Dans les usines automobiles d’Aulnay-sous-Bois (Seine-Saint-Denis) et de Poissy (Yvelines), les ouvriers immigrés mènent au printemps 1982 des grèves à la suite desquelles ils se syndiquent massivement à la CGT et à la CFDT. Dans les mois qui suivent, ces usines connaissent une conflictualité sociale aux motifs variés qui se clôt en 1984 suite à l’échec des grèves contre des licenciements collectifs. Ce cycle de conflits sociaux constitue un point de départ pour étudier les mutations alors en cours concernant la place des travailleurs immigrés dans les usines. Face aux évolutions de l'appareil productif et de l'organisation du travail, les travailleurs immigrés sont confrontés à de nouvelles orientations industrielles et politiques qui interrogent le sens de leur présence en France. Leur intégration dans les organisations du mouvement ouvrier français leur permet de contester les positions dominées dans lesquelles ils avaient été jusque-là cantonnés, mais la diminution massive d’emplois et les perspectives de disparition de l’emploi non-qualifié rendent incertain leur avenir dans le monde du travail. Les perspectives de formation professionnelle ou de retour dans les pays d'origine mettent alors en lumière les choix offerts par les entreprises et par l’État français. / In spring 1982, , immigrant workers led strikes in Aulnay-sous-Bois (Seine-Saint-Denis) and Poissy (Yvelines) car plants and joined the trade unions CGT and CFDT in massive numbers. In the following months, social conflicts were intense and varied in these plants but ended in 1984 after the strikes against collective redundancies failed. This cycle of social conflicts provides a suitable starting point for studying the ongoing changes relating to the immigrant workers' situation in the plants at the time. The immigrant workers faced the updating of production facilities and work organization and had to cope with new industrial choices and policies which questions the legitimacy of their being in France. Their integration in the French workers' movement enabled them to contest the subordinate positions in which they had been kept until then. However, the massive reduction in jobs and the prospect of the unskilled jobs' demise cast doubt on their future in the industrial world . Professional training and plans on returning to the country of origin highlight the options provided by the companies and the French State.

The implementation of integration policy has in recent times been a major problem for the municipal administrations in Swedish municipalities. The concept of integration is considered to be very diffuse, difficult to apply and implement the following decisions. To understand the concept of integration is the first step, followed by understanding its complexity in an organization. In this study, I focus on studying the implementation of integration policies for integration work with Kalmar Municipality as a case study. I am using Lundquist's implementation theory about understanding, able and willing. The survey consists primarily of interviews but also a certain document to get a perspective on how integration policy has gone into integration work with the hypothesis that it is the understanding that weaknesses of the officials in the implementation of integration policies. The final result was that the discretion and resources inadequacies of officials in the implementation of integration policies.

In 2003, the Organization for Economy Co-operation and Development (OECD) reported in its survey that Knowledge Management (KM) was one of the internal management priorities in the central government organizations in each country. It revealed that KM had been emphasized in OECD member countries. KM practices have been improved deeper and wider on application in private sector than those in government organizations. Even though, implementing KM practices has already been a global trend in this changeable century of 21. KM is a better resolution to promote administration efficiency and problem solving by accumulating material of knowledge and networking specialist. For this reason, government has been actively inducing KM practices and expecting efficiency leaders abounding with knowledge. Comptroller administrations are responsible for the budget, accounting and statistics in the government. Under the limitation of resources, how the comptroller administrations do the delivering for creating the best efficiency, service quality and performance is a grim challenge at this present. This research was done by interviewing and following questionnaire survey, based on the pattern compiled by literature reviewing, to the accountants and statisticians of Taipei and Kaohsiung government for examining the status of the KM practices in these comptroller agency. After sampling the accountants and statisticians of the two governments, this study presented a detailed analysis of its 372 valid questionnaires, which were processed by SPSS10.0 software, and obtain the findings as follow: 1.The average in all aspect is above 3 except the sharing of comptroller knowledge due to its tacit. It manifests that all accountants and statisticians have approved the KM promoting. 2.In knowledge selection aspect, man has shown more rates of utilization than woman, but woman has paid more attention to the mentoring, training, and coaching practices; staff mobility and improving the classification of information. The superior have more rates in utilizing knowledge creating than the non-superior and emphasize the relationship between organizational culture with opening, cooperation, trusting, sharing and learning. 3.In KM process aspect, budgeting comptrollers, accountants and the senior in qualification and record of service are less rates than statisticians and the junior. In aspect of KM enablers, the budgeting comptrollers place more value on strategy and leadership planning, the ones who take more time on using computer in work pay more attention to information technology and the junior focus on performance measurement. 4.The one who takes KM enablers seriously will use the KM process more frequently. It has proved the theory of KM model of AABC. 5.There are divergences in consciousness in most of aspects between Taipei and Kaohsiung comptrollers except in knowledge accumulating, accessible function of Internet site and difficulties in implementing KM practices. According to the statistics, the average of Kaohsiung is higher than Taipei in every aspect. It shows that accountants and statisticians in Kaohsiung are more perception than those in Taipei. As a result of this research, the researcher has given seven suggestions to the comptroller agency for inducing KM practices as follows: (1) Build up the consciousness of the middle- aged, higher educated and less experiences accountants & statisticians in KM concept. (2) Promoting the level of hardware and software in KM. (3) Strengthen leadership of the superior. (4) Enhancing ability of the non-superior in researching, developing and creating. (5) Establish a society on practical knowledge and a channel for sharing and communication. (6) Integrating laws and regulations, set up a database of KM in legislation. (7) Making an inquiring system of government accounting information for public.

Traditionally, tax administrations have used taxpayer audit program resources principally to deter deliberate noncompliance, 'encourage' due care in the exercise of tax obligations, and recoup otherwise forgone Revenue. Usually, a corresponding perspective has been adopted by those policy analysts concerned with identifying and modelling the 'optimal' design characteristics of taxpayer audit programs. But, in the process, they have presumed that tax administrations make no efforts to learn from the results of taxpayer audits. Equally, most policy analysts have presumed that taxpayer audit programs can play no part in tax administrations' efforts to improve the underlying willingness and ability of taxpayers to comply with their tax obligations. One important adverse consequence of these presumptions has been that the taxpayer compliance behavior literature has paid very little attention to the major policy issue of how tax administrations should go about allocating their taxpayer audit program resources so as to best manage what the candidate has termed the risks to the Revenue. These risks are defined to be those which stem from the lack of information available to tax administrations about both deliberate and inadvertent noncompliance by taxpayers. In the empirical part of the taxpayer compliance behavior literature it is now well-appreciated that both the nature and the degree of taxpayer noncompliance can vary considerably across different categories (populations) of taxpayers. Thus the 'risks to the Revenue' can likewise vary considerably across taxpayer populations. In turn, different taxpayer populations may well require different program 'treatments'. Accordingly, it is now being recognised in the empirical literature that much more attention needs to be paid to the types of information tax administrations require about taxpayer noncompliance so as to better perform their central role. It is already widely agreed by policy analysts that a tax administration's central role is a broad one, and that it entails ensuring, as far as is practicable and socially desirable, all taxpayers pay the correct amounts of tax - preferably voluntarily. However, a tax administration's performance in this regard has to be assessed largely on the results obtained from taxpayer audit programs. There is therefore a need for a new conceptualisation (model) of what might constitute an 'optimal' taxpayer audit program, and which better captures both the various aspects of taxpayer noncompliance and the information requirements of tax administrations. The need for such a model has now become an urgent one. This is especially because a number of tax administrations, including the Australian Taxation Office, are no longer seeking to use taxpayer audit program resources principally in the traditional deterrence, 'encouragement' and Revenue-recovery mode. Instead, these resources are increasingly being used to help identify those taxpayer populations, as distinct from individual noncompliant taxpayers, which represent the greatest 'risks to the Revenue'. In turn, the results from taxpayer audits conducted in the 'high risk' populations are being used to help the tax administration determine the most appropriate strategies for improving future compliance in these populations. It will be argued in this thesis that the capture of these important strategic characteristics of modern taxpayer audit programs cannot be achieved by augmenting the existing deterrence-based models. A complementary model, more suitable for wider policy analysis, is therefore developed which can readily encompass these characteristics. This model is based on the construct of a budget-constrained tax administration seeking to manage the risks to the Revenue in (what is described in the organizational literature as) a Learning Organization environment, and where market segmentation techniques are drawn on when making inter-population resource allocation decisions. The policy value of this model is then demonstrated by applying it to both quantitative and qualitative data compiled by the candidate for the Business Audit Program of the Australian Taxation Office. In the process, a number of separate, substantive contributions are made to the program monitoring, program evaluation and taxpayer compliance behavior literatures. Collectively, these contributions provide support for the central argument of this thesis that both taxpayer compliance behavior researchers and policy analysts now need to pay much more attention to the information-gathering and strategic resource allocation challenges confronting tax administrations. The policy issues arising here, it will be argued, go to the heart of what constitutes successful and accountable tax administration, and (in turn) a 'high integrity' tax regime which is both efficient and equitable.

No description available.

Main aim of my thesis is to make analysis of eGovernment in the Czech Republic. Analysis is divided into two parts -- theoretical part contains legislation in eGovernment and possibilities which can eGovernment offer to inhabitants. Second part is focused on research of electronic services which are located on the web sites of public services. The main gain of this work is assembly of the most important services in eGovernment.

Regional administration in Bohemia originated already in the Middle Ages and has survived till these days as an basic constituent of the state administration. Cartographical material, especially maps of provinces, which has been so far rather neglected, is very interesting and important source for the cognition of the development of Czech provinces. These maps have been issued since the 18th century and especially in the earlier period had been widely used by general public. The only list of these documents "Soupis map českých zemí" compiled by František Roubík provides outdated and inconsistent informations. The primary aim of this work is to provide a more detailed list of these maps in the form of a catalog and bring more informations on the various creators and publishers of the maps.

The main aim of this dissertation is to analyze the idea and practice of handing over the administration of a territory to the United Nations on a temporary basis in response to manage and settle the consequences of a dispute concerning the future status of that territory. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) are novel examples in this respect since they present both the opportunities offered and the challenges experienced by the international administrations and give clear guidelines for the future state-building engagements. Since the end of the Cold War, there emerged a definitive trend toward accepting a more interventionary role for the UN. Taking the changing nature of interventionism into account, within the scope of this dissertation, the foremost focus will be on the post-intervention period where peacebuilding and state-building processes take place in war-torn societies. Thereby, international transitional administrations which represent the most complex and comprehensive peace operations attempted by the United Nations will be the focal point of the study. Since such administrations assume some or all of the sovereign powers of an independent state, in a period when neo-interventionism and suspended or conditional sovereignty are debated, the degree of executive, legislative and judicial authority assumed by transitional administrations is worth to consider.

The world has witnessed a transformation process associated with the drastic changes in social, political and economic spheres under the constraints of neo-liberalism with opening up new challenges for humanity. At that context, as a global problem, poverty has been aggravating at the world-wide and now urban areas are more exposed to risks of poverty. In this regard, reforms of that restructuring process have centered on the requirement of local administrations at poverty struggle. The purpose of this study is to explore local policy initiatives of local administrations at combating urban poverty with also taking into consideration the central government practices. By the help of the GEKA provinces of Denizli, Aydin, and Mugla cases, urban poverty struggle has been examined in detail by a method covering survey application to the impoverished and the in-depth interview method with local and central government officials. At the study, it is seen that in each case study, local administrations have different institutional, political and social service based contingency variables. Local authorities of case provinces cannot produce systematic, standardized, equal and general poverty alleviation policies and services because of the inherent nature of local government tied to uneven development and contingent local variation. Thus, within the limitation of the study, urban poverty struggle have been searched in specific cases, but it is not possible to determine the results of the research to other cases in Turkey. Even though the research covers up few cases at the urban level, the results will be worthwhile and shed light on other future studies.

The thesis aims to chart the relations of the EU and NATO through the case of Afghanistan. It examines the role of ISAF in conjunction with PRTs and EUPOL to evaluate the relations between the EU and NATO. The involvement of the ISAF and EUPOL missions from their establishment to evolution and the limitations of both missions in accordance with the management of the US in the &ldquo / War on Terror&rdquo / are examined. The implications of American policies on the missions of both parties are explored, from the first term of Bush to the Obama administration. The thesis argues that while there has been cooperation between the EU and NATO without structural cooperation, thus being ad hoc cooperation, the US has been benefiting from this cooperation from the second term of the Bush administration to the Obama administration, thereby rehabilitating the tense relations between the EU and the US. In the final analysis, it may be said that this cooperation did not result in a success story in the case of Afghanistan.