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The implementation of integration policy has in recent times been a major problem for the municipal administrations in Swedish municipalities. The concept of integration is considered to be very diffuse, difficult to apply and implement the following decisions. To understand the concept of integration is the first step, followed by understanding its complexity in an organization. In this study, I focus on studying the implementation of integration policies for integration work with Kalmar Municipality as a case study. I am using Lundquist's implementation theory about understanding, able and willing. The survey consists primarily of interviews but also a certain document to get a perspective on how integration policy has gone into integration work with the hypothesis that it is the understanding that weaknesses of the officials in the implementation of integration policies. The final result was that the discretion and resources inadequacies of officials in the implementation of integration policies.

Based on an external school review, a large suburban high school outside a southeastern United States metropolitan area was not in compliance with state technology standards. The school leadership team concluded that because teachers were not effectively integrating technology for teaching, student achievement may have been negatively influenced. The purpose of this nonexperimental project study was to measure relationships among factors influencing degree of implementation of technology (ITC) in the classroom using Dewey's experiential theory with an emphasis upon constructivism as a theoretical framework. A modified survey, Technology and Professional Development Survey of Georgia High School Teachers, was distributed to all teachers in the local school (N = 109). The 8 research questions addressed the relationship between the dependent variable, Degree of ITC, and the independent variables: teacher disposition, instructional support, availability of technology, teacher collaboration, access and use of computers at home, teacher's level of education, number of years of teaching experience, and teacher participation in the Georgia Technology Initiatives. Using multiple regression and Chi-Square analysis, this quantitative investigation identified significant relationships between degree of ITC and both teacher disposition (B = .279, r = .473, p = .002) and instructional support (B = .249, r = .403, p = .012). These findings lead to professional development for increasing the use of technology for improving compliance with state technology standards, thus promoting positive social change through improved teaching and learning.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Title Cashews by SMS – an implementation in Mozambique</p><p>Problem</p><p>Innovation is described by Tidd, Bessant and Pavitt (2005) as the core</p><p>process within organisations associated with renewal and as generic</p><p>activity associated with survival and growth. Yet many organisations</p><p>fail to realise the benefits of adopting an innovation. Which the theory will show this is most likely due to a problem with one certain phase in the innovation process: the implementation.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose with this academic paper is by a practical example</p><p>illustrate the risks and problems one can come across in an</p><p>implementation and the consequences of this. We also intend to give</p><p>suggestion on how it is possible to restart an implementation process</p><p>when the process once has failed.</p><p>Research questions</p><p>Why has marketAlerts failed to be implemented in Mozambique?</p><p>How should IPEX resume the implementation of marketAlerts?</p><p>Methodology</p><p>Ethnographical approach.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our conclusion is that the Institute for Export Promotion (IPEX) has</p><p>managed to adopt marketAlerts but has failed to implement it in their</p><p>daily work mainly due to the fact that they only completed the</p><p>acquiring phase. The failure is due to a combination of hierarchy, lack of interest and absents of routines for sending marketAlerts. In order for IPEX to make the best use of marketAlerts we believe that they have to go back and start from the executing phase and implement the service once again.</p>

In 2001, the province of Ontario implemented a new policy aimed at incorporating best practices from the literature into probation and parole services. This new policy, named the Probation and Parole Service Delivery Model (PPSDM), has several objectives, including: a) employ assessment-based decisions; b) assume a case management approach in probation and parole supervision; c) consider risk to reoffend and criminogenic needs in intervention and supervision; d) reserve the highest level of supervision for those most at risk to reoffend; and, e) use the least intrusive levels of intervention necessary while ensuring public safety. The policy also included the development of five supervision streams based on risk level, criminogenic needs, and other factors, for which supervision and intervention standards differ (Côté, 2003). A random sample of 200 from each of the five streams was chosen from 2004 and 2005 and matched to a sample supervised prior to PPSDM implementation (from 1998) resulting in an overall sample of 2890 offenders. The groups were compared on various measures of recidivism to determine whether the PPSDM has been effective in reducing recidivism. No significant differences in recidivism rates were found between the comparison and PPSDM groups. However, the recidivism was marginally less severe for the PPSDM groups, along with higher rates of fail to comply type offences. These results suggest possible increased enforcement of technical violations, which may have contributed to the lack of significant differences in recidivism rates. Results are discussed in relation to effective correctional practices and policy implementation.

In 2001, the province of Ontario implemented a new policy aimed at incorporating best practices from the literature into probation and parole services. This new policy, named the Probation and Parole Service Delivery Model (PPSDM), has several objectives, including: a) employ assessment-based decisions; b) assume a case management approach in probation and parole supervision; c) consider risk to reoffend and criminogenic needs in intervention and supervision; d) reserve the highest level of supervision for those most at risk to reoffend; and, e) use the least intrusive levels of intervention necessary while ensuring public safety. The policy also included the development of five supervision streams based on risk level, criminogenic needs, and other factors, for which supervision and intervention standards differ (Côté, 2003). A random sample of 200 from each of the five streams was chosen from 2004 and 2005 and matched to a sample supervised prior to PPSDM implementation (from 1998) resulting in an overall sample of 2890 offenders. The groups were compared on various measures of recidivism to determine whether the PPSDM has been effective in reducing recidivism. No significant differences in recidivism rates were found between the comparison and PPSDM groups. However, the recidivism was marginally less severe for the PPSDM groups, along with higher rates of fail to comply type offences. These results suggest possible increased enforcement of technical violations, which may have contributed to the lack of significant differences in recidivism rates. Results are discussed in relation to effective correctional practices and policy implementation.

In an effort to strengthen democracy in the union, the EU in 2005 took a new approach to communications policy to reach out to the citizens. The strategic document "Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate" was accompanied by two other documents, and the three of them were the core of this policy. Both democracy and communications work means at EU level a higher complexity than in the nation-state arena. Objective of this study is to examine how the implementation of Plan D has turned out in a democracy renewal perspective. To achieve that answers are sought to questions concerning the goals of Plan D, how they are still present today, what happened in practice regarding the efforts that are highlighted, and how the substance of the activities can be judged from a democratic theory perspective. Implementation theory, communication theory and democratic theory are central elements in answering these questions. The study is divided into three analytical levels: European, national, regional and local level. The method used is thoroughly qualitative text analysis. At regional and local level, a comparative case study concentrates in two organizations involved in the implementation work. The empirical material used consists of documents related to Plan D, and partly the result of interviews with officials who work practically with communication. The study shows that the focus of communications work is not on citizen participation in decision-making, much of the work is all about information and that it is characterized with a classic view of communication. Given that it is considered that the studied implementation of Plan D is not about a European civil dialogue where participation in the decision making is a central part.

Bakgrund: Sverige fick 2003 en övergripande folkhälsopolicy som innebar att skapa samhälleliga förutsättningar för en god hälsa i hela befolkningen, samt elva målområden. Jämtland har utformat en folkhälsopolicy som syftar till en gemensam syn på hälsa och insatsområden för folkhälsoarbetet. Syfte: Denna studie syftade till att beskriva hur implementeringen av den nya policyn har upplevts i kommuner och landsting i Jämtlands län, samt hur folkhälsoarbetet påverkats av policyn. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med frågeformulär med öppna frågor som datainsamlingsmetod. Urvalet bestod av en politiker och en tjänsteman från samtliga kommuner i länet, samt landstinget. Dataanalysen skedde med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultat: En styrka med policyn var att den är övergripande och inte detaljstyrd. En svaghet var att den tillhörande handlingsplanen upplevdes som oklar och lätt styrande. Kommunerna hade kommit olika långt gällande handlingsplanen. Implementeringen upplevdes olika, men i det stora hela halvfärdig. Policyn har påverkat folkhälsoarbetet genom att vara ett stort stöd. Slutsats: Policyn och handlingsplanen utövades i olika utsträckning och på olika sätt i verksamheterna. Policyn har bidragit till att vara ett stöd för verksamheterna, samt att samverkan och olika nätverk uppstått i länet. Policyn uppskattades för dess bredhet. Behov av fortsatt arbete med implementeringen av policyn i länet fanns.

Commercial off-the-shelf enterprise resource planning systems have been adopted by large companies to support their inter- and intra-business processes. Midsize market firms are now investing in ERP systems too. However, research has indicated that about three quarters of attempted ERP projects turned out to be unsuccessful. A common problem encountered in adopting ERP software has been the issue of misfit. This study focuses on assessing the usability of the ERP misfit analysis methodology, from Wu, et al. (2007), to investigate the ERP misfits. We also develop a decision support system to help identify the misfits. It integrates the methodology into the process to facilitate misfit identification. The results indicate that with this approach, organizations can more easily and systematically determine where the misfits are and the degree of misfits, thereby reducing the risk in implementing ERP. These results provide greater insight for understanding the misfits between the firm requirements and the functions provided by the ERP. They also help to evaluate the efforts needed for ERP customization and business process reengineering for each misfit and thereby help to support decision making in customization or BPR.