Den här småskaliga studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka behov barn på högstadiet har för en lyckad skolgång. Att uppleva en lyckad skolgång avser i studien att barn känner välmående och utvecklas kunskapsmässigt i skolan. Barn har rätt till att utvecklas så långt som möjligt, känna trygghet och studiero och rätt till ett livslångt lärande. Nuläget i den svenska skolan visar att barn får anpassningar och särskilt stöd, men skolan når fortfarande inte alla barns behov. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är Maslows behovsteori som är en modell för hur människor prioriterar sina behov. Forskningsansatsen som användes i studien var kvalitativ och barnen som deltog i studien fick i brev beskriva vad de ansåg att de behövde för en lyckad skolgång. 25 barn från två olika högstadieskolor i en kommun i mellersta Sverige valde att delta i studien. Breven analyserades genom en tematisk analys. De fyra teman som kom fram i analysen var: att ha vänner, gemensamma aktiviteter och starka band; trygghet, respekt och konsekvenser i skolan; att ha en bra lärare och att ha en bra dag i skolan. En av studiens implikationer till specialpedagoger är att barn kan uttrycka vad de har för behov och vuxna behöver ta tillvara på barns erfarenheter. En annan implikation är vikten av att arbeta främjande för att möjliggöra relationer. En sista implikation är att specialpedagoger behöver förstå vikten av trygghet och arbetsro, och arbeta för en lärmiljö som stärker detta.

As concepções de infância e criança, assim como o lugar social ofertado a elas, vem sendo modificadas ao longo dos anos. Entre o momento em que a infância nem era nomeada ao momento em que se torna objeto de políticas específicas, este estudo busca estabelecer um diálogo e ampliar o debate a respeito da participação e escuta das crianças em contextos educativos, procurando problematizar o que é possível esperar da participação das crianças nestes contextos. Dessa forma, recupera e analisa relatos de experiências em dois projetos educativos diversos, um na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em uma instituição embasada na educação democrática, e outro na cidade italiana de Reggio Emilia, que tem como base conceitual a pedagogia da escuta. Observou-se que apesar de já existirem alguns contextos educativos que concebem as crianças como sujeitos competentes e capazes e buscam garantir sua participação e escuta, a existência destes contextos ainda é vista como um desafio, tanto prático como teórico. / The conceptions of childhood and child, as well as the social place offered to them, have been modified over the years. Between the time when childhood was not named until the moment when it becomes the object of specific policies, this study seeks to establish a dialogue and broaden the debate about participation and listening to children in educational contexts, trying to problematize what can be expected by children\'s participation in these contexts. In this way, it retrieves and analyzes reports of experiences in two different educational projects, one in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, at an institution based on democratic education, and another in the Italian city of Reggio Emilia, whose conceptual basis is listening pedagogy. It was observed that although there are already some educational contexts that conceive children as competent and capable subjects and seek to guarantee their participation and listening, the existence of these contexts is still seen as a challenge, both practical and theoretical.

As concepções de infância e criança, assim como o lugar social ofertado a elas, vem sendo modificadas ao longo dos anos. Entre o momento em que a infância nem era nomeada ao momento em que se torna objeto de políticas específicas, este estudo busca estabelecer um diálogo e ampliar o debate a respeito da participação e escuta das crianças em contextos educativos, procurando problematizar o que é possível esperar da participação das crianças nestes contextos. Dessa forma, recupera e analisa relatos de experiências em dois projetos educativos diversos, um na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em uma instituição embasada na educação democrática, e outro na cidade italiana de Reggio Emilia, que tem como base conceitual a pedagogia da escuta. Observou-se que apesar de já existirem alguns contextos educativos que concebem as crianças como sujeitos competentes e capazes e buscam garantir sua participação e escuta, a existência destes contextos ainda é vista como um desafio, tanto prático como teórico. / The conceptions of childhood and child, as well as the social place offered to them, have been modified over the years. Between the time when childhood was not named until the moment when it becomes the object of specific policies, this study seeks to establish a dialogue and broaden the debate about participation and listening to children in educational contexts, trying to problematize what can be expected by children\'s participation in these contexts. In this way, it retrieves and analyzes reports of experiences in two different educational projects, one in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, at an institution based on democratic education, and another in the Italian city of Reggio Emilia, whose conceptual basis is listening pedagogy. It was observed that although there are already some educational contexts that conceive children as competent and capable subjects and seek to guarantee their participation and listening, the existence of these contexts is still seen as a challenge, both practical and theoretical.

Every year, children are subjected to sexual and/or physical abuse or rape, by relatives and/or strangers. We know that it happens in society but due to a large number of unreported cases nobody knows the exact number. Once the children report sexual crimes, professionals argue about the child's credibility. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the district court's (tingsrättens) arguments in order to understand how girls' credibility is presented in relation to other evidence, after they are suspected of having been subjected to sexual abuse. The material we used was twenty-five court cases from district courts in Sweden, where children under the age of fifteen where suspected of having been subjected to sexual abuse. This essay is based on a qualitative method. The collected material has then been analyzed based on Hällgren Graneheim, Lindgren and Lundman's (2023) qualitative content analysis. We have also used Christie's (2001) theory of the Ideal Victim to analyze the children's role as victims. The result showed that most of the children in the court cases were considered credible by the district court. In contrast, the results showed that the defendants who did not receive a conviction lacked corroborating evidence, such as DNA-evidence, witnesses to corroborate their story, messages, photos or video clips. At last, the result showed that when the defendants admitted to the crime, the district court did not argue in quite as much detail about the plaintiff's credibility as in the other court cases.

This study focuses on how children reason about compost and composting in connection with their participation in a longer project that focused on sustainable development. The aim of the study is to learn more about children’s reasoning and how this can contribute to us as preschool teachers being able to develop science education in preschool. In this study, I have based my study as the children’s lifeworld in preschool and what it offers the children. The choice of method has been focusgroup interviews with the children and informal conversations with the teachers concerned. The result show that the children have knowledge about compost and composting, it could be read in the result that they described what happened in a compost and how worms work. The children did not have the opportunity to develop an understanding of the scientific concepts. The teachers used simpler concepts that the children were already familiar with so that the children would understand what happens in the compost. The conclusion shows how important it is that educators acquire increased knowledge and use scientific concepts to give the children the opportunity to develop understanding and knowledge of what the teaching is about. / Denna studie fokuserar på hur barn resonerar kring kompost och kompostering i samband med att de deltagit i ett längre projekt som fokuserat hållbar utveckling. Målet med studien är att lära mer om barns resonemang och hur detta kan bidra till att vi som förskollärare kan utveckla naturvetenskaplig undervisning i förskolan. I denna studie har jag utgått från förskolan som barnens livsvärld och vad den erbjuder barnen i form av möjligheter att genom delaktighet utveckla begrepp och kunskaper inom naturvetenskap med fokus på kompost och kompostering. Metodvalet har varit fokusgruppsintervjuer med barnen för att höra deras resonemang om kompostering. Informellt samtal med de berörda pedagogerna för att jag ville höra hur de hade planerat undervisningen.Resultatet visar att barnen har kunskaper om kompost och kompostering, det kunde utläsas i resultatet att de beskrev vad som hände i en kompost och hur maskar arbetar. Barnen hade inte fått möjlighet att utveckla förståelse för de naturvetenskapliga begreppen. Pedagogerna använde sig av lättare begrepp som barnen redan var bekanta med för att barnen skulle förstå vad som hände i komposten. I slutsatsen framkommer det hur viktigt det är att pedagoger skaffar sig ökade kunskap och använder naturvetenskapliga begrepp för att ge barnen möjlighet att utveckla begrepp, förståelse och kunskaper om naturvetenskap