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This thesis aims to analyze how low-income communities in Cali, Colombia, responded to the pressures and constraints of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020 and 2021. The emergency measures that the Colombian government implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus, such as lockdowns and quarantines, as well as the increase on violence from state actors and illegal armed organizations during the summer of 2021, put unprecedented pressures and constraints upon low-income communities in Cali. For this reason, this thesis investigates how civil society groups in low-income communities in the Highlands and in the Agua Blanca District in Cali organized and mobilized during the pandemic crisis to respond to these challenges. This thesis uses ethnographic methods to explore how low-income communities in Cali engaged in processes of social mobilization during the pandemic crisis, giving special attention to the neighbourhoods of Polvorines, Pampas del Mirador, Alto Jordan, and Potrero Grande. This thesis also investigates particular forms of social organization that low-income communities in Cali employed during the pandemic crisis, such as community kitchens.

Despite legal and technological advances, women still face barriers to abortion care in legally restricted or low-resource settings. The advent of medication abortion using misoprostol with or without mifepristone, has enabled women to self-manage their abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. Self-managed abortions are often assisted by telemedicine services, which provide women with evidence-based guidance on managing the abortion process on their own. This thesis explores two separate abortion telemedicine services operating in legally restricted and/or low resource settings – a global online telemedicine service and an abortion support hotline in Venezuela – and evaluates the outcomes associated with each. By interviewing counsellors at a Venezuelan abortion support hotline and the women who used the service, we gained a stronger understanding of the hotline’s successes, barriers, and areas for improvement. We conclude that abortion telemedicine services provide effective and acceptable care, in general, and we recommend greater access to misoprostol in Venezuela.

No description available.

While previous research has identified religion as an influence of fertility, how context changes the nature of that relationship remains little understood. Using census data from Brazil, Chile and Mexico, this study examines whether the high fertility pattern of one pronatalist, American-born religion (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) translates to the Latin American context. Results indicate that it does, but only inconsistently as the pronatalist pattern is masked by members' educational attainment and mixed religion marriages. When these attributes are accounted for LDS fertility is high in Latin America, especially among the more educated. This study highlights both the importance of member characteristics in influencing fertility and the role of selective recruiting in determining how and whether these characteristics vary by context.

The demand and collection of hydrometeorological data is growing to support hydrologic and hydraulic analyses, and other studies. These data can amount to extensive information that requires sound data management to enable efficient storage, access, and use. While much of the globe is using technology to efficiently collect and store hydrometeorological data, other parts, such as developing countries, are unable to do so. This thesis presents an assessment of available river observations data in Latin American countries in Central America and the Caribbean. The assessment analyzes 1) access to available data, 2) spatial density of data, and 3) the temporal extents of data. This assessment determines that there are sections of the study area that constitute a drought of data or have limited data available.Furthermore, the development of an internationalized HydroServer Lite, a lite-weight web-based application for database and data management, is undertaken. A pilot program of the translated system in Spanish is established with an agency in each of the following countries: Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The internationalized version of HydroServer Lite promises to be a useful tool for these groups. While full implementation is currently underway, benefits include improved database management, access to data, and connectivity to global groups seeking to aid developing countries with hydrometeorological data.

The centuries-old neocolonial relationship between the United States and Latin America is marked by acts of silencing, either directly in the hands of U.S. foreign affairs organizations or by proxy governments economically supported by the United States. These attempts to de-memorialize the atrocities of the past consolidate the power dynamic between the inheritors of colonial rule, and those who were colonized. U.S. interventionist policies––borne of corporate interests, the safeguarding of capitalism, and a skewed sense of national security––have created mass and enduring violence in Latin America, resulting in waves of migration north, where the journeys of the displaced are often denied, erased, and forgotten. This thesis began as an exploration of the U.S -Mexico border wall, understanding it as a flagship banner of propaganda, and has developed into the analysis of a state of surveillance across the Mexican territory. By analyzing and interpreting migratory paths through the states of Chiapas, Guanajuato and Chihuahua, the thesis centers, validates, and upholds the multiplicity and variability of the phenomenon of migration. This proposal takes a critical stance towards the current state of refuge and safety throughout Mexico for migrants. Currently, humanitarian efforts deny the permanence of human mobility in the Americas by only affording provisional housing. Focusing on migration by foot, the thesis envisions a network of hyper-visible, and thus invisible, spaces of shelter that are permanent and rely on communal action in defiance of xenophobic laws. Nested within an already existing network of community chapels and working within the language of contemporary vernacular architecture, the spaces of shelter provide respite, information, as well as legal and medical services, and dismantle centralized approaches to humanitarian aid. Their existence as permanent structures memorialize migration, signify resistance, and attempt to provide dignity and power to those migrating through the Mexican territory towards a promised land.

[pt] A presente tese parte do diagnóstico de Gayatri Spivak sobre a subalternidade. Mais especificamente, os capítulos 2 e 3 tomam a conclusão de Spivak sobre a incapacidade de falar do subalterno como seu centro de gravidade, ao redor do qual orbitam as problematizações teóricas, articulações conceituais, críticas e argumentos. De forma geral, a tese acompanha a proposição de Spivak, de modo que não é sua intenção provar tal diagnóstico errado. No entanto, é um dos objetivos da tese demonstrar como tal diagnóstico pode estar incompleto. Nesse sentido, o capítulo 3 questiona se o conceito de subalternidade expressa uma forma de vida moderna/colonial que pode ser identificada apenas pela marca da exclusão na arena simbólica. Com tal problematização, o argumento da tese busca distanciar-se das análises que lêem a problemática do subalterno através de lentes estritamente epistemológicas, propondo, em seu lugar, um giro ontológico capaz de apreciar a experiência de indeterminação. A fim de construir esse giro, a tese articula os estudos subalternos com contribuições advindas da psicanálise Lacaniana. Assim, a partir dos conceitos de Lacan, o capítulo 4 busca encontrar uma gramática capaz de interpretar o subalterno em duas dimensões diagnósticas: como perda da experiência e como experiência da perda. Portanto, para dar conta da primeira dimensão, a tese realiza uma releitura da teoria Lacaniana da foraclusão em conjunto com as reflexões dos Estudos Subalternos. Em segundo lugar, relativo à leitura da última dimensão, a experiência da perda, a tese mobiliza um engajamento crítico com as conceituações de Lacan sobre o registro do Real, com foco nas suas operações no campo da teoria das pulsões, as quais aparecem no texto através das discussões sobre o retorno invertido do real, sobre a dessublimação e a travessia do fantasma. O capítulo 5, por sua vez, combina as preocupações teóricas da tese com exemplos concretos, sentidos e contextos históricos na América Latina. Em particular, o capítulo 6 enfatiza uma análise do caso das trabalhadoras pobres e racializadas, cujas experiências políticas estão relacionadas às duas dimensões do diagnóstico da perda mencionadas acima. A função desse momento final é, portanto, acionar uma contribuição analítica que traga aplicação histórica à gramática conceitual proposta e apresentada pelos capítulos iniciais da tese. / [en] This dissertation starts with Gayatri Spivak s diagnosis on the subaltern. More specifically, in Chapters 2-3, Spivak s conclusion about the subaltern disability to speak becomes a sort of gravity center around which orbitate theoretical problematizations, conceptual articulations, critiques and argumentative proposals. In many degrees, this dissertation follows Spivak s proposition, in that it does not intend to prove Spivak s diagnosis wrong. It does aim, however, to show how such diagnosis is incomplete. In that sense, Chapter 3 questions whether the subaltern translates a life form of the modern/colonial system that can only be demarcated by its exclusion from the symbolic arena. With this problematization, the general objective is to move away from a strictly epistemological take on the subaltern problematique towards an ontological turn capable of appreciating the experience of indeterminacy as having an ontological status of its own. In order to construct that turn, the dissertation articulates subaltern studies with Lacanian psychoanalysis contributions. Drawing in Lacan s concepts, chapter 4 tries to find a grammar capable to interpret both the subaltern s expulsion from experience and the subaltern s experiences of denial. Hence, while that first level of interpretation is accomplished through a rereading of Lacan s theory of foreclosure along with subalternalists reflections, the second one is sustained by a critical engagement with Lacan s conceptualizations around the register of Real and its operations as drives - generally related with inverted returns, desublimation, and crossing of fantasy. The Chapter 5 combines such theoretical preoccupation with concrete examples, meanings, and historical contexts related to Latin America reality. In particular, Chapter 6 focus in the case of female workers, which points towards political dynamics that embrace the diagnoses of loss mentioned above. The role of this final moment is to bring an analytical piece capable of offering a historical application of the conceptual grammar about the subaltern as it was developed along the previous chapters of the dissertation.

No description available.

[pt] Esta tese de doutorado procura estudar Cristologia da Libertação Latinoamericana na perspectiva de Jon Sobrino, o qual elabora seu pensamento cristológico numa correlação entre Jesus como Servo de Deus, os profetasmártires e os povos-crucificados latino-americanos. Com esta correlação tenta-se uma superação da dicotomia entre as cristologias: descendente e ascendente. A tese está composta de três partes com oito capítulos. Na primeira parte, com dois capítulos: No primeiro capítulo, analisou-se a figura do Servo de Deus no Dêutero-Isaías, pois o escrito revela o Servo de Deus com três dimensões: eleição, missão e destino. No segundo capítulo, refletiu-se Jesus se compreendendo como Servo de Deus e como este título foi aplicado a Jesus pelos apóstolos mantendo estas três dimensões de eleição, missão e destino. Na segunda parte, com três capítulos: No terceiro capítulo, estudou-se realmente o título Jesus-servo de Deus na perspectiva de Jon Sobrino e com esta ótica foram refletidos outros títulos de Jesus na mesma perspectiva tendo como princípio hermenêutico as vítimas latinoamericanas destacando mais a dimensão de eleição de Jesus. O quarto capítulo foi elaborado para mostrar a dimensão da missão de Jesus como o Reino de Deus e quinto capítulo sobre o destino de Jesus demonstrando assim sua morte redentora por solidariedade-substitutiva para chegar à exaltação da glória da ressurreição: o ressuscitado é o crucificado. Na terceira parte, com três capítulos: O sexto capítulo versa sobre a identificação de Jesus-servo com o profeta-mártir Dom Oscar Romero, o sétimo capítulo sobre a soteriologia histórica de Jesus-servo com seus povos-crucificados e o oitavo capítulo com uma proposta de seguimento de Jesus-servo constituindo uma Igreja-serva como um novo povo pascal. / [en] This doctoral thesis’s aims to study Christology of Liberation in Latin American from the perspective of Jon Sobrino, which prepares your Christological thought in a correlation between Jesus as the Servant of God, profhets-martyrs and crucified-peoples Latin Americans. With this correlation is an attempt to overcome the dichotomy between christologies: descending and ascending. The thesis in composed of three parts with eight chapters. In the first part, with two chapters: in the first chapter, it was analyzed the figure of the Servant of God in Deutero-Isaiah, as the writing reveals the Servant of God with three dimensions: election, mission and destiny. In the second chapter, it was reflected Jesus understanding himself as the Servant of God and how this title was applied to Jesus by the apostles, keeping these three dimensions of election, mission and destiny. In the second part with three chapters, the third chapter, it was studied really the title Jesus-servant of God from the perspective of Jon Sobrino and with this perspective were reflected other titles of Jesus in the same hermeneutic perspective based on the principle victims of Latin American further highlighting the dimension of election of Jesus. The fourt chapter was designed to show the dimension of the mission of Jesus as the Kingdom of God and the fifth chapter on the destiny of Jesus demonstrate his redemptive death for solidarityreplacement to get to the exaltation of the glory of the resurrection The rose is the crucified. In the third part, with three chapters: the sixth chapter deals with the identification of Jesus-servant with the profhet-martyr Archbishosp Oscar Romero, the seventh chapter on soteriology historical Jesus-servant with his crucified-peoples and the eighth chapter propose to following Jesus-servant, constituting a serven-church as a new Easter people.