Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Estudios Internacionales / El fenómeno globalizador, no sólo ha consolidado escenarios de comunicaciones de carácter universal, disipando de esta forma las tradicionales fronteras físicas en reemplazo de las virtuales, sino a su vez propiciando un sin fin de oportunidades de características transaccionales entre los distintos Estados de la comunidad internacional. La apertura comunicacional agudiza las brechas sociales de los actores internacionales, más aún en Estados poseedores de estructuras productivas primarias, principalmente, y en atención al objeto de estudio para este análisis, Sudamérica. Ésta además de poseer una estructura comercial enfocada en la producción de materias primas, sufre una fragilidad institucional extendida, lo que propicia un escenario de vulnerabilidad frente a la amenaza del crimen organizado, específicamente al narcotráfico. Los Estados de la región se consolidan en figuras institucionalmente débiles y/o con altos índices de corrupción, que promueven tácitamente, la explotación de espacios físicos y virtuales para la consolidación de focos ilícitos, tales como el narcotráfico. De esta forma logran proyectarse empleando las mismas herramientas que brinda la aludida condición globalizada. A partir de lo anteriormente expuesto, el presente estudio pretende determinar bajo qué mecanismos, en alusión al escenario antes mencionado, dos países otrora antagónicos como Perú y Colombia, logran proyectarse en la actualidad sobre una relación de profundas interacciones, mitigando la amenaza del conflicto convencional. Condición que se pretende analizar, con el propósito de extrapolar dichas herramientas, sobre la relación bilateral entre Chile y Perú. / The globalizing phenomenon has not only consolidated communication scenarios of a universal nature, dissipating the traditional physical boundaries in place of the virtual ones. At the same time propitiating endless opportunities of transactional characteristics among the different States of the international community. The openness of communication intensifies the social gaps of international actors, even more in states that possess primary productive structures, as it happens in response to the object of the present study with South America. The said region, in addition of having a primary commercial structure as mentioned, suffers an extended institutional fragility that causes a scenario of vulnerability facing the threat of organized crime, specifically drug trafficking. The States of the region tend to consolidate into fragile institutional organizations, with high levels of corruption, which tacitly promote the exploitation of physical and virtual spaces for the consolidation of illicit structures, such as drug trafficking. In the same way, they have manage to project these using the same tools provided by the aforementioned prevailing globalized condition. Based on the mentioned facts, the present study aims to determine under what mechanisms, in reference to the previously mentioned scenario, how two once antagonistic countries such as Peru and Colombia, manage nowadays to project themselves on a relation of deep interactions, mitigating the threat of conventional conflict. Condition that is intended to analyze, with the purpose of extrapolating these tools over the bilateral relationship between Chile and Peru.

Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos, artículos preprint y noticias científicas actualizado al 07 de Mayo de 2020.

Institutional regional integration has become the main focus of Brazil's foreign policy during the administration of the Workers' Party 2003-2016. Why has Brazil decided to involve itself so deeply into the process of Latin American integration? The main objective of this single case study is twofold. First, applying the theory of neoclassical realism, this thesis aims to discuss all the driving forces (variables) behind Brazil's decision to make regional integration its top foreign policy priority since 2003. Second, it attempts to clarify that the São Paulo Forum, a continental network of the leftist political parties, should also be included into the set of driving forces behind the foreign policy choices in Brazil from 2003 to 2016. The following research question is put forward: What role does the São Paulo Forum play in Brazil's intensified involvement into regional integration during the period of the Workers` Party in power? Assessed through the congruence procedure and process tracing technique, the influence of the Forum is placed under the intervening variables of the neoclassical realist theory. The results of the study demonstrate that since the Workers' Party coming to power, its leader, Lula da Silva has used the directives, elaborated at the São Paulo Forum, to restructure,...

Legalization of Abortion in Argentina: A Path-Dependency Reading of the Influence of the Catholic Church and the Contrast with the Uruguayan Experience Alexa Elleny Quiles Hernández Abstract Argentina's abortion laws only allow women to access a lawful procedure in cases of rape and health or life threat, and this has been driving women who do not wish to continue a pregnancy into criminal considerations and, in many cases, dangerous and unhygienic environments. The aim of this work is to delineate part of the historical path that has forged the strong relations between the Argentinean State and the Catholic Church since the colonial period and the influence this has had on restrictive abortion rights for women today despite the growing number of demands to legalize voluntary termination. To highlight this influence, this study contrasts the Argentinean experience with that of neighboring Uruguay, a country that successfully legalized abortion in 2012 and which drew an effective division between the Church and the State at an early stage, furnishing a more autonomous environment for the government to respond to citizens' needs. For this, this work takes on Paul Pierson's approach to increasing returns and path- dependency theory and researches and analyzes events, dynamics and factors that have paved...

This thesis concerns the role of constitutional courts in maintaining stability in the country. The thesis first of all introduces the connection between the concepts of stability, security and democracy. With the help of the general theory of disputes and conflicts formed by Shonholtz and the definition of the various roles that courts can play with respect to a political system, this thesis attempts to outline how courts can contribute to security and stability in the country or how they, on the contrary, can disrupt it. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the region of Latin America. Using the examples from selected countries (Bolivia, Venezuela and Argentina), this work tries to demonstrate the effect of decisions of constitutional courts on stability and security. Crucial in the assessment of their stabilization role is if the courts are able to evoke civic trust in a democratic system and if they have the ability to protect the system effectively. The role of courts in selected cases is assessed using the functional analysis.

The worsening humanitarian situation in Venezuela, rising migration flows and political crisis escalating in the beginning of 2019 was reflected in the increased attention to human rights issues in Venezuela. The aim of this thesis is to outline through discourse analysis the discourse of top UN officials on human rights situation in Venezuela. The introductory part of this thesis clarifies the theoretical and methodological background for the analysis and introduces the topic of human rights in the context of social constructivism and the UN human rights system. The second part of the thesis includes the discourse analysis, which focuses on the character of the discourse of top UN officials on the human rights situation in Venezuela and the development of this discourse between 2017 and 2019, as well as differences among the discourses of the UN Secretary General António Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet and her predecessor, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein. The discourse analysis is based on James Paul Gee's method, consisting of seven building tasks of language. These building tasks include significance, practices, identities, relationships, politics, connections and sign systems and knowledge. The primary materials for the analysis consist of three OHCHR reports from 2017-...

The topic of this diploma thesis is immigration from Venezuela, Brazil and Cuba to the Czech Republic from the year 1993 to the present. Political events in Venezula in recent years have increased migration to the neighboring states in region. Therefore, we could expect also increase in immigration from Venezuela to the Czech Republic. Even though the increase did really occur, the population of Venezuelans in the Czech Republic is not so large (mainly due to geographical distance and language barrier) in this diploma thesis will also appear immigration from Brazil and Cuba. Brazil was chosen mainly because the population of Brazilians living in the Czech Republic is the largest of all Latin American countries. Another difference between Venezuela and Brazil is the different mother tongue of immigrants. The last nationality represented are Cubans, whose immigration history to the Czech Republic or originally to the Czechoslovakia differs. During the socialist era, many Cubans lived here due to intergovernmental agreements of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Which cannot be said about Venezuelans and Brazilians at that time. According to statistics, even in the mid 1990's, only dozens of Venezuelans and Brazilians lived in the Czech Republic. While at this time lived hundreds of Cubans in the Czech...

The research puzzle of this thesis is the global impact of the pro-life discourse of the Catholic Church on the public space in Latin America, using Nicaragua as an illustrative case. The aim is to understand in a global political perspective the transnational impact of the pro-life discursive strategy of the Catholic Church on the public space in Latin America during the period 1995-2020, and how international pro-life organizations have operated tactically to reach their goals. The thesis mainly uses the theory of transnational advocacy networks by Keck and Sikkink (1999) to study the transnational political impact of the pro-life discourse. The research method is based on critical discourse analysis, which has been used to analyse different data sources from international pro-life organizations. The conclusion is that the international pro- life organizations, operating as transnational advocacy networks in Latin America, have developed different political tactics, having a large impact on the public space. The case of Nicaragua is a clear example of how international pro-life organizations, operating as transnational advocacy networks, in collaboration with domestic pro-life groups, managed to put abortion on the political agenda since the 1990s, leading to the prohibition of abortion by the Sandinista government in 2007.

Protests constitute one of the most important means for citizens to raise key issues on the social agenda and express marginalised voices, in which an important factor to spread their message is attracting mass media coverage. However, previous research has repeatedly found that the mass media delegitimizes protests and focus on the protest event itself rather than the issues behind it. Meanwhile, the role of alternative media on digital platforms is growing stronger. Given this background, this study sets out to answer how U.S. mainstream- and alternative media depicts three protests in Latin America in 2019 and how they potentially differ in their depiction of these protests. More specifically, the study aims to find if the media portrays protests in a negative manner, and if so, how it is done. These questions are analysed through postcolonialism and the protest paradigm theory, which suggests that the media delegitimize protests through certain ways of describing the protest events. Through a critical discourse analysis of 36 articles in total, this study finds that both the mainstream- and alternative media largely adheres to the protest paradigm. It is found that violent aspects of the protests are often in focus, as well as an absence of lifting the structural issues that the protesters want to lift. However, exceptions that deviate from the theory are found as well, indicating that the protest paradigm alone may not be sufficient to explain the complexities behind the media’s coverage of protest events.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Katedra divadelní vědy Obecná teorie a dějiny umění a kultury Divadelní věda Argentinské, brazilské a mexické diskurzy v současné latinskoamerické dramatice Argentinian, Brazilian and Mexican Discourses in Contemporary Latin American Drama Discursos argentinos, brasileños y mexicanos en la dramaturgía latinoamericana contemporánea Abstract of the doctoral thesis Mgr. Martina Černá vedoucí práce: Mgr. Petr Christov, PhD. 2011 2 Abstract The thesis Argentinian, Brazilian and Mexican Discourses in Contemporary Latin American Drama deals with the situation in contemporary Latin American theatre on the basis of theatre plays by three contemporary playwrights from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. This situation is considered not only from the point of view of text analysis, but mainly with respect to the discourses which the authors hold with their readers/spectators on local, national, continental and international levels. The introductory part of the work presents the subject of Latin American identity and describes the criteria how particular playwrights, texts as well as methods and tools for their analysis have been chosen. However, it is important to emphasize that their interpretation is made in the Czech context which is culturally, historically and socially...