Verdazyl radicals started receiving attention as substrates for organic synthesis only a few years ago. Since then, the chemistry of verdazyl radicals has advanced at a very fast rate. There are now a number of generations of novel molecular scaffolds derived from verdazyl radicals. Traditionally, verdazyl radicals have been synthesized from mono-substituted alkyl hydrazine and phosgene, which are extremely dangerous to handle. Alkyl hydrazines are restricted from being imported into certain countries, including Canada. A completely new alkyl hydrazine- and phosgene-free synthesis is reported in this thesis. The new synthesis, relative to previously reported syntheses of verdazyl radicals, is safer, more economical and provides the ability to derivatize verdazyl radicals to a larger extent. In addition, enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various metal- or organo-catalysts are reported. The project is still in progress with the highest e.e. of > 90%.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Verdazyl radicals started receiving attention as substrates for organic synthesis only a few years ago. Since then, the chemistry of verdazyl radicals has advanced at a very fast rate. There are now a number of generations of novel molecular scaffolds derived from verdazyl radicals. Traditionally, verdazyl radicals have been synthesized from mono-substituted alkyl hydrazine and phosgene, which are extremely dangerous to handle. Alkyl hydrazines are restricted from being imported into certain countries, including Canada. A completely new alkyl hydrazine- and phosgene-free synthesis is reported in this thesis. The new synthesis, relative to previously reported syntheses of verdazyl radicals, is safer, more economical and provides the ability to derivatize verdazyl radicals to a larger extent. In addition, enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various metal- or organo-catalysts are reported. The project is still in progress with the highest e.e. of > 90%.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Hannover.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Würzburg.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Dresden.

O (-)-?-bisabolol é um produto natural abundante na natureza, possui atividades biológicas reconhecidas, que o torna extremamente interessante para as indústrias de cosméticos e fármacos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo à preparação de novos compostos com possíveis aplicações biológicas, agregando valor ao produto natural. Durante as transformações procura-se trabalhar com metodologias ecologicamente corretas (Green Chemistry). O trabalho foi dividido em 4 (quatro) partes principais: oxidação, cicloadição, alquilação e acetilação. A oxidação alílica do (-)-?-bisabolol usando trióxido de cromo (CrO3) forneceu o Deodarone (tetraidro-2,2,6-trimetil-6-(4-metil-3-cicloexen-1-il)-4H-piran-4-ona) com 45,3% de rendimento. A cicloadição [1+2] entre diclorocarbeno e o (-)-?-bisabolol usando CETABr ou KF/Al2O3 originou o 4-(2,2-dicloro-3,3-dimetilciclopropil)-2- (7,7-dicloro-6-metilbiciclo[4.1.0]hept-3-il)-2-butanol com rendimentos de 92% e 97% respectivamente. A alquilação do álcool benzílico com o produto resultante da cicloadição gerou o 4-((2,2-bis(benzilóxi)-3,3-dimetilciclopropil)-2-(7,7- bis(benzilóxi))-6-metillbiciclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-il)butan-2-ol, o rendimento obtido foi de 92%. A epoxidação do (-)-?-bisabolol forneceu o Óxido de Bisabolol B: 1-metil- 1-[5-(4-metil-3-cicloexenil)tetraidro-2-furanil]etil álcool com rendimento de 30%. A acetilação do (-)-?-bisabolol utilizando DMAP ou ZnCl2 forneceu o 2-acetil-(S)-2- metil-2-((R)-4-metillciclohex-3-enil)hept-5-eno com rendimentos de 72,6% e 76,5% respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos foram bastante promissores e podem ser expandidos para trabalhar com outros grupos de moléculas com atividades biológicas. Todos os compostos foram caracterizados por RMN13C (apt). / The (-)-?-bisabolol is a natural product abundant in nature, it has recognized biological activities, which makes it very interesting for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. This work aims to prepare new compounds with potential biological applications, adding value to natural product. During the transformation we seek to work with eco-friendly methodologies (Green Chemistry). The work was divided into four (4) main parts: oxidation, cycloaddition, alkylation and acetylation. The allylic oxidation of (-)-?-bisabolol using chromium trioxide (CrO3) provided Deodarone (tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3- cicloexen-1-yl)-4H-pyran-4-one) with 45,3% yield. The cycloaddition [1+2] between dichlorocarbene and (-)-?-bisabolol using CETABr or KF/Al2O3 afforded the 4 - (2,2-dichloro-3 ,3-dimethylcyclopropyl) -2 - (7,7-dichloro-6-methylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-yl)-2-butanol with yields of 92% and 97% respectively. Alkylation of benzyl alcohol with the product resulting from cycloaddition generated the 4-(2,2-bis (benzyloxi)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropil)-2-(7,7-bis(benzyloxi)) - 6 - methylbicycle[4.1.0] heptan-3-il)butan-2-ol, the yield was 92%. The epoxidation of (-)-?-bisabolol provided the Bisabolol Oxide B: 1-methyl-1-[5- (4-methyl-3-cicloexenil) tetrahydro- 2-furanyl] ethyl alcohol with yield of 30%. Acetylation of (-)-?-bisabolol using DMAP or ZnCl2 gave the 2-acetyl-(S)-2-methyl-2-((R)-4-metillciclohex-3-enyl) hept- 5-en with yields of 72,6% and 76,5% respectively. The results were very promising and can be expanded to work with others groups of molecules with biological activities. All compounds were characterized by RMN 13C (apt).

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Santos Coelho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T23:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melgar_GliseidaZelayaran_M.pdf: 8149347 bytes, checksum: 2b29b731feb41c073037e3801e461f87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: O ácido g-aminobutírico (GABA) é o mais importante neurotransmissor inibitório presente no Sistema Nervoso Central. Ele sozinho é responsável por 34% de todas as sinapses que ocorrem no cérebro. A ação do GABA no SNC é realizada através da interação com dois tipos diferentes de receptores, classificados por Hill e Bowery como GABAA e GABAB. Esses receptores apresentam diferentes propriedades de ligação e, conduzem quando ativados, a efeitos biológicos diferentes. O ácido 4-amino-3(R)-4-clorofenilbutírico (baclofen) é um agonista seletivo para o receptor GABAB, que apresenta um certo grau de lipofilicidade, podendo com isso atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica. A necessidade de se desenvolver substâncias que podem atuar como antagonistas seletivos levou ao desenvolvimento do faclofen, do saclofen e do hidroxisaclofen. Nesse trabalho avaliamos a utilização de duas estratégias sintéticas numa nova abordagem para a preparação de derivados conhecidos e não conhecidos do Baclofen. Exploramos inicialmente uma estratégia já conhecida em nosso laboratório, que se baseava no emprego de uma a,a'-diclorociclobutanona, obtida através de uma reação de ciclo adição [2+2]. Essa última foi transformada na lactona 7. Várias tentativas de abertura dessa lactona foram realizadas, conduzindo a g-dicloroéster 1, o álcool éster sililado 9, o diol 11 e o g-iodoéster 15. De todas as tentativas, aquela que forneceu o intermediario 15 foi a de melhor rendimento. Esse último pode ser transformado no amino álcool 18, importante intermediário para a síntese de homólogos do Baclofen. Além disso, avaliamos também o aduto de Baylis-Hillman 19, como matéria prima para a preparação de derivados do Baclofen. Esse foi reduzido quimiosseletivamente para fornecer o diol 28. Proteção desse diol forneceu o cetal 36, que teve a dupla ligação submetida a uma reação de clivagem oxidativa com OsO4/NaIO4 para fornecer a acetona 37 com 78% de rendimento. A adição de um reagente organolítio derivado do 4-bromoclorobenzeno sobre a carbonila de 37 forneceu o intermediário para a síntese dos derivados hidroxilados do Baclofen. Essa segunda abordagem nos permitiu estabelecer uma nova aproximação à síntese total de derivados do Baclofen, uma importante classe de compostos terapêuticos / Abstract: The g-aminobutiric acid (GABA) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter present in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). This acid is responsable for 30% of all the synapses occuring in the human brain. The action of GABA in the SNC is carried out through the interaction with two different types of receptors, classified by Hill and Bowery as GABAA and GABAB. These receptors present different binding properties, which led to different biological effect when activated. There are in the literature several examples of substances acting on GABAA receptor, however there are only few examples acting on GABAB. The 3-(R)-4-amino-3-(4chlorophenyl)butanoic acid or Baclofen is the only therapeutically available GABAB agonist known. This compound is used on the treatment of spasticity, a serious disease characterized by an increase muscle tone usually perceived as muscle tightness or achiness in the limbs and associated normally with multiple sclerosis (MS). Besides Baclofen there are others known substances acting on GABAB receptors as antagonist. In this class we can notice phaclophen, saclophen and hydroxysaclophen. In this work we describe our results concerning the exploitation of two strategies aiming to the preparation of intermediates to the synthesis of Baclofen derivatives. Initially we have explored a strategy will documented in our laboratory, based on the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction the a,a'-dichlorocyclobutanone, obtained from the cycloaddition was transformed in the lactone 7, by ring expansion. The opening of the lactone was very troublesome and led to the g-dicloroester 1, the silylated alcohol ester 9, the diol 11 and the g-iodoester 15. The g-iodoester 15 easily obtained from 7 by treatment with TMSI was transformed into the amino alcohol 18, an important intermediate for the synthesis of Baclofen homologue series.We have also evaluated the potentiality of the Baylis-Hillman adduct 19, as starting material for the synthesis of Baclofen derivatives. The Baylis-Hillman adduct was chemoselectivily reduced to provide the diol 28, which was transformed to the ketal 36. The exocyclic double bond of 36 was transformed to ketone 37 in 78% yield, by oxidative cleavage with OsO4/NaIO4 The addition of the organolithium reagent derived of 4-bromoclorobenzene on the carbonyl of 37 led to the isomers 40 and 42. These intermediates can be used to the synthesis of hidroxylated derivatives of the Baclofen and the Baclofen itself. This second strategy has permitted to us establish a new approach to the total synthesis of Baclofen derived of this important class of therapeutically useful compounds / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Carlos Roque Duarte Correia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T11:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_LuizFabriciodaSilva_M.pdf: 1610950 bytes, checksum: 7d31330e73f1ffeb923f119448edcc2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esfingolipídios são compostos naturais que apresentam uma miríade de atividades biológicas conhecidas. A esfingosina é o exemplo mais representativo desta classe de compostos. Este trabalho está relacionado com a síntese de um análogo cíclico da esfingosina. A primeira parte esteve relacionada com a preparação do hidroxilactol F. Inicialmente o enecarbamato B foi preparado a partir da 2-pirrolidinona A através de 2 metodologias; a mais eficiente realizada em "one-pot" com rendimento global de 60%. A funcionalização da dupla endociclica do enecarbamato B foi efetuada com sucesso a partir da reação de cicloadição do tipo [2+2] com dicloroceteno. Esta reação levou a formação da a, a-diclorobutanona C em excelente rendimento (90%). A remoção dos cloros de C com um liga de Zn/Cu em uma solução metanóica de NH4Cl, levou a obtenção da ciclobutanona D em moderado rendimento (50%). A irradiação ultravioleta na presença de ácido acético, seguida pela substituição do grupamento acetil, com BF3-OEt2, pelo grupamento tiofenol, e finalmente a eliminação em meio básico sob refluxo, forneceu o diidrofurano E em bom rendimento global (4 etapas em 53 %). A reação de diidroxilação do diidrofurano E com OsO4 realizada em bom rendimento (87%) completou a sintese do hidroxilactol F. A segunda parte deste trabalho esteve realizada com os estudos visandose à síntese de um análogo cíclico da esfingosina. A melhor rota encontrada foi a reação do hidroxilactol F com [Ph3PCH3]+Br- que levou a obtenção da olefina desejada em baixo rendimento. A reação de metátese com 1-octadeceno, realizada em bom rendimento (80%) e a desproteção de G com Et3SiH e CF3CO2H alcançada em bom rendimento (89%), completaram a síntese do composto. A síntese convergente do análogo cíclico da esfingosina, partindo-se da 2- pirrolidinona A foi alcançada em 14 etapas e com rendimento global de 14% / Abstract: Sphingosine are natural compounds that bear multiple known biological activities. The sphingosine molecule is representative of this class of biological compounds. The present study is related to the synthesis of a new cyclic analogue of sphingosine. The first part of this dissertation was focused on the synthesis of the hydroxy lactol F. The synthesis began with distinct methodologies: The most efficient one was realized by a ¿one-pot¿ procedure to provide the enecarbamate B in 60% overall yield. The endocyclic double bond funcionalization of B was performed with sucess employing a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with dichloroketene. This reaction yielded the corresponding a,a-dichlorocyclobutanone C in excellent yields (90%). The removal of the chlorine atoms of C was carried out using a Zn/Cu alloy in a methanol solution of NH4Cl, to give the cyclobutanone D in moderate yieelds (50%). Ultraviolet irradiation of D in the presence of acetic acid, followed by replacement of the acethyl group by thiophenol, promoted by BF3-OEt2, and elimination in basic medium under reflux, provided the dihydrofuran intermediate E in good overall yields (53% over 4 steps). Finally, stereoselective dihydroxylation of E with OsO4 furnished the hydroxylactol F in 87% yield. In the second part of this dissertation we focused on the synthesis of the cyclic analogue of sphingosine. The best route examined involved the olefination of the intermediate hydrolactol F wiht [Ph3PCH3]+Br- to provide the desired trans olefin in low yields. Olefin metathesis of this olefin with 1-octadecene gave intermediate G in a good yield of 80%. Next, the Boc protected olefin G was deprotected with Et3SiH and CF3CO2H to provide the desired cyclic analogue of sphingosine in 89% yield. The stereocontrolled total synthesis of this new cyclic analogue of sphingosine was accomplished from 2-pyrrolidinone A in 11 steps with an overall yield of 14% / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química