Master's Thesis Current trade policy directions of Colombia is engaged in development of integration policies and its impact on the national economy and foreign trade. Emphasis is put on Free Trade Agreement Colombia -- USA, mutual trade and its evolution. United States is Colombia's most important trading partner, but their role is declining. First chapter summarizes the economic development and competitive advantages in key sectors of the economy. The largest part of the chapter is devoted to the mining industry as it forms the most substantial item of Colombian exports. The method of second chapter is analysis and comparison of integration activities undertaken by Colombia to the U.S. and other world regions (EU and Latin America). Practical part detects opinion of the Colombian business community on the Free Trade Agreement with the USA and possible deeper integration.

Latin America is in the last years a region who is receiving more and more global attention both on the economic and political side. During the last 30 years the region has gone through several changes allowing the Latin American countries to maintain a fast and stable economic and democratic growth which has attracted the interest of the two main economic powers, the United States and the People's Republic of China. Since the Monroe Doctrine, the United States has significantly contributed to shaping policy in Latin America. However, given the recent changes in the international system since the end of the Cold War, the U.S. influence has decreased probably as never before. This has allowed other international powers, precisely China, to enter the region and gain important economic and political partners. Given China's need for commodities, energy and the need for new markets for their high amounts of manufactures, Latin America has gone off very well in increasing its economical ties with China. However, it must not be forgotten that the United States still plays an important role in the region. The aim of this thesis is to compare the current foreign policies of the United States and the China towards Latin America, of where is the arm of the United States important, and where the Chinese one is.

No other region in the world has been more intervened by the United States than Latin America. An increasing interdependence between both in terms of trade, security and energy has grown along with a new reality. New political currents in Latin America have favored to recover the sovereignty and self-determination of their countries, while gaining independence from the United States preferences and mandates. The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical approach of the U.S. foreign policy to Latin America since 1945 as well as the implementation of them, with the purpose of evaluate the current scenario. A rhetoric vs reality approach is conducted showing the need for a more coherent U.S. foreign policy both in the economic and the security agenda.

This diploma thesis provides a complex analysis of illicit drug trade in Latin America and Colombia and it describes its causes and trends. It also focuses on evaluation of anti narcotics strategies applied in Colombia. The first part of the thesis describes the illicit drug market and its global character and it concentrates on cocaine market in Latin America. The second part is devoted to Colombia and the historical development of illicit drug trade in said country. It contains analysis of several actors dominating the illicit drug market and of their roles and positions. It also describes anti narcotics policies in Colombia. The last section is an analysis of results and impacts of the policies applied in Colombia. It provides an overview of the current situation in Colombia and possible scenarios of future development of illicit drug trade.

This diploma thesis aims to analyse the current state of the Chilean business environment and highlight the benefits, opportunities as well as possible threats of the Chilean market for Czech exporters. The work is divided into four chapters. The initial definition of the business environment and the determination of used methods is followed by the actual analysis of the business environment. PESTLE analysis is used to explore the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal environment of the country. The outputs are processed using SWOT analysis. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the Czech Republic and Chile, and the fourth part contains three case studies designed to identify specific sectors that are promising for Czech exporters.

This thesis deals with a specific company AUSTROMAR obchodní a dopravní spol. s.r.o. operating in the maritime transport market in the Czech Republic, Austria, the Slovak Republic and Hungary. The first half of the theoretical part is devoted to maritime transport in general, its development in recent years and the importance for Europe and the world. The second half explains the main terms used in maritime transport relevant to the thesis and describes the roles of the various entities operating in this market. The practical part determines whether it is rentable if the company expands its portfolio of offered services by opening a direct regular service of consolidated cargo to Mexico. At the bottom of the text the further opportunities and threats for Austromar are evaluated.

Main objective of the thesis is to evaluate trade and political relations between the Czech Republic and selected countries in Latin America (selected countries will be those with strongest ties to the Czech Republic). Hypothesis: Trade and political relations between Czech Republic and Latin American Countries are well developing in the course of the time. Latin-American region provides a great potential for future cooperation. Emphasis will be targeted on the assessment of business conditions (including bilateral agreements on mutual trade), further on the most important export commodities and investment opportunities. At the same time, the work will attempt to estimate the level of potential of Latin American territory and further direction of mutual relationships. The research will contain a questionnaire for Czech entrepreneurs operating in Latin America and a thorough analysis of mutual trade will be given. Unfortunately, this subject is not documented with a large number of printed books, therefore, the key source of information will be databases and statistical information published by state institutions (Chamber of Deputies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Industry and Trade, etc.). Bibliography: [1] AGUIAR DE MEDEIROS, C. (2011): The Political Economy of Institutional Change and Economic Development in Latin American Economies. Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XLV, No. 2 (June 2011), DOI: 10.2753/JEI0021-3624450205, pg. 289 - 299 [2] Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic: Report on Relationships between the Czech Republic and Latin American Countries and the Role of the Chamber of Deputies in this Process (2010). [3] CHRISTIAN, S. (1997): Latin American Trade Relations. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 39, No. 1, Special Issue: US-Latin American Relations (Spring, 1997), pp. 71 - 83 [4] GÓMEZ-MERA, L. -- BARRETT, B. (2012): The Political Economic of Preferential Trade Agreements: Latin America and Beyond. DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00147.x. Available at: http://miami.academia.edu/LauraGomezmera/Papers/35945 /The_Political_Economy_of_Preferential_Trade_Agreements_Latin_America_and_Beyond [5] GRINBERG, N. (2010): Where Is Latin American Going? FTAA or "Twenty-first-Century Socialism"?. Latin American Perspective 2010. DOI: 10.1177/0094582X09351713, pg. 185 - 202 [6] SHADLEN, K.C. (2006): Latin American Trade and Development in the New International Economy. Latin American Research Review, Vol. 41, No.3 (2006), pg. 210 - 267

The aim of this thesis is to answer the question of whether the bank nexus is one of the transmission channel of the latest financial crisis to developing countries. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 affected the whole world, but they are countries that have been less affected than others, or vice versa they were able to respond to the crisis with better instruments of monetary and fiscal policy, such as the countries of Latin America, which had during the last crisis greater credibility than it was usual in other financial shocks before. First, the thesis illustrates the financial crisis, then the possible transmission channels. In the analytical part I will focus my attention primarily on the canal of bank bonds, which I'll explore using regression analysis to confirm or refuse whether these bank nexus influence strongly on the spread of the financial crisis in Latin America. Last but not least, I will summarize evidence of analysis and also government policy in these countries, which caused rapid economic recovery after the crisis.

Literature emerging from borderland, transnational or diaspora contexts doesn’t always fit the mould of the dominant national culture where the author resides. Usually this literature is published in the language of the larger society, but sometimes authors prefer to use the language variety in which they write as one of many tools to resist assimilation and highlight their independent or hybrid identity; such is the case with Matilda Koén-Sarano's Judeo-Spanish folktales and Susana Chávez-Silverman’s Spanglish crónicas. When this is the case, translation from these varieties must be done in a way that preserves the resistance to assimilation in a different linguistic context. In this thesis I begin by defining Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish as language varieties, consider who uses them, who writes in them, and the political or personal motivations of the authors. I then problematize the broad issue of translating texts written in nonstandard language varieties. I consider power in translation generally and into English more specifically. I nuance the binary between rejecting translation completely, and embracing it wholeheartedly as essential. In the final two chapters I turn my attention to specific challenges that presented themselves in translations from Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish and explain how these challenges informed my approaches and strategies. No single translation approach or strategy emerges as a monolithic solution to all problems. Nevertheless, my original contribution to knowledge lies in the nuanced discussion and creative application of varying degrees of ethnolects (or literary dialects), writing based in phonetics, and intralinguistic translation that are explained and that are evidenced in the original translations found in the appendices.

Este artículo estudia el efecto del envejecimiento de los vecinos sobre las organizaciones locales en San Felipe, un barrio de clase media en Lima, Perú. Ilustro el efecto de este fenómeno usando el caso del control del espacio público en el barrio. Para esta investigación realicé observación participante durante un año. Durante ese año observé la dinámica de las asambleas locales, entrevisté a 46 vecinos de distintas características y observé una gran cantidad de situaciones y controversias entre vecinos en los espacios públicos de San Felipe. Encuentro que los adultos-mayores son los que imponen su punto de vista respecto al destino del barrio. Dicho resultado es sorprendente pues los adultos-mayores no son ni el grupo demográficamente más importante, ni el de mayores recursos. Sostengo que ello ocurre porque los adultos-mayores transforman el tiempo (un recurso escaso para los adultos-jóvenes, pero ampliamente disponible para los adultos-mayores) en poder organizacional. Con dicho poder organizacional, los adultos-mayores logran influir en los funcionarios municipales quienes no sólo defienden el punto de vista de los adultos-mayores respecto al espacio público, sino que además lo transforman de acuerdo al mismo. / In this article, I study the effect of aging of neighbors on local organizations in San Felipe, a middle-class neighborhood in Lima, Peru. I elaborate on this effect by using the case of the control of public space in the neighborhood. I conducted participant observation during a year. During that year, I observed the dynamics of local organizations’ meetings; I interviewed 46 residents of different characteristics; and I observed a large amount of situations andcontroversies among actors in San Felipe’s public space. I find that senior residents are the ones who impose their point of view about the neighborhood’s fortune. This result is surprising considering that senior residents are neither the most numerous group in the neighborhood, neither the one with higher resources. I claim that that happens because senior residents transform time (a scarce resource for young-adult neighbors, though abundant for the seniorneighbors) into organizational power. With that organizational power, senior residents are able to influence on the municipality’s functionaries who not only defend the discourse of senior residents regarding the use of public space, but also transform it according to this discourse.