Burkholderia seminalis tem sido encontrada tanto em interações patogênicas, quanto não patogênicas. O gene wcbE codifica uma glicosiltransferase e pertence ao cluster wcb, que está relacionado à síntese de cápsula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o papel do gene wcbE e da temperatura nas interações microbianas de B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3. A produção de biofilme, EPS e compostos antifúngicos foi maior a 28 ºC. Por outro lado, a motilidade, virulência e respostas ao estresse foram maiores a 37 ºC. wcbE produziu menos biofilme que WT e foi atenuada em G. mellonella a 37 ºC, destacando a importância da glicosiltransferase na patogênese. Além disso, wcbE perdeu a habilidade de inibir fungos fitopatogênicos. Embora B. seminalis seja um membro do Bcc, é eficiente contra patógenos clínicos e ambientais, indicando que esta linhagem pode ter interações múltiplas no ambiente. A temperatura e o gene de glicosiltransferase desempenharam um papel crucial nas interações ambientais de B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3. / Burkholderia seminalis has been found in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic interactions. The wcbE gene encodes a glycosyltransferase and belongs to the wcb cluster, which is related to capsule synthesis. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of the wcbE gene and temperature in the microbial interactions of B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3. The production of biofilm, EPS and antifungal compounds was higher at 28 ºC. On the other hand, the motility, virulence and stress responses were higher at 37 ° C. wcbE produced less biofilm than WT and was attenuated in G. mellonella at 37 ° C, highlighting the importance of glycosyltransferase in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, wcbE lost the ability to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. Although B. seminalis is a member of Bcc, it is effective against clinical and environmental pathogens, indicating that this strain may have multiple interactions in the environment. The temperature and the glycosyltransferase gene played a crucial role in the environmental interactions of B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3.

Cluster ToF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) operated in the event-by-event bombardment/detection mode has been applied to: 1) evaluate and screen the manufacturing quality of step-wise prepared micropatterned biointerfaces; 2) quantify the binding density of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)-antiCD4 conjugates selectively attached on the cell surface; 3) elucidate the biological interaction of proteins and molecules by quantifying the fractional coverage of immobilized biomolecules; 4) enhance the accuracy of secondary ion identification of specific molecules. Briefly, our method consists of recording the secondary ions, SIs, individually emitted from a single projectile impact (C60 1,2+, Au400 +4). From the set of individual mass data, we select events where a specific SI was detected. The selected records reveal the SIs co-ejected from the nanovolume impacted by an individual cluster projectile from an emission area of 10-20 nm in diameter and an emission depth of 5-10 nm. The approach for quantifying the number of AuNPs or that of specific nanodomains is via the concept of the fractional coverage. The latter is the ratio of the effective number of projectile impacts on a specified sampling area (Ne) to the total number of impacts (No). The methodology has been validated with the determination of the number of antibody-AuNP conjugates on a cell, i.e. the number of disease related antigens on a cell via their specific binding sites with the AuNP-labeled antibodies. The number of AuNP-antibodies measured, ~42000 per cell, is in good agreement with literature results. The fractional coverage concept was also used to quantify several variants of biointerfaces. An example is the quantification of biotin and avidin immobilization as a function of the composition of silane substrates. The data collected in the event-by-event bombardment/detection mode expands the scope and quality of analytical information. One can identify SIs co-emitted with two specified SIs (double coincidence mass spectrometry) to inspect a specific stratum of a biointerface. A further refinement is the selection of events meeting a double coincidence emission condition. This mode enables the identification of nano-object of a few nm in size, which eliminates (anticoincidence) interferences from substrates.

Clusters are spatial agglomerations of firms in related industries. Although industry clusters have existed for centuries, the cluster concept has only recently been formulated in economic terms and has begun to attract considerable interest from scholars and policymakers over the last 20 years. A vast literature has examined all kinds of clusters and how clustering relates to innovation, growth, and other forms of economic performance of firms and regions. The cluster concept has provided a framework for thousands of national, regional, and local initiatives around the world. Yet, both research and policy efforts have yielded varying and sometimes contradictory results. This dissertation revisits some of the most basic questions about clusters. Using an approach that treats agglomeration and proximity effects as separate but related phenomena, it examines three fundamental aspects of clusters. First, it proposes a way to measure agglomeration more accurately and presents more detailed data on clusters in Europe than have previously been available. Second, it analyses the benefits of clusters for new firms and for regions. Third, it examines how clusters are “organised” through cluster initiatives. The results presented here carry implications for the study of clusters in economic geography, strategic management, and cluster policy research. They also contribute to our knowledge of cluster organisations and are of interest to both policymakers and cluster practitioners. Göran Lindqvist is a researcher at the Center for Strategy and Competitiveness at the Stockholm School of Economics. He has published books and articles about clusters and cluster policy, and he has conducted numerous cluster-related projects for international and national public agencies in Europe and the USA. www.sse.edu/csc / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009 Sammanfattning jämte 7 uppsatser</p>

This thesis addresses the issue of cluster dynamics. The theoretical basis is the Porter’s diamond model of industrial clusters and the analysis pursued in the thesis considers the impact of foreign ownership on Porter’s determinants of successful cluster: factor conditions, demand conditions, supported industries and, finally, firms’ strategies and structures. According to Porter, sustainability of clusters is a function of its dynamics and propensity to change, which in turn depends on these four components of the national home base. The analysis is based on a comprehensive set of case studies conducted for the life science industrial cluster located in the Stockholm-Uppsala area. The results indicate that foreign ownership has positive effect on the dynamism of the cluster.

No description available.

One of the most widely used techniques for data clustering is agglomerative clustering. Such algorithms have been long used across any different fields ranging from computational biology to social sciences to computer vision in part because they are simple and their output is easy to interpret. However, many of these algorithms lack any performance guarantees when the data is noisy, incomplete or has outliers, which is the case for most real world data. It is well known that standard linkage algorithms perform extremely poorly in presence of noise. In this work we propose two new robust algorithms for bottom-up agglomerative clustering and give formal theoretical guarantees for their robustness. We show that our algorithms can be used to cluster accurately in cases where the data satisfies a number of natural properties and where the traditional agglomerative algorithms fail. We also extend our algorithms to an inductive setting with similar guarantees, in which we randomly choose a small subset of points from a much larger instance space and generate a hierarchy over this sample and then insert the rest of the points to it to generate a hierarchy over the entire instance space. We then do a systematic experimental analysis of various linkage algorithms and compare their performance on a variety of real world data sets and show that our algorithms do much better at handling various forms of noise as compared to other hierarchical algorithms in the presence of noise.

El fraude con tarjetas de crédito es uno de los problemas más importantes a los que se enfrentan actualmente las entidades financieras. Si bien la tecnología ha permitido aumentar la seguridad en las tarjetas de crédito con el uso de claves PIN, la introducción de chips en las tarjetas, el uso de claves adicionales como tokens y mejoras en la reglamentación de su uso, también es una necesidad para las entidades bancarias, actuar de manera preventiva frente a este crimen. Para actuar de manera preventiva es necesario monitorear en tiempo real las operaciones que se realizan y tener la capacidad de reaccionar oportunamente frente a alguna operación dudosa que se realice. La técnica de Clustering frente a esta problemática es un método muy utilizado puesto que permite la agrupación de datos lo que permitiría clasificarlos por su similitud de acuerdo a alguna métrica, esta medida de similaridad está basada en los atributos que describen a los objetos. Además esta técnica es muy sensible a la herramienta Outlier que se caracteriza por el impacto que causa sobre el estadístico cuando va a analizar los datos. / The credit card fraud is one of the most important problems currently facing financial institutions. While technology has enhanced security in credit cards with the use of PINs, the introduction of chips on the cards, the use of additional keys as tokens and improvements in the regulation of their use, is also a need for banks, act preemptively against this crime. To act proactively need real-time monitoring operations are carried out and have the ability to react promptly against any questionable transaction that takes place. Clustering technique tackle this problem is a common method since it allows the grouping of data allowing classifying them by their similarity according to some metric, this measure of similarity is based on the attributes that describe the objects. Moreover, this technique is very sensitive to Outlier tool that is characterized by the impact they cause on the statistic when going to analyze the data.

Die Dissertation besteht aus zwei Teilen: im ersten Teil wird das Verhalten von kleinen Edelgasclustern in intensiven Laserfeldern theoretisch untersucht. Im zweiten Teil wenden wir die Bohmsche Mechanik auf die Untersuchung von Helium und des Wasserstoffmolkülions (H_2^+) in intensiven Pulsen an. Im ersten Teil wird zunaechst ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, welches es erlaubt, unter Mitnahme aller Elektronen die die Dynamik kleiner Edelgascluster in starken Feldern zu simulieren. Anschliessend wird detailliert untersucht, wie die Expansion eines Clusters Einfluss auf dessen Absorptionseigenschaften nimmt. Wir verallgemeinern dabei den aus der Molekuelphysik bekannten &amp;quot;enhanced-ionization&amp;quot; Mechanismus auf den Bereich der Clusterphysik. Im zweiten Teil wird die in der Bohmschen Mechanik gegebene Moeglichkeit einer mikroskopischen Untersuchung der Wellenfunktionsdynamik verwendet, um atomphysikalische Prozesse unter einem neuen Aspekt zu betrachten. Der Ionisationsprozess des Wasserstoffmolekuelions im starken Lichtfeld wird eingehend untersucht, insbesondere die Frage, bei welchen Kernabstaenden die Ionisation stattfindet. Fuer das Heliumatom liefert die Analyse der zur Einfach- bzw. Doppelionisation fuehrenden Anfangszustaende der Bohmschen Testteilchen neue Einblicke in das nichtsequentielle Ionisationsverhalten.

Der Vortrag beschreibt Stand, Entwicklung und Realisierung der Virtualisierungsinfrastruktur am Universitätsrechenzentrum der TU-Chemnitz in Form einer technischen Sicht.

Diese Dissertation wendet komparative Methoden an, um eine vergleichende Analyse von einigen ausgewählten praktischen Beispielen von ‚Clustering‘ in dem Handlungsfeld der Erziehung in China. Auf der Grundlage der strukturellen, hierarchischen und funktionellen Herangehensweisen der Systemtheorie und auch in Anbetracht der sozialen wirtschaftlichen und pädagogischen Implikationen des Clusters in der Beruflichen Bildung werden die Theorie von Porter (und deren Erweiterungen), die Theorie des Humankapitals und die Theorie der Bildung für die Wahl der für einen Vergleich erforderlichen Kriterien (tertium comparationis) herangezogen. Aus den verfügbaren Berichten über Implementationsversuche wurden die Implementationsmodelle der Cluster von Henan, Shanghai, Hainan, Yongchuan und Yantai ausgewählt. Alle Erfahrungen aus diesen Regionen wurden in zwei Kategorien gemäß ihrer Eigenschaften als professionelle und regionale Cluster untersucht. Die komparativen Analysen verweisen jeweils auf die oben erwähnten drei Kriterien. In Anbetracht der in den praktisch umgesetzten Modellen offenbar gewordenen Probleme werden zusätzlich einige internationale Erfahrungen herangezogen und auf ihre Erfolgskomponenten hin untersucht, z.B. wie man Faktoren für das Cluster verbindet oder wie man Anreize für die Teilnahme von Unternehmen am Cluster setzt. Auf der Grundlage der theoretischen Analyse der praktischen Erfahrungen in China sowie andernorts werden abschließend einige Vorschläge für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Clusterings entwickelt. / This dissertation applies comparative methods to make analyses on some selected implementation modes of clustering in the field of vocational education in China. Based on the structural, hierarchical and functional aspects of the theory of system, and also in consideration of the social economical and educational features of clustering in the field of vocational education, Porter’s theory and its amended models, theory of human capital and theory of education are reviewed for the choice of comparative criteria. On the basis of the available information, some representative implementation models are selected from Henan (province, South China), Shanghai (provincial level city, East China), Hainan (province, Central China), Yongchuan (prefectural level city, West China) and Yantai (Prefectural level city, North China). All the experiences from these areas are grouped and compared in two categories according to their features: professional clustering and regional clustering. And comparative analyses are made in reference to the above-mentioned three criteria. In consideration of the problems revealed in the implementation models, some international experiences are referred as examples in some practical aspects, such as of how to connect factors for clustering, of how to assist the clustering to live through its whole lifespan, and of how to get enterprises involved. Furthermore, some suggestions for future development of clustering are also made from theoretical point of view.