CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente Tese insere-se na Linha Marxismo, EducaÃÃo e Luta de Classes do Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em
EducaÃÃo Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, outrossim, integra as produÃÃes do Grupo de
Pesquisa Trabalho, EducaÃÃo e Luta de Classes abrigado no Instituto de Estudos e Pesquisas do Movimento
OperÃrio - IMO da Universidade Estadual do Cearà - UECE. Elegemos como objeto de estudo a formaÃÃo dos
trabalhadores na esfera do Movimento OperÃrio (urbano), tentando avaliar, mais precisamente, como este tem
enfrentado, historicamente, a problemÃtica questÃo das relaÃÃes entre formaÃÃo escolar e formaÃÃo polÃticoideolÃgica.
O interesse pelo tema està relacionado à experiÃncia de dez anos, como pesquisadora/colaboradora,
junto ao IMO, ao longo de cujo perÃodo, vimos participando de um conjunto significativo de pesquisas, as
quais, em consonÃncia com a orientaÃÃo formativa adotada por esse Instituto, apÃiam-se, explicitamente no
referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico indicado por Marx, e na esteira deste, nas elaboraÃÃes de LukÃcs, Gramsci,
MÃszÃros, dentre outros. A rica experiÃncia de estudos e pesquisas deixou-nos como heranÃa para o doutorado o
interesse de investigar os antecedentes histÃricos da atual polÃtica de formaÃÃo sindical vigente no paÃs, centrada
na educaÃÃo escolar, ainda que tente, em tese, associÃ-la à formaÃÃo polÃtico-sindical â esta Ãltima, vale
ressaltar, distanciada do referencial classista. Cumpre-nos asseverar que a presente elaboraÃÃo insere-se na
interseÃÃo de trÃs grandes Ãreas do conhecimento, quais sejam: HistÃria, EducaÃÃo e Sociologia do Trabalho,
encarnado, fundamentalmente, como uma pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, apoiada de maneira pontual numa rarefeita
pesquisa empÃrica. A Tese està dividida em trÃs capÃtulos: O primeiro apresenta, inicialmente, uma rÃpida
contextualizaÃÃo da Primeira RepÃblica brasileira, dando relevo aos fatos mais marcantes, em seguida traÃa uma
densa sÃntese da histÃria do movimento operÃrio brasileiro circunscrita ao perÃodo em estudo e, por Ãltimo,
conferi o mesmo tratamento à histÃria do movimento operÃrio cearense; o segundo capÃtulo esboÃa uma
necessÃria recuperaÃÃo da histÃria da educaÃÃo na Primeira RepÃblica em Ãmbito nacional, apresentando as
principais propostas educacionais formuladas pelo movimento operÃrio brasileiro; e o terceiro capÃtulo recupera
o quadro educacional do Cearà da Primeira RepÃblica, delineando ao final as propostas formativas efetivadas
pelo movimento operÃrio cearense. Ã guisa de consideraÃÃes, diante dos resultados trazidos pela pesquisa,
defendemos a tese de que desde os seus primÃrdios o Movimento OperÃrio Brasileiro e, de forma particular, o
Cearense, manifestou uma contÃnua preocupaÃÃo com a questÃo educacional dos trabalhadores, numa clara
expressÃo da defesa do conhecimento contra as trevas da ignorÃncia. Contudo, vale observar que o horizonte
polÃtico adotado pelas diversas correntes que compuseram o Movimento OperÃrio da Primeira RepÃblica sÃo
definidores dos seus projetos pedagÃgicos, de modo que a concepÃÃo educacional adotada pelos socialistas (a
despeito da sua versÃo reformista), anarquistas e comunistas constituiu-se frontalmente oposta Ãquelas adotadas
pelas forÃas movidas por valores conservadores vinculados a MaÃonaria e a Igreja CatÃlica. Assim, se para o
primeiro grupo a educaÃÃo à concebida como um instrumento de elevaÃÃo das consciÃncias embotadas pelas
mistificaÃÃes do capital; para o segundo grupo assume a forma apenas de ascensÃo social ou, o que à mais
grave, encarna a feiÃÃo de controle social. Bem como se o primeiro grupo nÃo expressou significativa
preocupaÃÃo com a formaÃÃo profissional, isto Ã, a formaÃÃo para o mercado; o segundo dirigiu considerÃvel
parte dos seus investimentos para isto. Em uma frase: os trabalhadores sempre abominaram a ignorÃncia e
lutaram tenazmente para instruir-se! / The present thesis comes under the heading âMarxism, Education and Class Struggleâ of the postgraduate
program in Brazilian Education at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC) and is an integral part of the
production of the research group âWork, Education and Class Struggleâ from the Institute of Study and Research
on the Workersâ Movement (IMO) at the Cearà State University (UECE). The objective of the study was to
clarify relations between formal schooling and political education within the workersâ movement, particularly in
the urban setting. The study assesses how the workersâ movement has historically dealt with the problematic of
the relation between formal schooling and political-ideological education. Our interest in the subject stems from
our experience as a researcher/collaborator with the workersâ movement during ten years, participating in a
considerable amount of research work based on the theory and methodology proposed by Marx, in accordance
with the orientation of the IMO, along with the works of thinkers such as LukÃcs, Gramsci and MÃszÃros. Our
extensive research work led us to investigate the development of the educational policies of the Brazilian trade
unions. These policies are based on formal schooling and only theoretically associated with non-class struggleoriented
political-ideological education. The study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on History,
Education and Sociology of Work, supported by selected empirical findings. The first of the thesisâ three
chapters lays the foundation of the work through a synthesis of the history of the workersâ movement at
international, national and local level. The terms used in the debate on class struggle become the basic elements
in the construction of the argument in accordance with the projectÂs theoretical framework. MarxÂs concepts of
class and class-consciousness are briefly described along with an overview of the early days of the international
workersâ movement. Upon this groundwork the First Brazilian Republic is introduced, followed by an account of
the composition and organization of the working classes in Brazil and in CearÃ. In the second chapter the
educational panorama during the First Brazilian Republic is described in detail, beginning with the basic
structure of the educational system of the period. Reformations and major pedagogic currents are then outlined,
followed by an analysis of the relation between the workersâ movement and workersâ formal schooling. The
third chapter looks into the history of formal education in Cearà during the First Brazilian Republic, comparing
the public school system with the educational projects proposed by the workersâ movement. The author shows
how the workersâ movement in Brazil, and especially in CearÃ, has always been concerned with workersâ formal
education, considering knowledge âa defense against the darkness of ignoranceâ. However, differences in the
political outlook of different factions within the workersâ movement during the First Brazilian Republic have left
their imprint on pedagogic projects. Thus, the educational concepts of socialists (inspite of their moderatism),
anarchists and communists, on one side, and of conservative institutions such as Masonry and the Catholic
Church, on the other, were diametrically opposed in that for the former group education was seen as an
instrument for freeing workersâ of the mystifications of capital, while for the latter group it was merely a means
of social mobility or, even worse, of social control. Unlike the conservative factions, the former group did not
focus on job and market-oriented schooling. In short, it may be said that the working classes have always
abhorred ignorance and fought tenaciously to acquire knowledge. It is our hope that this modest, though honest
and carefully researched study may help recover the history of the workersâ movement in Brazil and Cearà at a
time when the subject is receiving very little attention and the Left is going through worldwide crisis and
demobilization. More than ever, the twenty-first century calls for an urgent and indispensable retake of the
workersâ revolutionary project, promoting the struggle for a society freed from the slavery of work for the sake
of capital, and making a society of free men possible in which the human race can develop without limits.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:2419 |
| Date | 01 April 2009 |
| Creators | Cristiane PorfÃrio de Oliveira do Rio |
| Contributors | Maria Susana Vasconcelos Jimenez, Josefa Jackline Rabelo, LuÃs TÃvora Furtado Ribeiro, Edilene Teresinha Toledo, Frederico Jorge Ferreira Costa |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em EducaÃÃo, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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