nÃo hà / Esta tese discute a problemÃtica patrimonial/ambiental, a partir dos desafios socioeducacionais inerentes à conservaÃÃo e sustentabilidade do patrimÃnio ambiental lacustre de Fortaleza. Toma como objeto empÃrico quatro lagoas urbanas: Precabura, Porangabussu, Messejana e Parangaba e as unidades escolares mais prÃximas a estes sÃtios lacustres. O objetivo à analisar as formas pelas quais a temÃtica patrimonial ambiental urbana à promovida na educaÃÃo escolar a fim de avaliar em que medida as aÃÃes e projetos educativos incorporam as representaÃÃes, valores e prÃticas cotidianas que os grupos sociais escolares e circunvizinhos expressam em relaÃÃo aos patrimÃnios ambientais representados pelos bens lacustres. A abordagem à conduzida por um referencial teÃrico amparado no diÃlogo entre os diversos conhecimentos disciplinares, notadamente, a Geografia, a HistÃria, a Sociologia, a Filosofia e a Psicologia Social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na Teoria das RepresentaÃÃes Sociais e sua abordagem estrutural, a Teoria do NÃcleo Central. Apoia-se na discussÃo sobre as questÃes ambiental e patrimonial, as representaÃÃes sociais, a paisagem e a afetividade. Subsidiam a discussÃo aqui empreendida, os autores: Augustin Berque, Christian Oliveira, Claire Damery, FranÃoise Choay, Dominique Poulot, Henri-Pierre Jeudy, Jean-Marc Besse, JÃngen Habermas, Maria Gravari-Barbas, Michel Rautenberg, Serge Moscovici e Simone Scifone, dentre outros. Como resultado, o estudo evidencia a ausÃncia de um projeto educacional que concilie as questÃes ambientais e patrimoniais numa abordagem pautada pelos valores socioculturais expressos nas representaÃÃes dos grupos sociais escolares e residentes no entorno dos sÃtios lacustres. O modelo educacional escolar ignora o potencial comunicacional e de formaÃÃo ambiental/patrimonial dessas paisagens-ambiÃncias. Este fato coopera para a manutenÃÃo e o agravamento da condiÃÃo de insustentabilidade que caracteriza o patrimÃnio ambiental lacustre de Fortaleza. Portanto, à necessÃrio, que a comunidade escolar assuma efetivamente a funÃÃo de mediadora no processo de reconhecimento, valorizaÃÃo, conservaÃÃo e fruiÃÃo do patrimÃnio ambiental. Para tanto, à necessÃrio investir em estratÃgias educativas que superem a abordagem ambiental/patrimonial generalizante do discurso ecossistÃmico-midiÃtico e privilegiar as representaÃÃes sociais que as comunidades tÃm em relaÃÃo aos bens ambientais patrimoniais dispostos no seu lugar. / This thesis discusses the environmental issues, from social and educational challenges of sustainability and conservation of urban lagoons as environmental heritage in the city of Fortaleza, city located in the state of Cearà - Brazil. It takes as empirical object four lagoons named Precabura, Porangabussu, Messejana, Parangaba and the school units that are closer to these lacustrine sites. The objective is to examine the ways in which urban environmental heritage issue in education is promoted in order to assess the extent the actions and educational projects incorporate representations, values and everyday practices that school groups and population that surround them express their relationship to the environmental heritages. The theoretical framework supports dialogue among distinct forms of disciplinary knowledge, notably, Geography, History, Sociology, Philosophy, and Social Psychology. This is a qualitative research anchored in the social representations theory and its structural approach, the Central Nucleus Theory (CNT). The thesis relies on the discussion of the environmental and heritage issues, social representations, landscape and affection. The authors that subsidize the analysis are: Augustin Berque, Christian Oliveira, Claire Damery, FranÃoise Choay, Dominique Poulot, Henri-Pierre Jeudy, Jean-Marc Besse, Jungen Habermas, Maria Gravari-Barbas, Michel Rautenberg, Serge Moscovici and Simone Scifone, among others. The study highlights the absence of an educational project that reconciles environmental and heritage issues that consider a sociocultural approach guided by human values expressed in the representations of the school community and residents who live near the lacustrine sites. The model of current school education ignores the power of communication and the environmental heritage awareness of these paisagens-ambiÃncias. This actually works for the maintenance and the worsening condition of unsustainability that characterizes the lagoons that are natural and environmental heritage of Fortaleza. Therefore, it is imperative that the school community effectively assume its role as a mediator in the recognition, appreciation, enjoyment and conservation of environmental heritage process. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to invest in educational strategies that overcome the far-reaching environmental / heritage approach publicized and widespread by the media-ecosystem speech and privilege the social representations that communities have in relation to their environmental goods.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente Tese insere-se na Linha Marxismo, EducaÃÃo e Luta de Classes do Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em EducaÃÃo Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, outrossim, integra as produÃÃes do Grupo de Pesquisa Trabalho, EducaÃÃo e Luta de Classes abrigado no Instituto de Estudos e Pesquisas do Movimento OperÃrio - IMO da Universidade Estadual do Cearà - UECE. Elegemos como objeto de estudo a formaÃÃo dos trabalhadores na esfera do Movimento OperÃrio (urbano), tentando avaliar, mais precisamente, como este tem enfrentado, historicamente, a problemÃtica questÃo das relaÃÃes entre formaÃÃo escolar e formaÃÃo polÃticoideolÃgica. O interesse pelo tema està relacionado à experiÃncia de dez anos, como pesquisadora/colaboradora, junto ao IMO, ao longo de cujo perÃodo, vimos participando de um conjunto significativo de pesquisas, as quais, em consonÃncia com a orientaÃÃo formativa adotada por esse Instituto, apÃiam-se, explicitamente no referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico indicado por Marx, e na esteira deste, nas elaboraÃÃes de LukÃcs, Gramsci, MÃszÃros, dentre outros. A rica experiÃncia de estudos e pesquisas deixou-nos como heranÃa para o doutorado o interesse de investigar os antecedentes histÃricos da atual polÃtica de formaÃÃo sindical vigente no paÃs, centrada na educaÃÃo escolar, ainda que tente, em tese, associÃ-la à formaÃÃo polÃtico-sindical â esta Ãltima, vale ressaltar, distanciada do referencial classista. Cumpre-nos asseverar que a presente elaboraÃÃo insere-se na interseÃÃo de trÃs grandes Ãreas do conhecimento, quais sejam: HistÃria, EducaÃÃo e Sociologia do Trabalho, encarnado, fundamentalmente, como uma pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, apoiada de maneira pontual numa rarefeita pesquisa empÃrica. A Tese està dividida em trÃs capÃtulos: O primeiro apresenta, inicialmente, uma rÃpida contextualizaÃÃo da Primeira RepÃblica brasileira, dando relevo aos fatos mais marcantes, em seguida traÃa uma densa sÃntese da histÃria do movimento operÃrio brasileiro circunscrita ao perÃodo em estudo e, por Ãltimo, conferi o mesmo tratamento à histÃria do movimento operÃrio cearense; o segundo capÃtulo esboÃa uma necessÃria recuperaÃÃo da histÃria da educaÃÃo na Primeira RepÃblica em Ãmbito nacional, apresentando as principais propostas educacionais formuladas pelo movimento operÃrio brasileiro; e o terceiro capÃtulo recupera o quadro educacional do Cearà da Primeira RepÃblica, delineando ao final as propostas formativas efetivadas pelo movimento operÃrio cearense. à guisa de consideraÃÃes, diante dos resultados trazidos pela pesquisa, defendemos a tese de que desde os seus primÃrdios o Movimento OperÃrio Brasileiro e, de forma particular, o Cearense, manifestou uma contÃnua preocupaÃÃo com a questÃo educacional dos trabalhadores, numa clara expressÃo da defesa do conhecimento contra as trevas da ignorÃncia. Contudo, vale observar que o horizonte polÃtico adotado pelas diversas correntes que compuseram o Movimento OperÃrio da Primeira RepÃblica sÃo definidores dos seus projetos pedagÃgicos, de modo que a concepÃÃo educacional adotada pelos socialistas (a despeito da sua versÃo reformista), anarquistas e comunistas constituiu-se frontalmente oposta Ãquelas adotadas pelas forÃas movidas por valores conservadores vinculados a MaÃonaria e a Igreja CatÃlica. Assim, se para o primeiro grupo a educaÃÃo à concebida como um instrumento de elevaÃÃo das consciÃncias embotadas pelas mistificaÃÃes do capital; para o segundo grupo assume a forma apenas de ascensÃo social ou, o que à mais grave, encarna a feiÃÃo de controle social. Bem como se o primeiro grupo nÃo expressou significativa preocupaÃÃo com a formaÃÃo profissional, isto Ã, a formaÃÃo para o mercado; o segundo dirigiu considerÃvel parte dos seus investimentos para isto. Em uma frase: os trabalhadores sempre abominaram a ignorÃncia e lutaram tenazmente para instruir-se! / The present thesis comes under the heading âMarxism, Education and Class Struggleâ of the postgraduate program in Brazilian Education at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC) and is an integral part of the production of the research group âWork, Education and Class Struggleâ from the Institute of Study and Research on the Workersâ Movement (IMO) at the Cearà State University (UECE). The objective of the study was to clarify relations between formal schooling and political education within the workersâ movement, particularly in the urban setting. The study assesses how the workersâ movement has historically dealt with the problematic of the relation between formal schooling and political-ideological education. Our interest in the subject stems from our experience as a researcher/collaborator with the workersâ movement during ten years, participating in a considerable amount of research work based on the theory and methodology proposed by Marx, in accordance with the orientation of the IMO, along with the works of thinkers such as LukÃcs, Gramsci and MÃszÃros. Our extensive research work led us to investigate the development of the educational policies of the Brazilian trade unions. These policies are based on formal schooling and only theoretically associated with non-class struggleoriented political-ideological education. The study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on History, Education and Sociology of Work, supported by selected empirical findings. The first of the thesisâ three chapters lays the foundation of the work through a synthesis of the history of the workersâ movement at international, national and local level. The terms used in the debate on class struggle become the basic elements in the construction of the argument in accordance with the projectÂs theoretical framework. MarxÂs concepts of class and class-consciousness are briefly described along with an overview of the early days of the international workersâ movement. Upon this groundwork the First Brazilian Republic is introduced, followed by an account of the composition and organization of the working classes in Brazil and in CearÃ. In the second chapter the educational panorama during the First Brazilian Republic is described in detail, beginning with the basic structure of the educational system of the period. Reformations and major pedagogic currents are then outlined, followed by an analysis of the relation between the workersâ movement and workersâ formal schooling. The third chapter looks into the history of formal education in Cearà during the First Brazilian Republic, comparing the public school system with the educational projects proposed by the workersâ movement. The author shows how the workersâ movement in Brazil, and especially in CearÃ, has always been concerned with workersâ formal education, considering knowledge âa defense against the darkness of ignoranceâ. However, differences in the political outlook of different factions within the workersâ movement during the First Brazilian Republic have left their imprint on pedagogic projects. Thus, the educational concepts of socialists (inspite of their moderatism), anarchists and communists, on one side, and of conservative institutions such as Masonry and the Catholic Church, on the other, were diametrically opposed in that for the former group education was seen as an instrument for freeing workersâ of the mystifications of capital, while for the latter group it was merely a means of social mobility or, even worse, of social control. Unlike the conservative factions, the former group did not focus on job and market-oriented schooling. In short, it may be said that the working classes have always abhorred ignorance and fought tenaciously to acquire knowledge. It is our hope that this modest, though honest and carefully researched study may help recover the history of the workersâ movement in Brazil and Cearà at a time when the subject is receiving very little attention and the Left is going through worldwide crisis and demobilization. More than ever, the twenty-first century calls for an urgent and indispensable retake of the workersâ revolutionary project, promoting the struggle for a society freed from the slavery of work for the sake of capital, and making a society of free men possible in which the human race can develop without limits.