Abstract Enhancing national and corporate competitiveness in the trend of globalization has been the commonly sought strategic vision for both the public and private sectors of the 21st century. Management of human resource is one of the many important factors that may result in a successful realization of the strategic vision. Providing a more complex social function, which includes dealing with public affairs and providing public property, public sector plays a whole different role than the economic exchange of market performed by the private sectors (Baldwin,1987; Rainey,1983). The multiple roles taken on by various government institutions necessitate them to be simultaneously concerned with the practices of social fairness, responsibilities, and justice while performing their routine functions of promoting employment rate, economic development, social welfare and security policies etc. This results in a working context different from that of private employees with its characteristic diversified or even mutual-conflicting job goals which give rise to occasional confronting situations. Characterized with its diversified differences of demography, job nature and specialized expertise, government sectors have long been challenged in the area of personnel management by the social capital impact suffered from the conflicts and negative emotions exhibited by their team members. Organization which based its development on the heroic single-handled or self-content way of management will soon find itself struggling to survive in a fast-changing and intensive competitive environment which emphasizes on teamwork and strategic alliance. ¡§Social capital¡¨ is commonly known as a relative new concept proposed in the wake of conventional manpower capital, organizational capital and customer capital. It is regarded as an extremely important new alternative as an intellectual capital to the organization in the net-economics. Simple defined as ¡§the potential power of social connections,¡¨ the basic premise of ¡§social capital¡¨ is founded on the consequential supposition that an individual or a team with better interpersonal relationship network will better its chance to attain organizational goal by mobilizing resources available in the organization. If, when mobilizing its team members, governmental sectors adopt the concept of social capital, they can dissolve obstacles of integrating cross-departmental human resources originated from sectionalism. In short, governmental sector with good and established personal network will succeed more easily in forming its team-based organization. The long-held negative pubic impressions of perfunctory observance of routine job, corruption and dysfunction, arrogance and carelessness presented by the administrative system have recently worsened by a series of major events of public engineering, such as the incident-ridden THSR. This indicates a bureaucracy that seriously lacks of crisis consciousness and maneuverability as well as a deficiency of courage to actively take on responsibility and flexible adoptability. Asides from those practices stipulated specifically in law, there are some vague areas existing in the legal margins. Confronted with this ambiguity, public servants are subjected to the stress of having to make unnecessary personal choices (Zhan Jing-fen, 2001) that keep mounting on in an unceasing sequence. To make things worse, their existing stress is added by the pressure from the tedious work of governmental reengineering program. As such, emotion management aiming at releasing stress and pressure is currently gaining increasing attention from the public. Intending to explain the correlation between the diversification of and conflicts in the team-based organization of government institutions and the social capital, this study will further explore how and what organization network, norms, trust, recognition, and promise that team-based governmental organization can construct in their application of personnel management strategy when faced with goal discrepancy, negative emotions and trans-departmental conflicts. Hopefully, we may provide a useful reference for various public sectors that set their minds on creating an organization based on the culture of mutual trust, cooperation, co-existence and shared-prosperity. Finally, a new culture of job recognition and value-directed attitude of public servant will then transform into the core value of active public service.

Recognition memory - a type of episodic memory in long term memory - is known in the literature to be affected by emotion, aging and the modality of the presented stimuli. The major aim of this study was to investigate whether emotional stimuli enhances recognition memory. Another goal was to observe whether modality and aging effects are present and differentiable in a non-Western subject sample. In literature, emotion studies were based on mainly two dimensions of emotions: valence and arousal. However, the contribution of these two dimensions to the enhancement of recognition memory still needs clarification. The present study investigated specifically the effect of valence on recognition memory. Moreover, the experimental manipulations of this study allowed observing the effect of valence on recognition memory due to normal aging. Since modality of the presented stimuli is a major confounding factor on recognition, separate experiments involving visual and verbal stimuli were designed. Pictures and words were selected on the basis of valence and arousal ratings. The stimulus set of the visual recognition memory task consisted of the pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) (Lang et al., 2005). The stimulus set of the verbal recognition memory task was constructed from partially standardized material for affective norms of Turkish emotional words (METU TEW), which was developed as a part of this study. METU TEW allowed selecting words with positive, neutral and negative valence while controlling arousal. The results replicated two findings reported in the literature: (1) younger adults recognized more accurately than older adults / (2) recognition memory was enhanced for visual items regardless of age and valence. Interestingly, this study revealed that recognition memory was not enhanced for emotional stimuli varying only on the valence dimension. More specifically, there was a decline in recognition memory for positive items and no change was observed for negative items, regardless of age. Further analysis also revealed that there may be differential effects of abstractness and concreteness on verbal recognition memory in aging.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the tendency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors to use the emotional intelligence (EQ) skills and their attitudes towards the teaching of EQ skills in EFL classes. The quantitative data were collected through a demographic inventory and two questionnaires. In the quantitative data gathering process, 140 EFL instructors working at Atilim University, BaSkent University, Bogazi&ccedil / i University and Erciyes University participated. In order for an in-depth interpretation of the questionnaire results, semi-structured interviews were held with 10 EFL instructors. The results of the study revealed that there is a relationship between the tendency of EFL instructors to use the interpersonal skills and their classroom applications related to the teaching of these skills in EFL classes. The tendency of EFL instructors to use the intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability and general mood skills were also found to correlate with their beliefs related to the teaching of these skills in EFL classes. Another outstanding finding of the study is that the tendency of EFL instructors&rsquo / to teach EQ skills is lower than both their tendency to use EQ skills and their tendency to believe that EI skills should be taught in EFL classes. Furthermore, the analysis of the demographic information along with the questionnaire results revealed a correlation between the tendency of EFL instructors to teach EQ skills in their classes and their gender, workload and the type of the institution they work. The results also revealed that there is a relationship between the beliefs of EFL instructors related to the teaching of EQ skills in EFL classes and their workload.

No description available.

Word of mouth has been playing an essential role while consumers make their purchase decision since ever, and its diffusion is becoming much faster via the internet nowadays. Surfing the internet gathering information before making the purchase, the so-called ¡uWisdom of Crowds¡vshopping pattern is taking its shape and possibly going to become the main trend in the future. Thus, electronic word of mouth does play an important part during the process of consumers¡¦ decision making, and more and more consumers start to ponder what to believe on the internet. As a result, trust is becoming the key factor if the consumers can take electronic word of mouth into their consideration or not. This research discusses how message sideness appeal and emotion in electronic word of mouth affect consumers¡¦ trust under a positively framed message and a negative framed message. This research adopts experimental method, distributes questionnaire and analyze the data with SPSS12.0. The results present message sideness appeal and emotion have impacts on consumers¡¦ trust. Two-sided appeal can cause higher consumers¡¦ trust than one-sided appeal whether under a positively framed message or a negative framed message. Emotion also plays an important part between message sideness and consumers¡¦ trust during the process of diffusion of electronic word of mouth. The results can not only help the word-of-mouth senders to develop an appropriate writing pattern to make electronic word of mouth more credible and effective, but also provide the business a brand-new point of view and some practical suggestions to develop a new marketing strategy.

This essay aims to explore the transformational writing of ¡§emotion¡¨ and ¡§women¡¨ embedded in The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber in the field of Chinese women study during the Ming and Qing Dynasty of China, attempting to testify that text is writer¡¦s grand work to establish humanitarian caring. The research purposes lie in the following areas. First, the contemporary research leans toward the integrative approach. Hence, how can traditional text and contemporary research subject be well blended to generate continuous interpretations? Second, in light of text, what is the most significant meaning of the text while deciphering The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber from the perspectives of time and space? Third, how to evaluate the continuality and transformation of the textual spirit embedded in The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber? In terms of the scholarship, this essay hopes to expand the author¡¦s early work entitled ¡§Illustrated Fine-lined Portrait Novel of The Dream of The Red Chamber in the Qing Dynasty¡¨ (1992), which investigates the aesthetic views of illustrated fine-lined portrait novel of The Dream of The Red Chamber. On the other hand, this essays combines the author¡¦s recent research on Chinese gender study. Consequently, this essay attempts to study two ¡§Romance¡¨ Classics¡XThe Peony Pavilion from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century and The Dream of The Red Chamber from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century. The essay deepens its caring about emotion and women in order to discover the consistent remote sound of life value crossing from the Ming-Qing era to the contemporary period, highlighting the humanitarian significance of text. Moreover, it explores the theme of caring to pinpoint the meaning of text, providing an innovative approach for the frequent but weak interpersonal caring attitude in our contemporary life. This essay examines texts in an attempt to integrate texts and gender with field of caring ethics to some extent, expanding the plausibility of interpreting texts to multiple explanations and extending rich and coexisting meanings. In particular, it analyzes female images written by male writers. It first probes into the emotion writing and women writing in The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber respectively. Then it compares and contrasts the emotion writing and women writing of these two classics as well as the comparison and continuality of activity space. These two classics are known for its emotion characteristics. For instance, the emotion of Du Li-niang and the emotion of Jia Bao-yu both denote writers¡¦ experiences and status, the components and levels of endorsements, emotion between Du Li-niang and Liu Meng-mei, background, ending, and application of emotion between Jia Bao-yu and Lin Dai-yu, as well as Du Li-niang¡¦s and Liu Meng-mei¡¦s female experiences, activities, space, and skills. Put differently, this essay respects and promotes women¡¦s consciousness. The main characters in The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber, such as Du Li-niang, Liu Meng-mei, Jia Bao-yu, and Lin Dai-yu, speak for the writers and turn themselves into ¡§ideal lovers.¡¨ ¡§Typical Lady¡¨ is the ¡§ideal woman¡¨ created by the writers for the female roles. While shaping the ideal image for Du Li-niang and for Lin Dai-yu, the long-term gender dilemma of women is also highlighted as the important description of the texts. In addition, the earlier studies on Ming-Qing women¡¦s situation and image have biased conclusion that male texts tend to be presented with flair of patriarchal domination. In contrast with female texts, male texts deserve further exploration. Furthermore, some men held positive views on women during the Ming-Qing era. Coincidentally, these men overlapped with the writers who stressed the importance of emotion. Consciousness often takes precedence over implementation. Scholars remark that prior to the booming of Western feminism in the 18th century, women¡¦s consciousness was already popularized during the Ming-Qing Era in the 16th and 17th century, which not only paved the way to the new women¡¦s thinking but also set up foundation for introducing Western feminist concepts. This essay is divided into five chapters. Chapter One includes research purpose, research focus, research methodology, and research questions. In particular, it discusses writers¡¦ psychological basis of caring via emotion and women, including the discussion and molding of emotion and women in the long-term Chinese thinking. The focus of this chapter consists of impact of Confucianism, politics, and education on emotion writing and women writing, thinking background of writing on emotion and women in late Ming Dynasty, positive views of emotion, as well as women¡¦s confinement, reflection, and representation. Chapter Two investigates writing and caring about emotion and women as described in The Peony Pavilion. The focus of this chapter includes Tang Xian-zu¡¦s life story and his life-long emotion-oriented writing transformation and determination, the content and level of emotion theme in The Peony Pavilion as well as the pursuit of true emotion process and aesthetic significance occurred between Du Li-niang and Liu Meng-mei. Chapter Three discusses writing and caring of emotion and women, including textual pursuit of Grand theme emotion as described by writer Cao Xue-qin, implication and level of theme emotion as portrayed in The Dream of The Red Chamber, the pursuit process of emotion alliance and aesthetic significance occurred between Jia Bao-yu and Lin Dai-yu as well as significance of female artistic ability as found among Lin Dai-yu, Wang Xi-feng, and Jia Tan-chun. Chapter Four compares these two classic texts, including text inheritance, meaning and difference of emotion and women caring, and transformation and contrast, such as meaning of transformation among emotion, ideal emotion, ideal women, and women space. Chapter Five concludes male texts of The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of The Red Chamber, analyzing its value on oneself, female caring, and contemporary meaning.

Recent work has suggested that emotion regulation of inner emotional experience requires fewer cognitive resources for older adults than for young adults (Scheibe&Blanchard-Fields, 2009). The present study investigated whether cognitive costs are reduced for various types of emotion regulation strategies or only for certain types. The suppression of emotional expression, for example, is a particularly costly strategy for young adults, but little information exists regarding its cognitive costs for older adults. Furthermore, suppression of emotional expression is not a strategy that older adults are likely to use or that they become more effective at using. By contrast, the regulation of inner emotional experience has been shown to be more effective in older adults and presents less of a cognitive cost. The present study examined the cognitive costs of regulation of inner emotional experience (to conceptually replicate previous findings) and the cognitive costs of suppression of the outer expression of emotion. The results suggest that regulating and suppressing emotions do not require the same degree of resources for older and young adults. Whereas older adults may require more resources to suppress expression of emotions than to regulate emotions, young adults appear to require more resources to regulate emotions than to suppress the expression of emotions.

<p>Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by social dysfunction. People with schizophrenia misinterpret social information and it is suggested that this difficulty may result from visual processing deficits. As faces are one of the most important sources of social information it is hypothesized that people suffering from the disorder have impairments in the visual face processing system. It is unclear which mechanism of the face processing system is impaired but two types of deficits are most often proposed: a deficit in face perception in general (i.e., processing of facial features as such) and a deficit in facial emotion processing (i.e., recognition of emotional facial expressions). Due to the contradictory evidence from behavioural, electrophysiological as well as neuroimaging studies offering support for the involvement of one or the other deficit in schizophrenia it is early to make any conclusive statements as to the nature and level of impairment. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the key mechanism and abnormalities underlying social dysfunction in schizophrenia.</p>

<p>The aim of this essay is to investigate how paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenic patients differ in the processing of emotional facial expressions from healthy individuals, and how this could lead to deficits in the area of social cognition. Researchers have conducted many behavioral and neuroimaging studies on facial emotion processing and emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in recognizing and processing emotional facial stimuli. It is known that patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia also show differences in facial emotion processing. It has also been shown that patients with schizophrenia uses different strategies in the processing of emotional faces compared to healthy individuals.</p>

<p>Dagens teknologiska samhälle ställer höga krav på människan, bland annat gällande att processa information. Vid utformning av system tas det numera vanligtvis hänsyn till människa-datorinteraktionen (MDI) för att erhålla en så hög användbarhet som möjligt. Affektiv Informatik, som är ett utvecklat sätt att förhålla sig till MDI, talar för att utveckla system som både kan uppfatta och förmedla emotioner till användaren. Fokus i rapporten är hur ett system kan förmedla emotioner, via dess färgsättning, och därmed påverka användarens emotionella tillstånd. En kvantitativ undersökning har utförts för att ta reda på hur färger kan användas i ett system för att förmedla känslouttryck till användare. Vidare har en jämförelse gjorts mellan undersökningens resultat och tidigare teorier om hur färg påverkar människans emotioner för att ta reda på huruvida de är lämpliga att tillämpa vid gränssnittsdesign. Resultatet pekade på en samständighet med de tidigare teorierna, men med endast en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan blått och gult gällande behagligheten.</p>