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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’évolution du rapport à l’histoire et de la conscience historique dans la société canadienne de la première moitié du XIXe siècle et propose une analyse métahistorique de deux principaux corpus de sources : le matériel pédagogique employé dans les collèges classiques, ainsi que les ouvrages historiographiques et politiques marquants pour l’élite canadienne, des réflexions du politicien Denis-Benjamin Viger au Rapport Durham et aux écrits de William Smith, Michel Bibaud et de François-Xavier Garneau. En analysant ces sources à la lumière d’un outillage théorique issu de l’historiographie de la représentation du temps, je propose une relecture de la constitution d’une conscience historique nationale au Canada français. Je démontre que la « nationalisation » de l’histoire est un phénomène graduel qui s’est échelonné sur l’ensemble des trois premiers quarts du XIXe siècle. Si l’histoire nationale a mis du temps à s’imposer, c’est parce que la conscience historique du monde intellectuel canadien au tournant du XIXe siècle était modelée sur les principes philosophiques universalistes de l’humanisme et du christianisme. Loin d’être spécifique aux Canadiens, cette mutation de la représentation de l’histoire s’insère dans un large mouvement occidental qui a été abondamment observé et commenté par l’historiographie. Enchevêtrées dans une histoire commune avec la « disciplinarisation » de l’histoire, la catégorisation des peuples et leur projection dans le temps n’est ni une évidence ni une nécessité, mais plutôt le produit d’une évolution culturelle partagée à travers le monde atlantique. / In this thesis, I discuss the evolution of time experience and historical consciousness in Canadian society of the first half of the nineteenth century and propose a metahistorical analysis of two main corpora of documents : the educational material used in classical colleges, and a number of significant historiographical and political publications for the Canadian intellectual elite, from Denis-Benjamin Viger’s reflections to the Durham Report and to the writings of William Smith, Michel Bibaud and François-Xavier Garneau.By analyzing these historical documents with the use of conceptual tools inspired by the time representation historiography, I suggest a reinterpretation of the advent of a national historical consciousness in French Canada. I demonstrate that the “nationalization” of the past is a gradual phenomenon that spawned over the first three quarters of the nineteenth century. If national history was not prominent around 1800, it is because Canadian intellectuals interpreted the past with the theological principles of Christianity and the universalist philosophy of intellectual humanism. Unspecific to Canadians, this historical representation evolution was observed and commented upon by a rich occidental historiography. Entangled with the disciplinarization of history as a historical phenomenon, the categorization of the Nation and its projection in the past is neither a certainty, nor a necessity, but rather the product of a cultural evolution shared in the Atlantic World.

Cette thèse porte sur la critique et la reconstitution du concept de "décision" chez. Nietzsche. La "nouvelle psychologie" nietzschéenne dont les principes sont établis autour d'une perspective historicisante, démontre que chaque décision humaine relève d'une structure stratifiée et que la chronologie d'une décision singulière déborde celle de l'individu qui «décide». La stratification en tant que caractère essentiel permet de repenser les décisions humaines d'une manière généalogique et de révéler la pluralité, la processualité et la relationnalité dans leurs formations. Nietzsche dégrade le statut de la délibération dans le procès décisionnel, et souligne le caractère "impersonnel" des décisions humaines qui reposent, en général, sur des valeurs et des opinions impersonnelles. D'autre part, il érige l'idée d'une rupture radicale dans l'histoire, engendrée par une "grande décision" estimée comme étant proprement "personnelle". La prise de cette grande décision s'identifie avec l'incorporation de la pensée de l'éternel retour qui se signale comme un critère pour toute décision ultérieure de l'individu. S'appuyant sur les considérations indiquées, cette thèse suggère, de prime abord, une "généalogie de décision" qui donne un schème pour l'examen régressif des décisions singulières dans le cadre de la psychologie nietzschéenne. Deuxièmement, elle vise à éclairer les pré-conditions historiques du passage à une évolution consciente de l'humanité initiée par la grande décision en tant qu'expression cristallisée de la dimension prescriptive de la philosophie nietzschéenne. / This thesis deals with the criticism and the reconstruction of the concept of "decision" in Nietzsche. The Nietzschean "new psychology'", whose principals are established according to a historicizing perspective, demonstrates that each human decision is a stratified structure and that the chronology of a singular decision goes beyond that of the individual who "decides". Stratification as an essential characteristic makes it possible to rethink human decisions in a genealogical way, and to reveal the plurality, the processuality and the relationality in their formations. Nietzsche degrades the status of deliberation in the decision-making process, and emphasizes the "impersonal" nature of hum an decisions that are based, in general, on impersonal values and opinions. On the other band, he introduces the idea of a radical break in history, engendered by a "great decision" considered to be properly "personal". The taking of this great decision is identified with the incorporation of the thought of eternal return that is considered as the criterion for any subsequent decision of the individual. On the basis of these considerations, this thesis suggests, first of all, a "decision genealogy" which gives a schema for the regressive examination of singular decisions within the framework of Nietzschean psychology. Second, it aims to shed light on the historical preconditions of the shift to a conscious evolution of humanity, initiated by the great decision as a crystallized expression of Nietzschean philosophy's prescriptive dimension.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeniceLG.pdf: 1939280 bytes, checksum: 3a5f29cfde1417a1ef11514bfeeec6fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / The participation of women of more than 60 years of age in the social ritual of the creation of the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual ( Sustainable Development State Reserve ) at Ponta do Tubar?o, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, is the central object of this research. This work is an attempt to analyze the oral discourse of these women, to understand the historical participation in this ritual, pointing out the actions for dehistoricization that, in the Western world, take women out of the community scene making their roles less important or invisible as agents of social construction. The reflections that take place in this research, using as a starting point, the example of a traditional fishing community on the Brazilian coast, and denounce the mechanisms of male domination that try to silence their h?bitus, such as: the discourse of power (that is responsible for the permanent division of sexual structures) and of the correspondent social and cultural division. The present research respects the oral discourse of the Elderly Women as a significant practice of community life in Diogo Lopes in Macau, Rio Grande do Norte. The creation of the community of RDSE in Ponta do Tubar?o as an instrument for political and social management is also accepted here as a process conducted by various social actors that react to developmental threats that have interfered with and are still trying to interfere with the equilibrium of the regional ecosystem. The methodology used in the research is supported in the oral discourse of these women as social representations of a focus group, on which the method of the An?lise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) ( Collective Subject Discourse Analysis ) is applied / A participa??o de mulheres com mais de sessenta anos no rito social de cria??o da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o, no Rio Grande do Norte, ? o objeto central desta pesquisa. Este trabalho busca analisar o discurso oral destas senhoras, na tentativa de historicizar tal participa??o neste rito, apontando as a??es de des-historiciza??o que, no Ocidente, retiram as mulheres da cena comunit?ria desvalorizando ou tornando invis?veis os seus papeis de agentes da constru??o social. As reflex?es decorrentes desta pesquisa, realizadas a partir do exemplo de uma comunidade pesqueira tradicional do litoral brasileiro, denunciam os mecanismos de domina??o masculina que se instauram no sil?ncio do h?bitus, tais como: os discursos de poder (que s?o respons?veis pela eterniza??o das estruturas da divis?o sexual) e os princ?pios de divis?o social e cultural correspondentes. A presente pesquisa acata o discurso oral de Velhas Mulheres como uma pr?tica de vida comunit?ria significativa, na comunidade de Diogo Lopes Macau/RN. A cria??o comunit?ria da RDSE Ponta do Tubar?o como instrumento de gest?o pol?tico-social ? tamb?m aceita aqui como processo conduzido por atores sociais v?rios. Eles reagiram ?s amea?as desenvolvimentistas que se abateram e ainda tentam se abater sobre o equil?brio dos ecossistemas de sua regi?o. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa ap?ia-se nos discursos orais destas senhoras como representa??es sociais do grupo em foco, sobre os quais se aplica o m?todo de An?lise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC)

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This study examines the rise, development, and crisis of theological encyclopaedia in nineteenth-century Germany. As introductory textbooks for theological study in the university, works of theological encyclopaedia addressed the pressing questions facing theology as a ‘science’ (Wissenschaft), a rigorous, critical discipline deserving of a seat in the modern university. The project of theological encyclopaedia, I argue, functioned as the place where theological reflection and the requirements of the institutional setting in which that reflection occurred—here the German university—converged. I explore its roots as a pioneering idealist model for organizing knowledge in the German university system in the late eighteenth century. I focus especially on Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834), the father of modern Protestantism and principal intellectual architect of the University of Berlin (1810). Schleiermacher’s programme transformed the scholarly theological enterprise into one defined in terms of science. That transformation laid the groundwork for the later historicization of theology, which I investigate in the two predominant ‘schools’ of German university theology in the middle of the nineteenth century, the Hegelian ‘speculative’ school and ‘mediating theology’ (Vermittlungstheologie). Among the latter, I emphasize the remarkable international influence of the Swiss-German Karl Hagenbach (1801–74), whose theological encyclopaedia was among the most widely read theological books in German-speaking Europe from the 1830s through World War I. Finally, I analyze the project’s downfall in the context of Wilhelmine Germany and the Weimar Republic, beset by radical disciplinary specialization, a crisis of historicism, and the attacks of dialectical theology. Throughout, I contend that theological encyclopaedia represented the institutionalization of the idea of theology as science, which furnishes an explanatory grid for understanding the relationship between theology and the university. The project resulted in a powerful synthesis that fundamentally shaped the reigning theological paradigms in nineteenth-century Germany and beyond.