The Kruger National Park (KNP) management has recently made considerable progress in enacting new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. However, the interlinkages among the new policies to support biodiversity conservation and management have not been evaluated, particularly the principles and approaches, and how these interact in terms of policy decision-making at the economic and political levels. This study seeks to evaluate the interlinkages among the new policies and how they affect one another, as an avenue to promote a more integrated and comprehensive policy implementation. These policies include the tourism policy, the elephant management policy, and the water provision policy. At policy-making level, the integration of these three policies enhances the possibilities for balancing and controlling the pressures exerted on environmental resources. At the implementation level, it offers a framework for the coordination of the interventions of the policies in space so as to recognise and capitalize on their synergies. Given the inevitably multifarious and departmentalized nature of policy formulation in the KNP, there is a need for the analysis of interlinkages amongst policies. The conceptual framework underpinning this study derives much from Briassoulis’ (2004) policy integration. The research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods, and focuses on selected camp sites within the Park. The findings indicate that current procedures for tourism policy-making and implementation are weak, and little is done by way of impact assessment. This has been attributed to the lack of capacity at the KNP. The findings also reconfirm that policy-making is too fragmented. As a result, policy coordination and cooperation among park managers is weak. This study suggests that an environmental policy integration approach can lead to improved policy-making and implementation. Informed by the data collected from interviews, questionnaires and document analyses, a management framework has been developed to demonstrate how an integrated approach to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) or management can help sustain the practice of wildlife tourism and support biodiversity conservation. It is concluded that greater realisation of integrated policy-making and implementation in the KNP can be achieved by establishing a formal coordinating office. However, a special feature of KNP policy-making is its widespread consultation system that can provide a fertile ground for enhancing EPI.

This study explored the perceptions of beneficiaries of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) with regard to the role that RDP houses play socially, psychologically, and physically in the lives of occupants after moving from an informal settlement into RDP houses. Given that the said housing programme targets disadvantaged people, it was important to understand their own perceptions of these houses. The study also explored the perceptions of government officials in regard to their experiences relating to RDP houses. A case study approach was adopted and Bronfenbrenner‟s ecological theory of human development was used as the theoretical framework to guide this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants. First, Group A comprised three RDP participants who lived in an informal settlement before relocation to their RDP houses. Second, Group B comprised three participants from the national, provincial and local offices of the governmental human settlements departments respectively. Data were analysed and four main themes as well as the subthemes emerged from the analysis. The four main themes are the bolstered sense of psychological well-being; access to basic services, amenities, and benefits of an improved infrastructure; pride of ownership; and ownership as a form of personal economic development or empowerment. Findings suggested that the participants reflected expressions of joy, a sense of permanence, a feeling of being home, hope for the future, and an absence of worry. These meanings and interpretation of home ownership reflect how the participants identify with their RDP houses and how pleased they are to own a house. Basic services enhance their overall quality of life in relation to their psychological, physical and social well-being. Interestingly, access to socio-economic services and amenities such as connected water and electricity inside The Experience of Moving from an Informal Settlement to a Secure Stable Home 4 the houses, the availability of schools and clinics, transport services, and a habitable environment, were found to play an important role in the lives of the participants. However, factors which hamper the success of RDP housing and compound the hopelessness of living in an informal settlement as well as the problems that RDP home owners encounter, which restrain their pride of ownership are: ambivalence over restrictions or limitations imposed by building regulations, the size of the houses, the poor quality construction, and envy at improvements made to subsequent RDP houses. In conclusion, the findings add to a greater theoretical understanding of the factors contributing to human development and the factors that impede the effectiveness of the housing programme. These factors draw attention to a number of important issues regarding RDP housing, which may assist housing practitioners, and in particular, policy developers, in developing policy that may be more useful in meeting the needs of the people. This could enhance the existing housing programme as well as alert the housing practitioners to existing shortcomings and offer them the opportunity to become acquainted therewith. These factors that impede RDP ownership suggest a need for the government and other relevant stakeholders to engage in the issues that prevent the successful implementation of the housing programme thereby maximising the effectiveness of the housing programme, primarily in order to strive to improve the lives of previously disadvantaged people. / Social Work / MA SS (Psychology)

The focus of this study is an investigation of the language policy and language policy implementation in the Department of Correctional Services of South Africa. Language usage is a right of all the citizens of South Africa as enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) which is the supreme law of the country. It is imperative that language policy makers in the Department of Correctional Services should adhere to the provisions of the constitution. It also aims at establishing whether the Department of Correctional Services’ policy is aligned to the national language policy framework as well as provincial language policy framework that provide for the use of the eleven (11) official languages in general and in particular. In this research study, background information serves to give an overview of how language policy of South Africa since 1994 has been perceived by various scholars and the historical overview of the language policies during the apartheid era. The African languages were given a low status as the language diversity of South Africa was not acknowledged by the government of that day. The evaluation of the contents of language policies that were used previously and currently in the Department of Correctional Services shed light to the issues of language attitude, language choice and language use in this department. During the apartheid era there were working languages set for prisoners as well as staff regarding communication either verbally or in writing in the Department of Correctional Services. The official languages were English and Afrikaans of which the latter was dominant. The question of whose language, for what purpose and how was it received was also investigated. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2015-01-09T16:44:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (1).pdf: 1786841 bytes, checksum: 4726b9ec68d7285172ed4a76605d87b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-01-27T17:25:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (1).pdf: 1786841 bytes, checksum: 4726b9ec68d7285172ed4a76605d87b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-27T17:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (1).pdf: 1786841 bytes, checksum: 4726b9ec68d7285172ed4a76605d87b5 (MD5) / A pesquisa investigou os impactos da política esportiva do Ministério do Esporte – ME, entre os anos de 2003 a 2012, tendo o seguinte problema de investigação: o que aponta o balanço político das diretrizes e ações do Ministério do Esporte, enquanto principal expressão da política esportiva brasileira no século XXI? Partiu-se do pressuposto de que as políticas de alívio da pobreza e dos grandes eventos contribuíram para a consolidação dos interesses do capital monopolista e de frações de classe burguesa. Com isso, o estudo teve como objetivos: discutir a função que exerce a política do Ministério do Esporte para ampliação dos interesses da burguesia interna e externa; identificar os elementos estruturantes da política esportiva brasileira no século XXI; discutir a relação da política esportiva nacional com o processo de recomposição da hegemonia da burguesia a partir da criação do ME; apontar as contradições existentes entre o direcionamento dos recursos financeiros do ME, quando comparados à democratização do acesso aos projetos e programas. Para análise dos dados, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, tendo em vista a investigação do documento “Política Nacional de Esporte”; leis e atas de reuniões do Conselho Nacional de esporte – CNE; deliberações das Conferências Nacionais de Esporte; o documento “Balanço da Gestão do Ministério do Esporte, 2003-2010” e matérias produzidas pelo Ministério do Esporte; demonstrativos financeiros da Lei Agnelo/Piva relacionados ao Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro – COB; matérias de sites e blogs sobre as ações do Ministério do Esporte no período. Como principais conclusões do estudo, destaca-se a constatação de que a política do Ministério do Esporte se voltou para um processo de estatização do financiamento do esporte de alto rendimento e descentralização dos recursos públicos ao Terceiro Setor para o fomento do esporte educacional. No que diz respeito às Conferências Nacionais de Esporte, as principais deliberações de interesse da classe trabalhadora pouco tiveram interferência nos rumos da política esportiva brasileira deste período. Sobre os megaeventos esportivos, desde a criação do ME eles tiveram presentes nos objetivos do governo materializados através das entidades esportivas organizadoras oficiais destas competições, como forma de projeção do país no âmbito internacional e expansão dos negócios de setores do capital nacional e internacional. Em contraponto à defesa destes como gerador de legados sociais, destaca-se que os maiores beneficiados foram os aparelhos privados de hegemonia do esporte de alto rendimento e empresas, através das concessões na utilização dos principais estádios de futebol, política de isenção fiscal e descentralização dos recursos públicos para a realização de projetos esportivos. / ABSTRACT The research investigated the impacts of sports policy of the Ministry of Sport - ME , between the years 2003-2012 , with the following research problem : What indicates the political balance of guidelines and actions of the Ministry of Sports as the main expression of the political Brazilian sports in the XXI century? There was an assumption that the policies of poverty alleviation and major events contributed to consolidate the interests of monopoly capital and the bourgeois class fractions. Thus , the study aimed to: discuss the role it plays the politics of Sports Ministry to expand the interests of domestic and foreign bourgeoisie ; Identify the structural elements of Brazilian sports policy in the twenty-first century ; Discuss the relationship of the national sports policy in the process of rebuilding the hegemony of the bourgeoisie since the creation of the ME ; Pointing out the contradictions between the channeling of financial resources of ME , compared to the democratization of access to projects and programs. To analyze the data, there was a documentary research in order to investigate the document " National Policy on Sport " ; laws and minutes of meetings of the National Council of Sport - CNE ; deliberations of the National Conference of Sport ; the document " Review of Management of the Ministry of Sport , 2003-2010 " and materials produced by the Ministry of Sports ; financial statements of the Law Agnelo / Piva related to the Brazilian Olympic Committee - COB ; materials of websites and blogs about the actions of the Ministry of Sports in that period. The main conclusions of the study, there is the realization that the policy of the Ministry of Sports turned to be a process of nationalization of the financing of high performance sports, and decentralization of public resources to the Third Sector for the promotion of sport educational. Regarding the National Conference of Sport, the main deliberations of interest of the working class had little interference in the course of Brazilian sports policy of this period. On mega sporting events since the creation of the ME they were present in the materialized government objectives through sports entities official organizers of these competitions, seeking the projection of the country internationally and expanding business sectors of national and international capital. In contrast to the defense of these as social legacy generator, it is highlighted that the biggest beneficiaries were private apparatus of hegemony of the elite sports and companies, through the use of concessions in major football stadiums, tax exemption policy and decentralization of public resources for realization of sports projects.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_wgc_me_assis.pdf: 1161981 bytes, checksum: 6d5db086a0188bcb6b1dd44f4d413f96 (MD5) / A Agência Nacional de Cinema (ANCINE) é uma autarquia vinculada ao Ministério da Cultura que foi criada pela Medida Provisória 2.228-1/01, no contexto da reforma administrativa do governo do Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso. O surgimento da Agência se constituiu em um marco regulatório da indústria cinematográfica nacional no período posterior ao processo de retomada na década de 1990, como resultado das discussões realizadas por representantes dos segmentos que se ligam à atividade no âmbito do 3º. Congresso Brasileiro de Cinema – CBC, no ano 2000, impelindo o governo a criar o Grupo Executivo para o Desenvolvimento da Indústria do Cinema – GEDIC. Nesse grupo estavam presentes representantes de pastas ministeriais e de setores interessados na produção cinematográfica e sua comercialização. Sua implantação se deu no ano de 2002, mas até 2005 sofreu com as dificuldades de implementação das suas atividades finalísticas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os mecanismos de incentivo originados nesse processo e em anos anteriores – Lei Rouanet e do Audiovisual – que possibilitaram a institucionalização do setor cinematográfico nacional e colocá-los em uma perspectiva histórica, identificando as modificações introduzidas e as permanências verificadas. Além disso, pretendemos analisar a documentação que aborda os primeiros anos de funcionamento da Agência e o possível impacto no setor. Por fim, a partir da trajetória de Gustavo Dahl, primeiro Diretor-Presidente do órgão, entender as visões que permearam a elaboração do projeto, sejam elas marcadas por continuidades ou rupturas, e problematizar a própria criação da instituição. Nesse sentido, buscar explicações para o tipo de institucionalização pelo qual se optou e para o modelo de política pública voltada para o setor audiovisual, do qual a... / The National Agency of Cinema - ANCINE is a federal autarchy under the Ministry of Culture which was established by Provisional 2.228-1/01 in the context of administrative reform of the government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The emergence of the Agency constituted a regulatory framework of the national film industry in the period after the resumption process in the 1990s as a result of discussions held by representatives of the segments that bind to the activity under 3º Brazilian Congress of Cinema - CBC, in 2000, prompting the government to create the Executive Group for the Development of Film Industry - GEDIC. In this group were present representatives of ministerial portfolios and sectors interested in film production and marketing. It was implemented in 2002, but ate 2005 suffered from the difficulties of implementing its final activities. The objective of this study is to analyze the incentives arising in this process and in previous years - Rouanet and Audiovisual Laws - which enabled the institutionalization of the national film industry and put them in a historical perspective, identifying the changes made and stays checked. In addition, we intend to analyze the documentation that covers the first years of operation of the Agency and the possible impact on the sector. Finally, from the path of Gustavo Dahl, first Chief Executive of the body, understand the views that permeated the development of the project, whether marked by continuities or ruptures, and to discuss the creation of the institution itself. In this sense, seeking explanations for the kind of institutionalization by which they chose and for the model of public policy directed to the audiovisual sector, which ANCINE is the convergence space and to identify the problems, especially economic, still present in activity and overcome... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Lack of access to essential medicines has proven to be a persisting problem which is in conflict with the goal of realising the right to health envisaged by the South African constitution and international human rights instruments. With more than twenty years of democracy, South Africa is still plaguing with a multiplicity of pandemics such as HIV and AIDS, cancer, malaria, tuberculosis, among others, leading to premature death and untold suffering of the people. According to a 2015 United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) Gap report, South Africa is still regarded as the epicentre of HIV and other infectious diseases. The 2015 UNAIDS Gap report states that South Africa has more women than men living with HIV and AIDS. The report further indicates that the impact of this pandemic is worsened by the inaccessibility of essential medicines that are vital for life saving. This dissertation posits that the epidemiological health crisis described above can be largely eradicated through the utilisation of the right to health. The right to health, according to this dissertation, contains a legal and transformative power which can be utilised to limit the negative impact of patent laws on access to essential medicines in South Africa. This dissertation validates the long held view that World Trade Organisation (WTO) intellectual property laws have contributed to the inaccessibility of essential medicines through causing patent ever greening, patent linkages and pharmaceutical company’s monopolies. Consequently, many marginalised groups in South Africa lack access to essential medicines owing to the higher prices charged for such medicines thus violating the right to health, life and other fundamental human rights. The right to health which is the immediate right infringed when there is lack of access to essential medicines form the core theme of this dissertation. This dissertation argues that access to essential medicine is a fundamental part of the right to health protected under international and national human rights instruments. This dissertation further argue that the right to health imposes obligations which requires South African government to take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to provide access to essential medicines. The dissertation‘s key contribution is its proposed solutions on how to ensure that patents rules in South Africa are tamed with obligations consistent with the right to health. If properly implemented, these solutions have the potential to give greater specification to the normative commitments imposed by the right to health in the patent claims scenarios.

The objective of the research was to determine the role which South African trade policy played in shaping the development of the domestic petrochemical industry. The focus of the study falls on the domestic development of the petrochemical industry in general, and the polymer industry in particular. Three broad stages are distinguished in the domestic development of the petrochemical industry. Prior to the early 1970's development occurred primarily on an ad hoc basis, with the establishment of domestic production plants for most major petrochemicals. The development of the domestic petrochemical industry over the period from the early 1970's to the early 1980's was characterised by rapid growth in the domestic production of petrochemicals, while the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's saw a significant slowdown in the annual growth rate for the domestic production of petrochemicals. The role of trade policy in the industry's development over each of these three periods could not be established conclusively. In each period a number of factors were identified which may have impacted on the industry's development. However, two factors do appear to have played particularly important roles in the industry's development prior to the early 1980's, namely strong growth in domestic petrochemical demand and the provision of a substantial degree of protection through quantitative import controls and tariffs. with regard to the industry's development over the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's, a number of factors were identified which may have influenced trends in domestic petrochemical production, including the withdrawal of quantitative import controls and the progressive lowering of import tariffs, the depreciation of the rand in the mid-1980's, a slowdown in the growth of the domestic demand for petrochemicals, the fall in the international prices of petrochemicals in the early 1980's, and the fall in the international oil price in the mid-1980's. In view of the small size of the domestic petrochemical market it is recommended that local petrochemical producers should continue to expand their focus beyond that of producing solely for the requirements of the domestic market. In light of the key role played by the petrochemical industry in a modern economy, it is also recommended that the industry in South Africa receive more attention from policy makers than it has in the past.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / It is an accepted fact that small businesses are the economic growth "engines" in developed countries. This reality is given as the main reason for the active involvement of local government, in promotion and development of small enterprises, with the purpose of reversing the trend of growing unemployment in South Africa (even with high economic growth rates) and reducing the high poverty index. Internationally, local municipalities have become primary players in supporting and promoting small business. Prior to 1994, local government in South Africa is perceived to have played a passive role in this field. This study aims to evaluate and critically analyse local government's involvement in the support and promotion of small enterprises on the Cape West Coast (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in order to stimulate greater government involvement in small enterprise development. The study follows a qualitative approach in the form of interviews with a sample comprising of emerging entrepreneurs in the fishing, tourism, engineering, mining and agricultural economic sectors. On the basis of the findings, specific recommendations are made for the promotion of small enterprises as a vehicle for reducing the level of poverty.

Looking primarily at the social and political trends in South Africa over the course of the last century and a half, this thesis explores how these trends have contributed to the establishment of the southern Africa cannabis complex. Through an examination of the influence which the colonial paradigm based on Social Darwinian thinking had on the understanding of the cannabis plant in southern Africa, it is argued that cannabis prohibition and apartheid laws rested on the same ideological foundation. This thesis goes on to argue that the dynamics of cannabis production and trade can be understood in terms of the interplay between the two themes of ‘prohibition’ and ‘resistance’. Prohibition is not only understood to refer to cannabis laws, but also to the proscription of inter-racial contact and segregation dictated by the apartheid regime. Resistance, then, refers to both resistance to apartheid and resistance to cannabis laws in this thesis. Including discussions on the hippie movement and development of the world trade, the anti-apartheid movement, the successful implementation of import substitution strategies in Europe and North America from the 1980’s, and South Africa’s incorporation into the global trade, this thesis illustrates how the apartheid system (and its collapse) influenced the region’s cannabis trade.

A regionalização do turismo, adotada pelo Ministério do Turismo como política nacional de desenvolvimento da atividade, apresenta diretrizes operacionais para orientar sua implementação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar aspectos da sustentabilidade de territórios turísticos, nesse conjunto de passos operacionais do Programa de Regionalização do Turismo, sob a perspectiva do conceito de agenciamento. Em um primeiro momento é realizado um alinhamento entre o tema da sustentabilidade e o conceito de agenciamento, elaborado por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Esta etapa inicial, de alinhamento, permite a identificação dos aspectos processual, problematização e técnica como critérios passíveis de análise nos documentos do Programa de Regionalização. Os referidos documentos são constituídos por nove módulos operacionais e um material conceitual sobre a sustentabilidade. Neste sentido, em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa pode ser classificada como aplicada quanto a sua finalidade e exploratória quanto aos seus objetivos. Os dados empregados são secundários e foram coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. As técnicas de análise dos dados são predominantemente qualitativas, com foco na análise de conteúdo e nas suas técnicas de análise temática e de enunciação. O resultado da pesquisa mostra, por um lado, que a regionalização do turismo é uma proposta promissora quando sugere o agrupamento de territórios similares, como meio de favorecer aos municípios maior êxito na atividade turística. Por outro lado, porém, infere-se que a aplicação desse processo nos moldes sugeridos pelo MTur, por meio dos módulos operacionais do Programa de Regionalização, carece de amadurecimento no que tange, principalmente, à adoção de técnicas inovativas e criativas de planejamento e gestão que, considerando as diferentes realidades dos territórios nacionais, possam estimular a potência de ação dos territórios. / The regionalization of tourism, adopted by the Ministry of Tourism as the activity’s development national policy, presents operational guidelines to direct its implementation. The present work has as its main goal to analyze aspects of the sustainability of touristic territories, inside those Tourism Regionalization Program operational steps, from the perspective of the concept of arrangement. First, it is presented an alignment of the sustainability subject and the concept of arrangement, developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. This lining up initial step allows the identification of procedural, problematizational and technical aspects as potential criteria for analysis in the Regionalization Program’s documents. Those documents consist of nine operational modules and one conceptual material about sustainability. In that sense, methodologically speaking, the research can be classified as applied regarding its purpose and exploratory regarding its objectives. The data used are secondary and were collected through literature and document search. The data analysis techniques are predominantly qualitative, focusing on content analysis and its thematic and enunciation techniques. The results of this reasearch show, on one hand, that the regionalization of tourism is a promising proposal when it suggests grouping similar territories as a way of encouraging municipalities to achieve greater success in tourism. On the other hand, however, it implies that the application of this process in the manner suggested by the Ministry of Tourism, through the operational modules of Regionalization Program, lacks maturity with regard mainly to the adoption of innovative and creative planning and management techniques which, considering the different realities of the national territory, can stimulate the power of action of the territories.