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The aim of this thesis is to identify significant weaknesses of political party funding system in the Czech Republic, and to suggest possible improvements of the system. Knowledge acquired in the first part of the thesis, which deals with the theoretical basis of political party funding, is used to analyse the applicable legislation. This part of the thesis first of all describes the legal framework of political parties, the principles and goals of political party funding, and possible approaches to the funding; the most space is devoted to one of the possible approaches, regulatory measures, which is divided on the basis of supply side (state a private funding) and demand side (mainly campaign spending regulation). The Czech legislation is not only analysed in general and using the theoretical basis, but is also compared with the system adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany. The hypothesis is that the German law is a good example for the Czech Republic in the field of party financing, for the Federal Republic of Germany has been a developed democratic state of law for a longer uninterrupted period of time, and was one of the first countries in the world to introduce state funding of political parties. The second part of the thesis describes, analyses and compares the applicable legislation of the...

Seit 1990 sind westdeutsche Verhältnisse auch im Osten der erweiterten BRD anzutreffen: Für wenige Bereiche trifft das so allgemein zu wie für die Universitäten, die in den neuen Bundesländern strukturell denen der alten Bundesländer gleichgemacht wurden. Die Inhalte haben gewechselt, je nach Disziplin. Aber ist damit alles gesagt? Was heißt das zum Beispiel für die Philosophie, nachdem die Universitäten das westdeutsche Muster adaptiert haben, und zugleich Inhalte und Personen fast völlig ausgetauscht wurden?

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the Czech business environment, to determine its specifics, strengths and weaknesses including addition of the point of view of German investors. The method of situation analysis of the particular factors, which determine the business environment, with addition of the surveys of ČNOPK based on questionnaire examination, that are regularly done by this institution for several years, and of the individual interviews with the representatives of the firms of German investors or institutions acting in the field of German-Czech economic cooperation, was used to reach this aim. This thesis should be the source of information for the future entrepreneurs on the Czech market, above all for potential German investors.

Lease of Flat - comparison of Czech and German Laws Abstract This Master's thesis deals with the legislation governing lease of a flat under the laws of the Czech Republic and of the Federal Republic of Germany. The authors of the Czech Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code) drew inspiration from the German Civil Code ("Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch" of 18 August 1896, as amended on 2 January 2002) and its influence can be traced in many provisions of its Czech counterpart. The lease of a flat is a burning issue in both jurisdictions, sensitive to political changes in the country, with a strong social subtext, and great emphasis is placed on the protection of the tenant as the weaker party. Unlike the Czech legislation, the German laws on lease of a flat are more robust, more detailed, and social policy is palpable throughout the German Civil Code; this, however, attracts criticism from its opponents at times. Since the laws on lease of a flat are abundant and the thesis is written from the viewpoint of two jurisdictions, the thesis does not provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, but rather focuses on one component, specifically the rent and other payments. The rent and other payments constitute a very dynamic as well as controversial area of the German laws governing the lease of a flat; it...

The thesis analyses housing policy in the Federal Republic of Germany and Czechoslovakia in 1948/9-1960. The aim of the thesis is to verify the assumption, that whereas housing policy of the FRG can be considered as rather successful, that of Czechoslovakia was rather unsuccessful. In addition to that, the thesis aims at interpreting the success/failure with respect to 1) the factual political steps of the two regimes, 2) the level of economic development and demographic trends, 3) the traditions of housing policies before 1948/9 and 4) the situation in housing sector immediately after WWII. The successfulness of housing policy is derived from its results in realm of dwelling construction, financial affordability and quality of housing. The methodological section contains a theoretical classification of the two political and social systems and a definition of housing policy and criteria of the comparison. Following two chapters analyse housing policy traditions before 1948/9 and housing policy of the two states in 1948/9-1960. In the latter case, before anything else, the chapter introduces the institutional framework, main actors and the most important legislation. However, the comparison as such is rather based on results of the respective housing policies. These are - in the last section -...

Thesis advisor: Devin O. Pendas / This dissertation assesses the Vietnam War’s effect on the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and its relationship with the United States in the 1960s. In the name of alliance solidarity, the West German government provided economic, technical, and humanitarian assistance to South Vietnam. The Federal Republic would have quietly continued this support and thought little more about Vietnam if not for President Lyndon B. Johnson’s mounting demands that Bonn share more of the burden of the defense of the so-called “Free World.” In the most dramatic example of this effort, Johnson and his advisers attempted in late 1965 to pressure Chancellor Ludwig Erhard into sending West German support troops to Vietnam. Erhard ruled out sending military personnel, but the episode – combined with a series of foreign policy and economic failures – led to his resignation in November 1966. At the heart of this setback in West German-U.S. relations was a dispute over the Federal Republic’s place in the world. West German leaders largely agreed that it was only a matter of time before the Federal Republic got out from under the shadow of the Third Reich and returned to the world stage, but they disagreed about how this goal could best be achieved. By comparison, the Johnson administration had a clear vision for the Federal Republic’s return to the world stage. Looking to co-opt German economic power to maintain American hegemony around the world, Johnson expected Bonn to play the role of America’s junior partner. Although Erhard proved incapable of filling the role intended by Johnson, he helped to establish the Federal Republic’s characteristic political culture, combining military reluctance with a strong preference for economic stability. After Erhard’s resignation, Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger and his Vice-Chancellor, Willy Brandt, established a genuine and productive partnership with the United States, even as they made the limits of their solidarity clear. Like the government, West German civil society struggled to come to terms with the Federal Republic’s evolving place in the world. This dissertation shows that "regular" Germans' grappling with the Vietnam War was linked to their attempt to define the Federal Republic’s place in the world and, perhaps even, early efforts to come to terms with their collective responsibility for the Holocaust and other Nazi crimes. For the German Red Cross, the West German Catholic and Protestant churches, and private "pacifist" organizations like Hilfsaktion Vietnam, humanitarianism and human rights was an important outlet for this endeavor. The West German government, for its part, learned that it could employ the language of humanitarianism and human rights to distance itself from the most controversial or morally dubious parts of American foreign policy without sacrificing its formal alliance with the United States. In the late 1960s, then, government pragmatism, civil society interests, and public (moral) outrage converged to bring humanitarianism and human rights to the forefront of the Federal Republic of Germany. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

87 Abstract Individual income taxation in selected European Union countries This thesis explores income tax of private individuals in the Czech Republic and draws comparison with tax laws of two other European Union member countries: Federal Republic of Germany and Hungary. German government has managed to operate with balanced budget for several consecutive years, suggesting their tax system is well adjusted. Hungary was chosen for its geographical and demographical similarity to the Czech Republic as well as shared parallels in the history of both countries. Additionally, between the years 2010 and 2013, Hungarian tax system used super-gross income as tax base, which matches the current (2017) Czech tax system. Besides introduction and conclusion, the thesis comprises of six chapters and is structured as follows: Introductory parts aim review theoretical background regarding taxes in general including definitions, development in historical context, functions and individual tax elements. After that comes a breakdown of direct tax treatment at the international level, both in the context of European Union and international treaties. Thesis then follows with analysis of specific treatments of income tax of private individuals. The final section compares tax systems of the three countries and uses the...

Germany was, is and will be an immigration country. We talk about an asylum policy since the reunification of Germany in 1990. Germany needed immigrants during the whole 21st century, on the other hand struggled with fear of their negative impacts on the economy and society. One hundred and thirty years since the recruitment of seasonal workers from abroad in the German Empire and 50 years from the recruitment of Turkish guest workers undoubtedly indicates a good (and necessary) time to create a more effective immigration and asylum policy. The integration of foreigners, especially Turks, is nowadays the main goal. As the social climate of German society has never been characterized by diversity, the main task of current German government is to create an opened German society towards foreigners and their integration.

This work deals with the topic spas in the Czech Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany. The first part is devoted to terminology. Other chapters describe the history of this industry in both countries, their spa resorts and in the end various spa statistics in the Czech Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany are compared.