The WM sector in Nairobi is a failure. Collection rates are deplorable, regulations go unenforced and the municipal landfill is desecrating the environment and killing neighbouring slum dwellers. This paper focuses on the exclusion and marginalization of the slums adjacent to Nairobi’s landfill, Korogocho and Dandora, and uses a post-structuralist theoretical framework to conceptualize a just response to these exclusions and theorize an inclusive approach to waste policy in Nairobi. Building on the work of Jacques Derrida, I present a ‘deconstructive ethic’ for development that is dedicated to mitigating and overcoming the production of alterity, and reintegrating excluded communities and knowledges into the sites of knowledge and policy creation. This ethic is used to formulate a five-part response to the conditions of exclusion experienced in Korogocho and Dandora, and to engage these populations in finding participatory solutions to the city’s waste problem.

This diploma thesis concentrates on the waste disposal in Třinec. The first chapter of the thesis is focused on the theoretical mooring of the waste disposal issue, both on the basis of the valid legal legislation, and the basis of the literature. The second chapter already concentrates on the area of the Třinec waste management itself. It describes the functioning of the waste management system, informs about the aims of the Waste Management Plan and evaluates their continuous fulfilment. Then it acquaints with the waste disposal of both the corporations and the individuals, and it also names the establishments competent to dispose with the waste, situated in the area of theTřinec town. Further, the thesis analyzes the waste evidence system of the corporations and the individuals authorized to the business, describes the weak points of this evidence and proposes to the necessary solutions. Hereinafter, the thesis focuses on the weak points of the waste management system funding, and also suggests the possible solutions on the basis of the valid legislation.

Cette thèse aborde la question de l’implication des ménages dans un service public local d’environnement. Elle propose une analyse économique des mécanismes par lesquels les collectivités territoriales impliquent les usagers du service dans la réduction des déchets et le recyclage, compte tenu de la diversité des situations locales.La thèse est construite en deux parties. La première partie présente les leviers d’action dont disposent les collectivités territoriales pour encourager les usagers du service à des pratiques de gestion des déchets plus respectueuses de l’environnement. La thèse mobilise principalement ici les approches de l’économie de l’environnement pour proposer une grille d’analyse de la politique des déchets à l’échelle des collectivités territoriales. Cette grille d’analyse permet de construire une typologie des mesures mises en place par les collectivités territoriales françaises pour impliquer les usagers du service dans la réduction de la production de déchets et le recyclage. Quatre stratégies d’implication ont été identifiées empiriquement, résumant des combinaisons particulières de mesures développées par les collectivités territoriales.La deuxième partie porte sur les déterminants des choix des collectivités territoriales et sur la capacité des stratégies d’implication à encourager l’effort de recyclage des ménages.Elle propose un modèle microéconomique pour analyser simultanément les décisions des collectivités territoriales et des ménages face au problème de la gestion des déchets ménagers. La thèse s’appuie principalement sur les modèles développés dans le champ de l’économie publique et de l’économie des déchets. Les propositions théoriques formulées dans ce modèle sont ensuite testées empiriquement. La thèse met en évidence l’importance dans les choix publics de la prise en compte des caractéristiques des usagers du service,une politique étant d’autant plus efficace que les usagers sont prêts à la mettre en oeuvre.Elle souligne également que l’effort de recyclage des usagers du service est plus important si les collectivités territoriales ont une volonté affichée de responsabiliser l’ensemble des usagers par des mesures qui contraignent directement la production de déchets. / This thesis deals with the issue of households’ participation to a local public service provision, offering an economic analysis of the strategies developed by local governments in France to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling.In a first part, we present the policy instruments available to local governments in the French context to foster the adoption by households of waste management practices more respectful of the environment. Environmental economics are used here to build aconceptual framework to understand local governments’ waste management policy. On this basis, a typology of the measures undertaken by local governments to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling is developed. We identify four distinct strategies,as specific combinations of the measures implemented by local governments.In the second part, we assess the determinants of local governments’ choices with regard to their waste management strategy and the ability of each strategy to promote recycling effort by households. Drawing on insights from public economics and economicsof household waste management, a microeconomic model is developed to simultaneously analyze local governments and households waste management decisions. Theoretical propositions derived from the model are then empirically tested. The results highlight their mportance for local governments of taking into account households’ characteristics in the definition of their waste management strategy. We also show that households’ recycling effort rises when local governments implement measures directly constraining household waste production.

Leachate clogging in the Leachate Collection System (LCS) due to chemical precipitations and biofilms produced by microbial activities is a common phenomenon in any Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill. This study focuses on quantifying the factors that impact the micro-environment of leachate; and microbial activities that help the precipitates to form and attach to the LCS. It also evaluates the performance of operational changes that have been implemented or the potential alternatives and recommends the possible measures to reduce the severity of clogging. A field scale side-by-side pipe network, and several laboratory setups were used in this study. Calcite is identified to be the predominant phase present in the precipitates using XRD/XRF analysis which, concur with the previous studies. Microbial growth and activities enhance the precipitation of CaCO3 in LCS. Clogging in LCS pipes can be controlled if not eliminated by continuous monitoring along with frequent cleaning with physiochemical processes. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

After the environmental requirements were strengthened during the 1980s, the producers' costs of handling waste increased. With that change, a lucrative market opened up. Organized crime in the environmental industry has become very noticeable in recent years. Following the drug and arms trade, environmental crimes are approaching to be one of the largest. Illegal handling of waste can be seen as littering, dumping illegal waste in forests, ditches or dumping sites, landfills that do not meet environmental requirements, or illegal exports and imports. In the long and short-run illegal waste management can lead to negative consequences for the environment and human health. This study consists of interviews with relevant authorities and the purpose is to map how the authorities view illegal waste management. The purpose also includes mapping out what can be causing the problem and what is being done to reduce it. The choice of the qualitative method with interviews was made with the idea of giving space for individual experiences. The study shows that authorities find cooperation between them as very low, that knowledge and statistics are lacking. With this combination, the management of illegal waste is seen as complex according to the interviews. The authorities have been aware of the problem, but nothing seems to change. Increased cooperation, knowledge, and supervision may work to some extent, but it presumedly takes more than that. The society we live in today must develop to be more sustainable with less consumption.

The diploma thesis focuses on the ways of waste management in an industrial enterprise and the possibilities for its improvement in terms of the waste management hierarchy. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the sustainable development of the company, environmental management systems, as well as state environmental policy. The thesis also describes the legislative framework relating to waste management and defines the rights and obligations relating to the generation, management, manipulation and treatment, and disposal of waste. The own part of the thesis discusses the current situation in the field of waste management, which has been analysed for the purposes of work. Based on this information, a method of waste management is proposed in the last part.

Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafa / El incremento y concentración de la población en determinados espacios, las actividades humanas y el consumismo inserto en la cultura de las personas han acrecentado en grandes cifras la cantidad de residuos que se generan día a día. Lo anterior, junto con un ineficiente manejo de estos, constituye una preocupación prioritaria tanto en ámbito social como político del país. Es por esto, que los residuos que son considerados propiamente tal como “basura” o desechos no aprovechables, constituyen un problema creciente para la salud y la calidad de vida de la población, además la contaminación provocada a los ecosistemas. El propósito de esta investigación es realizar un estudio sobre una de las consecuencias principales de la gestión de los residuos deficiente, en este sentido se hace referencia a los microbasurales, los cuales son considerados como una forma de disposición ilegal de residuos. El área de estudio corresponde a la extensión urbana de la comuna de Colina, ya que en las últimas décadas ha manifestado diversas transformaciones demográficas, económicas y espaciales; debido a que es un área de estudio acotada y sin información previa en esta temática, es que se utilizaron como mecanismos de estudio visitas a terreno, encuestas a la población y revisión bibliográfica pertinente. Entre los principales resultados se identificó los microbasurales presentes en el área de estudio, se caracterizaron y se llevó a cabo la elaboración de tipologías de estos. Adicionalmente se evidenció la presencia de impactos socioambientales y los mecanismos de gestión municipal que buscan evitar la permanencia y formación de microbasurales. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de contar con una institucionalidad a nivel local capaz de coordinar procesos de aprendizaje, vinculando a los múltiples actores involucrados en la temática de los microbasurales, con el objetivo de fortalecer la construcción de comunidades más sustentables con el medio ambiente. / The increase and concentration of the population in certain spaces, human activities and consumerism embedded in the culture of people have increased in large numbers the amount of waste that is generated every day. The foregoing, together with an inefficient management of these, is a priority concern in both the social and political spheres of the country. For this reason the waste considered as "garbage" or unusable waste, is a growing problem for the health and quality of life of the population, in addition to the pollution caused to the ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to conduct a study on one of the main consequences of poor waste management, in this sense reference is made to microbasural, which are considered as a form of illegal disposal of waste. The study area corresponds to the urban extension of the Colina commune, since in the last decades it has manifested diverse demographic, economic and spatial transformations. Because it is a limited area of study and without prior information on this subject, it is that field visits, surveys of the population and pertinent bibliographic review were used as study mechanisms. Among the main results, the microbasurales present in the study area were identified, the typologies of these were characterized and carried out. Additionally, the presence of socio-environmental impacts and the municipal management mechanisms that seek to avoid the permanence and formation of microbasurales were evidenced. Likewise, the importance of having a local-level institutionality capable of coordinating learning processes is highlighted, linking the multiple actors involved in the theme of microbasurales, with the aim of strengthening the construction of more sustainable communities with the environment.

<p>Osnovni cilj teze bio je razvoj modela za vrednovanje indikatora&nbsp;razvoja sistema&nbsp;upravljanja otpadom zasnovanog na višekriterijumskoj analizi.Svrha ovog&nbsp;istraživanja bila je da se identifikuju ključni indikatori&nbsp;koji imaju najveći uticaj&nbsp;na razvoj sistema upravljanja otpadom i koji predstavljaju glavne&nbsp;prepreke prilikom&nbsp;kreiranja uspešnih strategija upravljanja otpadom u Republici&nbsp;Srbiji i drugim&nbsp;zemljama u razvoju. Za ovo istraživanje bilo je potrebno pribaviti&nbsp;stručna mišljenja&nbsp;donosilaca odluka iz različitih zemalja koji imaju iskustva&nbsp;u sektoru upravljanja&nbsp;otpadom u zemljama u razvoju. Primenjena metodologija zasniva&nbsp;se na kombinovanoj&nbsp;primeni analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa, metodi višekriterijumske&nbsp;analize, i&nbsp;preferencijalnoj glasačkoj metodi poznatoj kao Borda metod,&nbsp;koja pripada teoriji&nbsp;društvenog izbora.</p> / <p>The main aim of the thesis was to develop an evaluation model of development indicators of waste management system based on multicriteria analysis. The objective of this research was to identify key indicators and sub-indicators that have the highest influence on the development of a waste management system and that represent the main obstacles when creating successful waste management strategies in Serbia and other developing contries. For this researches, it was necessary to obtain the qualified opinions of decision makers from different countries who have experience in the sector of waste management in developing countries. The applied methodology is based on a combined use of the analytic hierarchy process, from the multi-criteria decision-making set of tools, and the preferential voting method known as Borda Count, which belongs to social choice theory.</p>

Magister Artium - MA / Illegal dumping is a global environmental problem that receives significant management and research attention from various fields of study. Illegally disposed waste (in all of its formats) can cause negative impacts on natural and human environments, and often requires multilevel interventions to abate, or to solve the resultant problems. The impacts of illegal or unsustainable disposal of waste on land, water bodies and the atmosphere contribute to various environmental problems and their levels of intensity at global, regional, national and local scales. Illegal waste disposal also infringes on fundamental human rights that are associated with clean and safe living environments.

This dissertation aimed to assess the potential for community participation in solid waste management. The study took place in Highfields, which is a suburb in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. Two approaches were used to collect the data: qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative methods included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents, resident representative and members of some prominent environmental groups. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires designed in such a way as to capture knowledge attitudes and perceptions. In the course of the study it emerged that people were more concerned with the visual and sanitary impacts of poorly managed or uncollected waste as opposed to the environmental impact. Moreover very few residents were aware of the environmental impacts of inappropriately managed waste. The study revealed that there was a prevailing culture of dependence on municipal management of solid waste. The mentality that waste management is the sole responsibility of municipal authorities is one of the greatest challenges that is proving to be an obstacle in integrating the community in waste management. It is concluded that though there is a definite need for improvement in the current solid waste management system the concept of the community playing a role is hindered by the prevailing attitude that the responsibility of waste management reset in the hands of municipal authorities. Copyright 2008, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Mlanda-Zvikaramba, JC 2008, Exploring the potential for community participation in solid waste management in Highfields Harare, MA dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302012-113635 / > C12/4/4/gm / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / Unrestricted