Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2006. / Bibliogr.: f. 119-137. Webographie: f. 138-139. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Main aim of my thesis is to make analysis of eGovernment in the Czech Republic. Analysis is divided into two parts – theoretical part contains legislation in eGovernment and possibilities which can eGovernment offer to inhabitants. Second part is focused on research of electronic services which are located on the web sites of public services. The main gain of this work is assembly of the most important services in eGovernment.

På Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset har det återkommande rapporterats om flödesavvikelser hos infusionspumpar. En hypotes är att pumpanvändare drar i infusionsaggregates silikondel när en infusion förbereds och att detta ger upphov till flödesavvikelser. Detta projekt fokuserar på att utreda om töjning av slangsetets silikondel kan orsaka flödesavvikelser. Projektet utvärderade tre grupper av slangset där två av grupperna bestod av infusionsaggregat vars silikondel töjdes till olika längder och en grupp fungerade som referensgrupp. Resultatet visar att silikondelen förlängs vid töjning samt att flödesavvikelser uppstår om töjningen är tillräckligt stor. Trots att flödesavvikelserna påvisats så bedöms töjningen som utförts vara mycket större än den töjning som utförts av vårdpersonalen. Därför bedömmer vi att flödesavvikelserna som rapporterats på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset inte beror på denna typ av felhantering av slangset. / At Karolinska University Hospital, recurrent reports of flow deviations in infusion pumps have been observed. One hypothesis is that pump users pull the silicone component of the administration set when preparing an infusion, leading to flow deviations. This project focuses on investigating whether elongation of the silicone component of the administration set can cause flow deviations. The project evaluated three groups of administration sets, where two groups consisted of administration sets which were elongated to different lenghts, while one group served as reference group. Results show that elongation of the silicone component occurs and that flow deviations occur if the elongation is large enough. However, despite the observed flow deviations, the elongation performed in the study is considered much larger than what healthcare personnel typically apply. Therefore, we find it unlikely that the reported flow deviations at Karolinska University Hospital are due to mishandling of the administration set.

The thesis explores the extent to which the UN post-conflict administrations are accountable towards the populations of the territories they administer. The post-conflict administrations temporarily assume legislative and administrative powers to support the peace processes, to help to resolve the sovereignty issues or to establish administrative structures that might be non-existent in these territories. The thesis argues that, while the exercise of these extensive powers entails the accountability of the UN, in practice this accountability is not effectively engaged. As opposed to other forms of accountability, the focus is on the international legal responsibility of the UN as the prominent and most meaningful form of accountability, in the accountability relationship between the administrator and the administered, which gives the populations of the administered territories the opportunity to challenge the acts of international administrations and seek redress. In exploring the legal responsibility of the UN and in line with Article 4 of the ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, which states only an act of an international organization that constitutes a breach of an international obligation entails its responsibility, this thesis initially explores the extent of international obligations arising from, and the extent of applicability of, three bodies of law. First, the thesis discusses the applicability of international humanitarian law, the fundamental principles of which have traditionally been part of UN peace operations practice. Next, it considers the applicability of the law of occupation, which shares stark factual similarities with the UN post-conflict administrations. Finally, the applicability of international human rights law, which is consistently part of the applicable law in post-conflict territories, and the protection and promotion of which is consistently included in the mandates of post-conflict administrations is examined. The thesis argues that the simultaneous application these bodies of law would help to create a legal framework to engage the accountability of UN post-conflict administrations and this legal framework should be complemented by effective accountability mechanisms.

Moment 22 är skriven av Lilian Gillegård och Alexandra Adler. Uppsatsens syfte är att utveckla och fördjupa förståelsen för hur samverkan mellan ideella organisationer och offentlig verksamhet kan se ut kring hemlöshet. Vidare består syftet av att undersöka dessa verksamheters olika metoder och arbetssätt i deras arbete med hemlöshet. Utifrån ett governance-perspektiv och en organisationsteori formades ett antal analytiska frågor för att undersöka detta. Studien bygger på tio intervjutillfällen med individer som arbetar inom frivilliga organisationer i Stockholm och stadsdelsförvaltningar inom Stockholms stad. Resultatet visar att stadsdelsförvaltningar och frivilliga organisationer har fokus på förebyggande arbete och konsekvenser av hemlöshet. Vidare visar resultatet att samarbeten mellan dessa kan se olika ut och det råder även vissa brister. När det gäller nära samarbeten mellan stadsdelsförvaltningarna och frivilliga organisationer är det ibland svårt att urskilja vem som faktiskt är ansvarig och vem som styr verksamheten. När det handlar om samarbete  med övriga myndigheter som exempelvis vårdenheter kan det förekomma oenighet om vem som har ansvaret för klienten i fråga. Våra respondenter påstår att det uppstår ett så kallat ”moment 22” läge och klienten kan då inte få den rätta hjälpen. / The aim of this essay is to develop and deepen the understanding on how voluntary organizations and public sector cooperate when working with homelessness. Furthermore, to investigate these organizations different methods and approaches used in their work with homelessness. A number of analytical questions were formed based on a governance perspective and an organizational theory. The study is based on ten interviews carried out on individuals that work in voluntary organizations in Stockholm and district administrations in Stockholms stad.  The results show that the district administrations and voluntary organizations focus on the preventions and the consequences of homelessness. Furthermore, the result shows that the cooperation has several appearances which have some flaws. As for the close co-operation between the district administrations and the voluntary organizations, it is sometime difficult to ascertain who is responsible and who controls the organization. When it comes to collaboration with other agencies such as health care units, there may be disagreements regarding who takes the responsibility of the client. Our respondents describe this act as a ”catch 22” situation where the client does not get the right help.

Global policies in disaster management have radically changed since 1990s, shifting the previously entrenched emphasis on emergency management, towards new applications of risk management. A series of international declarations expressed the determination and principles to reduce risks at every level, which were followed by many national governments. The disaster management system in Turkey seems to tend towards this approach, not necessarily based on an awareness of the global trends, but due to the severe impacts of the 1999 events. Since no understanding and political commitment for disaster mitigation prevails in Turkey, risk mitigation planning at every level is yet far from being effective. This claim constitutes the basic working hypothesis of the study. Verification of the hypothesis is based on a comparative analysis of the organizational structures of the selected countries, and a survey of recent local performance. The framework developed by the Kobe Conference is employed in both analyses. The former analysis indicated that despite the new institutional developments like &lsquo / construction supervision&rsquo / and &lsquo / obligatory insurance&rsquo / , Turkey in its disaster policy is still far from a comprehensive mitigation approach in terms of the Kobe criteria. Although the laws of local administrations now contain new tasks of city-level disaster management, not only confusions between pre-disaster and post-disaster responsibilities prevail, but no operational guidance is given for the fulfillment these responsibilities. A whole range of activities are therefore in need of being streamlined into the tasks of urban planning in the reduction of disaster risks. With the amendment of laws, modification of the professional practice and the training of planners are expected.

The improvement of human resources management is of crucial importance in assuring successful implementation of public sector reforms. Different aspects and factors of strategic human resource management (hereinafter – SHRM) are analyzed in foreign scientific literature. However personnel specialists receive poor attention in this context. Therefore the scientific problem analyzed in this thesis is composed of two main questions: what functions form the system of SHRM in public organization, and is the implementation of the system of SHRM functions related to practice characteristics of personnel specialists? While analyzing scientific literature, the main attitudes of SHRM concept were formulated, systems of functions relevant to SHRM was composed. Also there were distinguished practice characteristics of personnel specialists, which might be related to implementation of system of SHRM functions. The peculiarities of implementation of SHRM functions and significant practice characteristic of personnel specialists were revealed while analyzing the finding of empirical research accomplished in municipalities’ administrations. In order to implement the system of SHRM functions in Lithuanian municipal administrations, recommendations for improvement of functions implemented by personnel specialists and formation of their practice characteristic are given in the end of dissertation. / Užtikrinant sėkmingą viešojo sektoriaus reformų įgyvendinimą, ypatingai svarbus yra žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo tobulinimas. Užsienio literatūroje nagrinėjami strateginio žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo (toliau – SŽIV) veiksniai ir aspektai, tačiau personalo specialistams šiame kontekste dėmesys neskiriamas. Todėl darbe nagrinėjamą mokslinę problemą sudaro du pagrindiniai klausimai: kokios funkcijos turi sudaryti SŽIV sistemą viešojoje organizacijoje; kaip SŽIV funkcijų sistemos įgyvendinimas yra susijęs su personalo specialistų veiklos charakteristikomis. Analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą suformuluotos pagrindinės SŽIV nuostatos, sudaryta šią koncepciją atitinkančių funkcijų sistema bei išskirtos personalo specialistų veiklos charakteristikos, galinčios turėti sąsajų su SŽIV funkcijų sistemos įgyvendinimu. Savivaldybių administracijose įvykdyto empirinio tyrimo duomenys atskleidė SŽIV funkcijų sistemos įgyvendinimo šiose institucijose ypatumus bei reikšmingas personalo specialistų veiklos charakteristikas. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos personalo specialistų įgyvendinamų funkcijų tobulinimo bei veiklos charakteristikų formavimo rekomendacijos, siekiant savivaldybių administracijose įgyvendinti strateginį žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymą.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka eventuella svårigheter chefer kan uppleva i det förebyggande arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier och vid hanteringen av sådana händelser på arbetsplatsen. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med chefer inom kommunal förvaltning på olika kommuner i Sverige. Materialet analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys. De huvudteman som framkom var; Organisationskultur, Känsligt ämne, Subjektiva tolkningar och attityder och Bristande intresse. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde svårigheter vid både hanteringen och i det förebyggande arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier, där flest svårigheter upplevdes vid hanteringen av sexuella trakasserier. Svårigheterna som var mest framträdande vid hanteringen var ämnets känsliga karaktär, att problemet är dolt och att vissa incidenter inte kommer till chefens kännedom. Vid det förebyggande arbetet var den största svårigheten enligt respondenterna att få alla anställda engagerade i ämnet. / The aim of the study was to examine any potential difficulties managers might experience in the preventative work against sexual harassment and when managing such issues in the workplace. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers within municipal administrations at municipalities across Sweden. The material was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Four main themes were found; Organizational culture, Sensitive subject, Subjective interpretations and attitudes and Lack of interest. The results showed that the respondents experienced difficulties in both managing and preventing sexual harassment, difficulties were experienced mostly within managing reports of sexual harassment. The difficulties that were most profound in managing sexual harassment was the sensitivity of the subject, that the problem is hidden, and that some incidents does not come to the managers’ attention. The most profound difficulty while preventing sexual harassment was to engage the employees and involve them in discussions around sexual harassment.

En analysant le droit des contrats des administrations françaises, allemandes et européennes ainsi que les évolutions engendrées dans les droits français et allemand par le droit de l’UE, la présente étude met à jour une circulation de modèles entre le droit européen et les droits nationaux. Ces interactions permettent d’étudier comment les paramètres de départ des droits nationaux influencent leur manière d’intégrer les exigences européennes, ce qui permet en retour de tirer des conclusions quant au droit de l’Union lui-même. Dans ce contexte, l’étude des droits français et allemand, antagonistes en matière de contrats de l’administration, leur mise en perspective avec le contrat en droit interne de l’Union et l’analyse des évolutions engendrées par le droit européen, met en lumière que la question de l’articulation entre exorbitance et droit commun est au centre des rapports entre le droit européen et le contrat en tant que moyen d’action des administrations nationales et européennes. / The present study analyzes the law applicable to contracts of French, German and European administrations, as well as evolutions triggered in French and German law by EU law, and brings into focus a circulation of models between EU and national law. These interactions show how the original parameters of national legal orders influence the latters’ way of integrating European requirements, which in return allows drawing conclusions concerning European law itself. In this context, studying French and German law (antagonist models concerning contracts of public administrations), putting them in perspective with contracts in internal EU law and analyzing the evolutions triggered by the impact of EU law, highlights that the issue of the articulation of specific powers and duties of the contracting administration with the contractual obligations of the parties is central in the relationship between European law and contracts as a tool for the action of national and European administrations.

This study sets out to examine whether the "new'' provincial governments in South Africa are in practice functioning as "quasi-federal" power bases. The study starts with an appraisal of the core constitutional concepts critical to provincial government as a prelude to the enquiry into the practical status of the provincial governments. An enquiry is made into the application of certain provisions of the interim Constitution pertaining to provincial government. Thereafter certain provisions of the final Constitution pertaining to provincial government are compared with the corresponding provisions of the interim Constitution. The issue of provincial powers in practice and the problems experienced by provincial governments are also dealt with. The study concludes that provincial governments are currently not functioning as "quasi-federal" power bases and that it is even doubtful whether that situation will present itself in the foreseeable future. / Law / LL. M.