As space missions continue to increase in complexity, the operational capabilities and amount of gathered data demand ever more advanced systems. Currently, mission capabilities are often constrained by the link bandwidth as well as onboard processing capabilities. A large number of commands and complex ground station systems are required to allow spacecraft operations. Thus, methods to allow more efficient use of the bandwidth, computing capacity and increased autonomous capabilities are of strong research interest. Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its vast areas of application scenarios, allows for these challenges and more to be tackled in the spacecraft design. Particularly, the flexibility of Artificial Neural Networks as Machine Learning technology provides many possibilities. For example, Artificial Neural Networks can be used for object detection and classification tasks. Unfortunately, the execution of current Machine Learning algorithms consumes a large amount of power and memory resources. Additionally, the qualification of such algorithms remains challenging, which limits their possible applications in space systems. Thus, an increase in efficiency in all aspects is required to further enable these technologies for space applications. The optimisation of the algorithm for System on Chip (SoC) platforms allows it to benefit from the best of a generic processor and hardware acceleration. This increased complexity of the processing system shall allow broader and more flexible applications of these technologies with a minimum increase of power consumption. As Commercial off-the-shelf embedded systems are commonly used in NewSpace applications and such SoC are not yet available in a qualified manner, the deployment of Machine Learning algorithms on such devices has been evaluated. For deployment of machine learning on such devices, a ConvolutionalNeural Network model was optimised on a workstation. Then, the neural network is deployed with Xilinx’s Vitis AI onto a SoC which includes a powerful generic processor as well as the hardware programming capabilities of an Field ProgrammableGate Array (FPGA). This result was evaluated based on relevant performance and efficiency parameters and a summary is given in this thesis. Additionally, a tool utilising a different approach was developed. With a high-level synthesis tool the hardware description language of an accelerated linear algebra optimised network is created and directly deployed into FPGA logic. The implementation of this tool was started, and the proof of concept is presented. Furthermore, existing challenges with the auto-generated code are outlined and future steps to automate and improve the entire workflow are presented. As both workflows are very different and thus aim for different usage scenarios, both workflows are outlined and the benefits and disadvantages of both are outlined.

Today’s robotics technology is often extremely user and location dependable, meaning that only a specific user using a specific hardware or software interface in a specific location can access that technique and alter it. This thesis focuses on an oil-monitoring system called Orilink, with those exact constraints. Orilink is only accessible through a specific computer using a serial port located in a special place. It is neither accessible from elsewhere nor through the cloud. This thesis removes that constraint and enables the access to Orilink independently of the user’s location or software / hardware interface.

Målet med detta examensarbete är att utreda de möjligheter som erbjuds vid introduktion av närvarodetektion och ett kommunikativt nätverk för vanliga vägguttag. Detta har undersökts med införandet av ett trådlöst nätverk med Smartphone styrning. En förundersökning har genomförts undersökandes de eventuella besparingar som kan göras genom att reducera standby-förluster i hushåll. Undersökningen ledde till slutsatsen att standby-energi står för en onödigt hög del av den totala energiförbrukningen i moderna hushåll. En prototyp med syftet att utvärdera genomförbarheten och nyttan av närvarodetekterande, styrbara och nätverkade strömuttag har designats och konstruerats. För kontroll av nätverket har även en mjukvaruprototyp för Smartphones tagits fram i programspråket Symbian C++. Informationsnätverket är baserat på Bluetooth-teknologi. Funktionaliteten hos den färdiga prototypen visar att det förslagna konceptet som sådant är fullt genomförbart men att blåtandstekniken har vissa begränsningar som måste arbetas runt för att få tillfredställande prestanda inom nätverket. / The aim of this master thesis has been to investigate the possibilities made available with the introduction of user awareness and network capabilities to an ordinary wall socket. This is done by the usage of wireless network construction and Smartphones for control of said network. A preliminary investigation was performed regarding the possible gains of reducing standby power consumption in households. The investigation concluded that standby power consumption stands for an unnecessary high part of the total energy consumption of a modern household. A prototype with the purpose of evaluating the feasibility and use of user aware, controllable and networked power sockets has been designed and constructed. An application using Symbian C++ deployed on a Smartphone has been developed for control and configuration of the network. The information network is based on Bluetooth technology. The functionality of the finished prototype shows that the proposed concept is fully realizable but that the Bluetooth technology has some inherent limits that need to be worked around in order to achieve satisfying network performance.

In order to protect the security of the commercial information, personnel information, military information, governmental information on the Internet, the claimed identity should be authenticated. Now there are three main security authentication methods: first: using user PIN, such as password; second: using physical key, such as USBKey; third: using biological authentication technology, such as fingerprint, iris, voice and palm prints, etc. Because of the uniqueness, invariance, and ubiquity properties of biometric authentication, biometric authentication is becoming popular, especially fingerprint recognition. However, when the fingerprint recognition information is transported on the public channel, it may be attacked, such as the fingerprint information is stolen. So a cryptology mechanism is needed to protect the fingerprint recognition information. In the field of embedded security authentication system, the traditional hardware implementation mechanism, such as ASIC, can satisfy requires of functions and performances, but it is not configurable, flexible, and easy to expand; the traditional software implementation mechanism, such as general purpose processor, is flexible, but the cost and the power consumption are higher than hardware implementation. In order to take the advantages of biometrics, cryptology, hardware implementation, and software implementation, a hardware-software cooperating embedded authentication system based on shared-key authentication and fingerprint verification is proposed. First, this system authenticates the identities of client and server by shared-key authentication, creates the current encrypt key and hash key, and then authenticates the identity of them via fingerprint recognition. During fingerprint recognition, the information of fingerprint is not needed to transmit over the public channel, so the security of fingerprint is increased. Theoretic analysis and experiments show that, this system reach very high authentication rate and security. This system can resist replay attack, server template attack, device template attack, effectively.

Inbyggda system finns i nästan alla enheter som används i vårt dagliga liv, som exempelvis mobiltelefoner, kylskåp och bilar. En del enheter kan vara betydligt känsligare än andra, vilket innebär att en bugg som existerar i ett system kan orsaka skada, till och med förlust av människoliv, eller orsakar ingen skada alls. Mjukvarutestning och mjukvarufelsökning genomförs för att reducera buggar i ett system.Utbildningsprogrammet Datateknik och Mobil IT på Malmö universitet fokuserar inte på att undervisa mjukvarufelsökning med hjälp av felsökningsverktyg. Således presenterar denna forskning en felsökningslaboration skapat för studenter som går Datateknik och Mobil IT, som anses hjälpa studenterna att få kunskap i hur man använder felsökningsverktyget SAM4E Xplained Pro för att lokalisera buggar. Som ett resultat, utfördes felsökningslaborationen av fyra studenter varav 75 procent av buggarna hittades och åtgärdades. / Embedded systems are found in almost every device used in our daily lives, including cell phones, refrigerators, and cars. Some devices may be significantly more sensitive than others, meaning a bug appearing in a system could cause harm, even loss of human lives or cause no harm at all. To reduce bugs in a system, software testing and software debugging are performed.The Computer Science program at Malmö University does not focus on teaching software debugging using a debugger. Thus, this thesis presents a debugging lab created for Computer Science students, considered to help them gain knowledge in how to use the debugger SAM4E Xplained Pro to locate bugs. As a result, four students performed the debugging lab of which 75 percent of the bugs were found and remedied.

La tesis propone la reducción de costos de los controladores del proceso de inyección de plástico en el sector PYME de la industria peruana, orientada a empresas que utilizan moldes de inyección con sistema de canal caliente, mediante la regulación de temperatura del sistema en mención. Con esto se plantea resolver la necesidad que tiene este sector industrial por aumentar su competitividad, disminuyendo el costo de su sistema de inyección, y manteniendo o mejorando la eficiencia del proceso de inyección. En consecuencia, la tesis presentada desarrolla; sobre el sistema de canal caliente, un prototipo de sistema de control de temperatura que emplea lógica difusa y a bajo costo. La validación de este proyecto se realiza en la planta de inyección plástica de la empresa Q’UMIR PLAST S.A.C., donde se realizó un cuadro comparativo que presenta las variables del proceso de inyección y de los productos plásticos obtenidos haciendo uso del controlador desarrollado versus el controlador de uso general con el que cuentan actualmente, obteniendo como resultado una correcta operación de los sistemas involucrados, el cumplimiento de los objetivos específicos de desarrollo del proyecto y la conformidad por parte del cliente. / The present work proposes the cost reduction of the plastic injection process controllers in the PYME sector of the Peruvian industry, it is aimed at companies that use injection molds with a hot runner system by regulating the temperature of the system in question. This raises the need for this industrial sector to increase its competitiveness, reducing the cost of its injection system, and maintaining or improving the efficiency of the injection process. Consequently, the thesis presented develops; on the hot runner system, a prototype temperature control system that uses fuzzy logic and low cost. The validation of this project is carried out in the plastic injection plant of the company Q'UMIR PLAST SAC, where a comparative table was carried out that presents the variables of the injection process and the plastic products obtained using the developed controller versus the general-purpose controller that they currently have, obtaining as a result a correct operation of the systems involved, compliance with specific project development objectives and customer compliance. / Tesis

The continued scaling of transistors has led to an exponential increase in on-chip power density, which has resulted in increasing temperature. In turn, the increase in temperature directly leads to the increase in the rate of wear of a processor. Negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) is one of the most dominant integrated circuit (IC) failure mechanisms [13, 5] that strongly depends on temperature. NBTI manifests in the form of increased circuit delays which can lead to timing failures and processor crashes. The ability to monitor the wear progression of a processor due to NBTI is valuable when designing real-time embedded systems. While NBTI can be detected using wear state sensors, not all chips are equipped with these sensors because detecting wear due to NBTI requires modifications to the chip design and incurs area and power overhead. NBTI sensor data may also not be exposed to users in software. In addition, wear sensors cannot take into account variations in wear due to the differences in the wear sensor devices and the other functional devices and their operating conditions. In this paper, we propose a lightweight, online methodology to monitor the wear process due to NBTI for off-the-shelf embedded processors. Our proposed method requires neither data on the threshold voltage and critical paths nor additional hardware. Our methodology can also be extended to predict the wear progression due to some other dominant IC failure mechanisms. Experiments on embedded processors provide insights on NBTI wear progression over time. This knowledge can be used to design real-time embedded systems that explicitly consider runtime wear progression to increase predictability and maintain lifetime reliability requirements.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Analyzing behaviors of objects on the road is a complex task that requires data from various sensors and their fusion to recreate the movement of objects with a high degree of accuracy. A data collection and processing system are thus needed to track the objects accurately in order to make an accurate and clear map of the trajectories of objects relative to various coordinate frame(s) of interest in the map. Detection and tracking moving objects (DATMO) and Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are the tasks that needs to be achieved in conjunction to create a clear map of the road comprising of the moving and static objects. These computational problems are commonly solved and used to aid scenario reconstruction for the objects of interest. The tracking of objects can be done in various ways, utilizing sensors such as monocular or stereo cameras, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors as well as Inertial Navigation systems (INS) systems. One relatively common method for solving DATMO and SLAM involves utilizing a 3D LIDAR with multiple monocular cameras in conjunction with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows for redundancies to maintain object classification and tracking with the help of sensor fusion in cases when sensor specific traditional algorithms prove to be ineffectual when either sensor falls short due to their limitations. The usage of the IMU and sensor fusion methods relatively eliminates the need for having an expensive INS rig. Fusion of these sensors allows for more effectual tracking to utilize the maximum potential of each sensor while allowing for methods to increase perceptional accuracy. The focus of this thesis will be the dock-less e-scooter and the primary goal will be to track its movements effectively and accurately with respect to cars on the road and the world. Since it is relatively more common to observe a car on the road than e-scooters, we propose a data collection system that can be built on top of an e-scooter and an offline processing pipeline that can be used to collect data in order to understand the behaviors of the e-scooters themselves. In this thesis, we plan to explore a data collection system involving a 3D LIDAR sensor and multiple monocular cameras and an IMU on an e-scooter as well as an offline method for processing the data to generate data to aid scenario reconstruction.

This thesis studies possibilities of connecting embedded systems to intranet. Available technologies and resources usable for control and capturing of data on remote sensors are considered. It goes into IEEE 1451.1 standard, which defines abstract interface of transducer for sensors connecting, while avoiding specification of concrete implementation of communication between these entities. Design and implementation of application with architecture based on IEEE 1451.1 standard takes also place in this thesis.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19335号 / 情博第587号 / 新制||情||102(附属図書館) / 32337 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本 章博, 教授 鹿島 久嗣, 教授 五十嵐 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM