules such as kinesin molecular motors. However, cellular processes are often driven by ensembles of molecular machines generating forces exceeding a nanonewton and thus the capabilities of optical tweezers. In this thesis I focused, fifirst, on extending the force range of optical tweezers by improving the trapping e fficiency of the probes and, second, on applying the optical tweezers technology to understand the mechanics of molecular motors. I designed and fabricated photonically-structured probes: Anti-reflection-coated, high-refractive-index, core-shell particles composed of titania. With these probes, I significantly increased the maximum optical force beyond a nanonewton. These particles open up new research possibilities in both biology and physics, for example, to measure hydrodynamic resonances associated with the colored nature of the noise of Brownian motion. With respect to biophysical applications, I used the optical tweezers to study the mechanics of single kinesin-8. Kinesin-8 has been shown to be a very processive, plus-end directed microtubule depolymerase. The underlying mechanism for the high processivity and how stepping is affected by force is unclear. Therefore, I tracked the motion of yeast (Kip3) and human (Kif18A) kinesin-8s with high precision under varying loads. We found that kinesin-8 is a low-force motor protein, which stalled at loads of only 1 pN. In addition, we discovered a force-induced stick-slip motion, which may be an adaptation for the high processivity. Further improvement in optical tweezers probes and the instrument will broaden the scope of feasible optical trapping experiments in the future.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa.de:bsz:14-qucosa-103696 |
| Date | 23 November 2017 |
| Creators | Jannasch, Anita |
| Contributors | Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Prof. Jonathon Howard, Prof. Dr. Erik Schäffer, Prof. Jonathon Howard, Prof. Dr. Stefan Diez |
| Publisher | Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | doc-type:doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
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