<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger förhåller sig till konflikter mellan elever och vilka modeller de använder sig av för att förebygga och lösa konflikter. Som bakgrund till studien har vi genomfört en litteraturstudie som behandlar ämnet konflikt och orsaker till varför de uppstår. Det är viktigt att som lärare ha grundläggande kunskaper inom konflikter och konfliktlösning, eftersom de dagligen uppstår tvister i skolan. Den undersökningsmetod vi använt oss av består av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi intervjuade sju pedagoger på två olika grundskolor i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna i stort hade samma synsätt på konflikter och konfliktlösning. Det visade likaså att de båda skolorna arbetar förebyggande mot konflikter.</p>

Software development outsourcing is a very common way to gain source for information system among government and private business. Although there are lots of advantages of software development outsourcing, if one do not really understanding outsourcing correctly, not only expected results cannot be met, there will be additional problems. From the past research data and real cases, there are lots of problems shown. There are always lots of participants involved in product development, thus conflicts are very closely associated with participants. If conflicts do not get solved immediately or root caused had not been found right away, conflicts always results in large damages to developments. For example, there are hidden conflicts with in ambiguous document format and request. When mistakes stack up and do not get solved right away, they will become potential conflicts. However, most members do not pay too much attention to the reasons how conflict occurred or to ways of solving but pay more attention on teamwork and professionalism. There were lots of research done in the past regarding the conflicts between customers and suppliers of software development outsoursing; most of them are limited in reseach conflicts of orgination and individuals. Most research methods are market research or individual interviews there is no in depth research regarding the conflict events with long period of data collection and analysis; also tracking the major factors for the root causes. This research method involoved two real cases. We observe, record, and collect data from the real events and interviews participants. We investigate the causes of conflicts between customers and outsourcing suppliers by framing theory. Then we analyzed the cognition of customers and outsourcing suppliers toward conflicts during the research period. Then, this research result came from using six main conflict frames work as conflict types : identity, characterization, fact, power, loose versus gains, process. After the data was collected, we use consistent comparison as a foundation. The purpose is to cross exam the data and found the root causes before and after conflict resolution. In software industry, when people encounter conflicts or found problems of conflict, this research helps them to understand the root cause faster and it provides great resource for project managers. By using real cases records and results as examples to find the root cause or potential problems; people could come to neutral agreement by using conflict management to satisfy both parties.

Conflicts between humans and leopards have intensified in the Junnar Forest Division (JFD), India due to a combination of factors: loss of natural habitats, increasing rural human densities, and increasing leopard populations. These rural and agrarian communities that have large sugarcane plantations are vulnerable to these conflicts in the form of livestock depredation and attacks on humans, which decrease the tolerance of locals towards leopards and may undermine local wildlife conservation activities. This study used structured interviews to explore local resident's views, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behavioral intentions towards leopards and their conservation. The mean attitudes and behavioral intentions of respondents (N = 154) was found to be positive towards leopards and their conservation. To understand behaviors towards leopards and their conservation, a socio-psychological theory, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), was used. Results indicate a stronger attitudinal influence on locals' behavioral intention towards leopards and leopard conservation. Although several socioeconomic and demographic variables were found to be statistically significant in relation to attitudes, this study revealed the existence of social, psychological, and cultural variables that shape the locals' perceptions of leopards and their conservation. The current study shows that local peoples' attitudes toward leopards are complex, with the view held by the same person often being characterized by both negative and positive aspects. This study does reveal positive dimensions to the local peoples' perceptions of leopards, which are relevant to conservation of this animal and serve as a foundation for recommendations regarding regulatory interventions and educational and management strategies for the future.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger förhåller sig till konflikter mellan elever och vilka modeller de använder sig av för att förebygga och lösa konflikter. Som bakgrund till studien har vi genomfört en litteraturstudie som behandlar ämnet konflikt och orsaker till varför de uppstår. Det är viktigt att som lärare ha grundläggande kunskaper inom konflikter och konfliktlösning, eftersom de dagligen uppstår tvister i skolan. Den undersökningsmetod vi använt oss av består av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi intervjuade sju pedagoger på två olika grundskolor i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna i stort hade samma synsätt på konflikter och konfliktlösning. Det visade likaså att de båda skolorna arbetar förebyggande mot konflikter.

Konflikter finns överallt i samhället, inte minst i organisationer och företag. Att beskriva olika ledares sätt att hantera konfliktsituationer i sitt ledarskap var därför intressant. Syftet med studien var att undersöka ledares upplevelser av ledarskap och sätt att hantera konflikter. Undersökningen baserades på 14 intervjuer med ledare som har personalansvar från både privat och offentlig sektor. Studien är könsmässigt balanserad. En kvalitativ ansats valdes för att få en så rik och beskrivande bild som möjligt. Resultatet visade att ledare agerar utifrån en omedveten strategi för att hantera konflikter. Samtidigt framkom att det fanns paralleller mellan ledarskapstil och sättet att hantera konflikter. En könsaspekt beaktades också i undersökningen. Inga direkta könsskillnader kunde påvisas härvidlag.

A post-conflict society tends to get locked in a history war. As the practice of history in its broad sense is a moral craft, representations of guilt and victimhood prevail in social memory. The representations are often bolstered by mythical references, wherefore deconstruction of myths is expected from history education for the purposes of post-conflict reconciliation. This article deals with the post-conflict uses of history in Finland, South Africa and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The three cases constitute examples of a class war, a race conflict and an ethno-religious armed clash. The memory politics and history curricula differ between the cases. Their comparison indicates, how far an imposition of one ´truth´, a dialogue of two ´truths´ and segregation of different memory communities are feasible strategies of post-conflict history education. The article suggests that history lessons can be an asset instead of a liability in the pursuit of reconciliation.

An enhanced attitudes methodology within the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) is developed and applied to a range of environmental disputes, including a sustainable development conflict, an international climate change negotiation and a selection of brownfield conflicts over a proposed transfer of ownership. GMCR and the attitudes framework are first defined and then applied to a possible Sino-American climate negotiation over reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. A formal relationship between the attitudes framework and relative preferences is defined and associated mathematical theorems, which relate the moves and solution concepts used in both types of analysis, are proven. Significant extensions of the attitudes methodology are devised in the thesis. The first, dominating attitudes is a methodology by which the importance of a decision maker’s (DM’s) attitudes can be used to evaluate the strength of a given state stability. The second, COalitions and ATtitudes (COAT), is an expansion of both the attitudes and coalitions frameworks which allows one to analyze the impact of attitudes within a collaborative decision making setting. Finally, the matrix form of attitudes, is a mathematical methodology which allows complicated solution concepts to be executed using matrix operations and thus make attitudes more adaptable to a coding environment. When applied to environmental management conflicts, these innovative expansions of the attitudes framework illustrate the importance of cooperation and diplomacy in environmental conflict resolution.

Conflicts are a natural part of people's daily lives and we all know that they cannot be avoided. Equally common are conflicts in school as an institution, not at least in the interaction between teachers and students. The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers think and reflect on the various classroom conflicts that arise with students, and which preventive measures the teachers use. This study intends to answer the following questions; What is it that characterizes conflicts between teachers and students in middle school?     How do teachers think that these conflicts can be prevented and what solutions can be applied? I have used in this study a qualitative research method as a tool. This study examines how teachers reflect and discuss about their perceptions of classroom conflicts. My theoretical connection consists of the senior lecturer in pedagogic, Arne Maltén and his ideas of communication theories. He describes different perspectives that teachers can relate to in the prevention of conflicts that may arise.                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The results of my study reveal that teachers receive a negative view of conflicts while they share different approaches of how conflicts could be prevented. The teachers are aware that conflicts at school are impossible to avoid but at the same time they decide to deal with them with their own methods. There are a number of these which can be applied in dealing with conflicts. Some teachers do not shy away from the conflicts, while others choose to avoid them. In school and in learning environment there should be a constructive approach to prevent conflicts.

This qualitative study explored conflict resolutions in everyday setting by applying grounded theory method to data on real-life conflict experiences. The data represent 53 graduate students (27 male and 26 female) of 20 different nationalities. After careful coding, we found seven categories. By applying a dimensional analysis model, we not only identified that ¢wpreparation for resolving conflict¡ü is the central phenomenon but also explored how conflict origins, casual condition, contextual condition, intervening condition, resolution strategies and consequences are related to the central phenomenon and the dynamics among themselves. This helped in developing a grounded formal theory that provide a detailed picture of the complex process of conflict resolution in everyday setting by covering its origins, dynamics, resolution strategies, consequences, and effects in different contexts. Detailed explanations with ample examples from the data were provided. Implications for future researchers and practical implications are discussed.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 15, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Charles Davis. Includes bibliographical references.