<p>Although radio repeaters and wireless routers are commonly used, relaying techniques have received a lot of attention in academic publications the last decade. Most of the techniques proposed in the literature are based on relaying terminals. For instance groups of mobile terminals cooperate so as to jointly communicate with an access point, or to another group of mobiles in an (infrastructure-less) mobile ad-hoc network MANET. However, it has also been suggested that these techniques can be applied to hybrid cellular-relaying architecture with fixed relays and that this would reduce the infrastructure costs.</p><p>The literature shows that the coverage or capacity of a cellular network is enhanced when using relays. A common assumption in these studies is that relays are very low cost, but little attention has been given to <i>how</i> <i>cheap</i> these relays need to be in order for the technical enhancements to translate into an economic gain. It is not obvious that the techniques proposed for mobile relaying are economically feasible when applied to fixed relays.</p><p>This thesis examines the conditions under which large scale usage of fixed relays leads to lower infrastructure cost than in a purely cellular architecture, how large the benefits of these new techniques are, compared with existing repeater/router techniques, and how sensitive the results are to traditional network design parameters.</p><p>The analysis is done by means of several study cases in which coverage should be provided for broadband services by building a network from scratch. The results are expressed in terms of how cheap a relay must be with respect to a base station's cost so that the hybrid infrastructure provides the desired service at a lower cost. If in practice this relative relay cost is much lower, then high economic gains are expected.</p><p>None of the study cases considered yield substantial cost savings when using fixed relays on a large scale. When access points are placed as high as in a cellular network, the hybrid system is feasible only if the total relay cost is 3-20% of the total base station cost. When unplanned relay deployment is used, the impact of the antenna height and/or gain on the results is much greater than the particular type of amplify-and-forward relaying scheme. Planned deployment of a few relays should be used unless the cost of planning is 1-2 times larger than all the other relay costs. A proper trade-off between route-length and how tight the radio channel can be reused is essential for the feasibility of the hybrid system. The results confirm that the planned usage of few relays together with macro-like base stations is an efficient way of providing coverage. Analysis of other scenarios, such as the use of pico base stations for coverage, is left for further studies.</p>

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1999--Aachen.

Motivés par la demande croissante de services de santé améliorés et à distance, qui tend à augmenter notamment avec une population de plus en plus âgée, et la réduction du coût de l'utilisation des infrastructures réseaux, afin d'assurer des applications de santé temps-réel et à faible débit de données, les réseaux de capteurs médicaux sans fil (WBANs) forment encore un domaine de recherche en forte croissance, notamment avec le développement de WBANs coopératifs. Dans ce contexte, en utilisant les utilisateurs du réseau eux-mêmes en tant que relais on pourrait étendre les infrastructures réseaux existantes, tout en améliorant la capacité du réseau et optimisant l'utilisation du spectre radio. Ainsi, les opérateurs réseaux, qui planifient déjà pour l'intégration de l'internet des objets (IoT) et l'informatique en nuage (cloud), devraient aussi penser à créer un nouveau type de réseau ad hoc mobile, où les utilisateurs du réseau sont utilisés comme des stations de base ad hoc simplifiées, afin de partager l'information en temps-réel entre des personnes colocalisées portant des capteurs corporels. Ce nouveau type de réseau est appelé réseau corporel sans fil (BBN: Body-to-Body Network). Dans un BBN, un appareil radio, collecte les données des nœuds capteurs attachés ou portés par une personne, et les transmet à un appareil récepteur situé sur une autre personne du voisinage, afin d'être traitées ou retransmises à d'autres utilisateurs du BBN. le BBN peut trouver des applications dans divers domaines tels que la santé, les sports d'équipe, le militaire, les divertissements, ainsi que des expériences passionnantes des réseaux sociaux. Fonctionnant dans la bande Industrielle, Scientifique et Médicale (ISM), les liaisons de communication dans un BBN seront très sensibles aux interférences entre les différentes technologies qui partagent le spectre radio limité. Ainsi, l'interférence entre ces technologies devient une préoccupation importante pour la conception de protocoles pour l'utilisateur final du BBN. À ce jour, très peu d'études existent, qui effectuent une analyse en profondeur de ce type de scénario implicant le corps humain dans des communications radio. Le problème d'interférence dans un tel système distribué, doit être abordé avec des mécanismes distribués, tels que la théorie des jeux. Les décideurs dans le jeu sont soit les WBANs formant le BBN ou les opérateurs de réseaux qui contrôlent les dispositifs de communication inter-WBAN. Ces dispositifs doivent faire face à des ressources de transmission limitées (bande ISM) ce qui donne lieu à des conflits d'intérêts. Cette thèse vise à explorer les opportunités pour permettre des communications inter-WBANs en assurant le partage du spectre radio par le biais de deux approches. D'abord, l'atténuation des interférences mutuelles et croisées, et par la conception d'un protocole de routage spécifique BBN utilisé dans une application de contrôle de l'expansion d'une épidémie dans les zones de rassemblement de masse, tels que les aéroports. Dans un premier volet, une approche basée sur la théorie des jeux est proposée pour résoudre le problème d'interférence distribué dans les BBNs. Le jeu d'atténuation des interférences socialement conscient des intérêts de la collectivité (SIM) a une double tâche: à l'échelle WBAN, il alloue des canaux ZigBee aux capteurs corporels pour la collecte intra-WBAN des données, et à l'échelle BBN, il alloue les canaux WiFi aux appareils mobiles pour la transmission et le relais des données inter-WBANs. Deux algorithmes, BR-SIM et SORT-SIM, ont été développés pour rechercher les points d'équilibre de Nash du jeu SIM. Le premier (BR-SIM) assure les solutions de meilleure réponse (Best-response) tandis que le second (SORT-SIM) tente d'obtenir un compromis entre des solutions quasi-optimales et un temps de convergence réduit. (...) / Motivated by the rising demand for remote and improved healthcare, while decreasing the cost of using network infrastructures to ensure time and data rate-constrained applications, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) still form a strongly growing research field. Besides, engineers and researchers are investigating new solutions to supplement mobile communications through developing opportunities for cooperative WBANs. In this context, using network users themselves as relays could complement and extend existing infrastructure networks, while improving network capacity and promoting radio spectrum usage. Yet, network operators, that are already planning for the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies integration, should also think about this new possibility of creating a new type of mobile ad hoc network, where network users themselves are used as simplified ad hoc base stations, to fulfill the desire of sharing real-time information between colocated persons carrying body sensors. This emerging type of network is called Body-to-Body Network (BBN). In a BBN, a radio device situated on one person gathers the sensor data from the sensor nodes worn by that person, and transmit them to a transceiver situated on another person in the nearby area, in order to be processed or relayed to other BBN users. BBNs can find applications in a range of areas such as healthcare, team sports, military, entertainment, as well as exciting social networking experiences. Operating in the popular Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, the communication links in a BBN will be heavily susceptible to interference between the different radio technologies sharing the limited radio spectrum. Thus, inter-body interference become an important concern for protocol design and quality of service for the BBN end user. Yet, higher layer MAC and networking mechanisms need to be in place to overcome this interference problem. To date, very few studies, that perform in-depth analysis of this type of body-centric scenario, exist. The interference problem in such distributed system, should be tackeled with distributed mechanisms, such as Game Theory. The decision makers in the game are either the WBANs/people forming the BBN or the network operators who control the inter-WBAN communicating devices. These devices have to cope with a limited transmission resource (ISM band) that gives rise to a conflict of interests. This thesis aims at exploring the opportunities to enable inter-WBAN communications by ensuring feasible sharing of the radio spectrum through two challenging research issues. First, mutual and cross-technology interference mitigation, and second, the design of a BBN specific routing protocol applied to an epidemic control application within mass gathering areas, such as the airport, as use case in this thesis. In a first phase, a game theoretical approach is proposed to resolve the distributed interference problem in BBNs. The Socially-aware Interference Mitigation (SIM) game performs twofold: at the WBAN stage, it allocates ZigBee channels to body sensors for intra-WBAN data sensing, and at the BBN stage, it allocates WiFi channels to mobile devices for inter-WBAN data transmitting and relaying. Two algorithms, BR-SIM and SORT-SIM, were developed to search for Nash equilibra to the SIM game. The first (BR-SIM) ensures best response solutions while the second (SORT-SIM) attempts to achieve tradeoff between sub-optimal solutions and short convergence time. Then, in order to highlight the social role of BBNs, the second part of this thesis is devoted to propose an epidemic control application tailored to BBNs, in indoor environment. This application implements a geographic routing protocol, that differentiates WBANs traffic and ensures real-time quarantine strategies. (...)

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-16T20:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-16T20:22:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T20:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / The objective of this research was to investigate the perception and performance of the family jurisdiction judges, in Brasilia, in lawsuits involving shared custody of minor children, in cases of matrimony dissolution. The theoretical approach that justifies is structural family therapy, the Federal constitution, new Brazilian Civil code and laws related to shared custody. To achieve such a purpose, qualitative research was conducted with six standing judges, three women and three men. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview questionnaire. The collection was held at the respondent???s workplace. The information was processed through the IRAMUTEQ R software, that found six distinct classes that were subsequently renamed, grouped and, according to Bardin's (2011) definitions, consolidated into four categories. "Category 1 ??? Family: Yours and Mine " gathers the visions of the respondents about family, the ones they work and their own, demonstrating their perceptions about the influence of the family in the subject???s formation, as well as their personal experiences. For the respondents, the family can be composed of different arrangements, and their constituents may be related, or not. Their personal experiences were also made present to influence their way of deciding. The "Category 2 ??? Custody is Power" approached the subjects understanding of the custody???s power. The results pointed out that, for respondents, the shared custody balances the power of parents about decisions on children. They emphasize, that in this type of custody they share care and decisions, there is no direct relationship with the time that each parent stays with their children. The "Category 3 ??? Father and shared custody" showed that, despite the shared custody aims preserve the best interest of the child, the paternal figure was very empowered. "Category 4 ??? the judges who listen", although it was not contemplated by the Software, it appeared in the interviews when the magistrates reported that they are attentive to the quality of family relationships, careful with the fragility that families arrive for hearings and concerned to offer a humanized service to the former couple and children. The study demonstrates that the group interviewed is favorable to shared custody, realizing it as a legal response to the changes that society and consequently families are suffering, providing parental ties more suited to new family arrangements. Moreover, they are magistrates who act in a humanized manner in front of the weaknesses that divorce causes. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the "young" law of shared custody, both for the legal area and for psychology. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a percep????o e a atua????o dos ju??zes de Varas de Fam??lia, de Bras??lia, nos processos que envolvem a guarda compartilhada de filhos menores, em casos de separa????o conjugal. A abordagem te??rica que a fundamenta ?? a terapia familiar estrutural al??m da Constitui????o Federal, Novo C??digo Civil Brasileiro e leis afins a guarda compartilhada. Para atingir tal prop??sito realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa com seis ju??zes atuantes, tr??s mulheres e tr??s homens. O instrumento utilizado foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. A coleta foi realizada no local de trabalho dos entrevistados. As informa????es foram tratadas por meio do software IRAMUTEQ R que encontrou seis classes distintas que foram, posteriormente, renomeadas, agrupadas e, segundo defini????es de Bardin (2011), consolidadas em quatro categorias. A ???categoria 1 ??? Fam??lia: a sua e a minha??? re??ne as vis??es dos entrevistados a respeito de fam??lia, aquelas que eles trabalham e as suas pr??prias, sendo demonstradas as suas percep????es quanto a influ??ncia da fam??lia na forma????o do sujeito, bem como suas experi??ncias pessoais. Para os entrevistados a fam??lia pode ser composta por diferentes arranjos, podendo seus componentes terem rela????o consangu??neas ou n??o. Suas experi??ncias pessoais tamb??m se fizeram presentes aqui de forma a influenciar sua maneira de decidir. J?? a ???categoria 2 ??? Guarda ?? poder??? abordou o entendimento dos sujeitos sobre o poder da guarda. Os resultados apontam que, para os entrevistados, a guarda compartilhada equilibra o poder dos pais com rela????o ??s decis??es sobre os filhos. Ressaltam ainda, que neste tipo de guarda se compartilham cuidados e decis??es, n??o havendo rela????o direta com o tempo que cada um passa com os filhos. A ???categoria 3 ??? Pai e guarda compartilhada??? evidenciou que, apesar da guarda compartilhada objetivar preservar o melhor interesse da crian??a, o que houve foi o empoderamento da figura paterna. A ???categoria 4 ??? Os ju??zes que ouvem???, apesar de n??o ter sido contemplada pelo software, apareceu nas entrevistas, quando os magistrados relataram que se mostram atentos ?? qualidade das rela????es familiares, cuidadosos com a fragilidade com que as fam??lias chegam para as audi??ncias e preocupados em oferecer um atendimento humanizado para o ex-casal e filhos. O estudo demostra que o grupo entrevistado ?? favor??vel a guarda compartilhada, percebendo-a como uma resposta legal para as mudan??as que a sociedade e, consequentemente, as fam??lias v??m sofrendo, proporcionando la??os parentais mais adequados aos novos arranjos familiares. Al??m disso, s??o magistrados que atuam de forma humanizada frente ??s dificuldades que o div??rcio provoca. Este estudo pretende contribuir no entendimento da ???jovem??? lei da guarda compartilhada, tanto para a ??rea de direito quanto para a psicologia.

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der BSB München: 4 Diss. 254.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 工学博士 / 乙第1675号 / 論工博第375号 / 新制||工||170(附属図書館) / 2677 / UT51-46-A559 / (主査)教授 玉田 珖, 教授 桜井 健郎, 教授 神元 五郎 / 学位規則第5条第2項該当

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22721号 / 理博第4630号 / 新制||理||1665(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 足立 幾磨, 准教授 後藤 幸織, 教授 高田 昌彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2011

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2011

Tese de Programa Doutoral. Sistemas Sustentáveis de Energia. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2011