Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-154).

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) are species both strongly influenced by habitat loss and fragmentation in agricultural landscapes. Population declines for the bobwhite and the paucity of information regarding swamp rabbit prevalence add uncertainty to their potential for persistence in Illinois. Research has indicated that these 2 species rarely disperse long distances. In a metapopulation context, such limitations ultimately dictate species' ability to colonize habitat, thereby affecting their persistence. Since gene flow is one of the consequences of dispersal, I employed genetic investigations of the landscape features that affect gene flow, called landscape genetics, to aid the understanding of factors influencing the persistence of the northern bobwhite and swamp rabbit in an agricultural landscape. Tissue samples were collected from hunter harvested bobwhite in central and southern Illinois during 2007-2008. Tissue from trapped swamp rabbits and fecal pellets from swamp rabbit habitat were collected during 2004-2011 in the southernmost counties of Illinois. Microsatellite genetic markers were analyzed for each species. Bayesian clustering methods were used to find interbreeding groups. Levels of gene flow were assessed with F statistics. Correlations between individual genetic distances and landscape features provided an assessment of geographical attributes affecting gene flow. Northern bobwhite expressed less genetic structure among the southern and central counties of Illinois than expected from their sedentary reputation. Genetic differentiation among pre-defined subpopulations was low (FST <0.05) but significant. Genetic clusters were not tightly linked to geography. Individual-based analysis indicated that distance impacted gene flow more than the distribution of suitable habitat or highway barriers. Additionally, the distribution of suitable habitat on the landscape had a negative affect on gene flow indicating bobwhite may disperse through unsuitable habitat more readily than through suitable habitat. These results suggest that greater area of suitable habitat and improvement of existing habitat may be more beneficial to bobwhite than its arrangement or position on the landscape. Significant genetic structure was observed in swamp rabbits in the Cache River watershed of southernmost Illinois. Bayesian clustering indicated 4 distinct genetic groups inhabited the study area. Such structuring suggests swamp rabbits in the northernmost part of their range experience low connectivity among habitat patches and are consequently at risk for extinction in Illinois. Gene flow of swamp rabbits was tied to watercourses indicating their affinity for a water source impacts their dispersal tendencies. Gene flow was negatively impacted by highway barriers, which may interrupt swamp rabbit dispersal due to their avoidance of roads or land cover associated with roads. Alterations to swamp rabbit habitat that leads to loss, increased fragmentation, or increased road density may have severe negative impacts and should be avoided. Habitat improvement focused closer to watercourses may provide a greater benefit for swamp rabbits.

Orientador: José Luiz Laus / Banca: Duvaldo Eurides / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Resumo: São diversas as indicações para o emprego de adesivos derivados do cianoacrilato na área médica. Em oftalmologia humana, há décadas, estes biomateriais são utilizados com resultados satisfatórios. Entretanto, em veterinária, ainda são escassos o conhecimento de suas propriedades e a sua aplicação. Considerando o interesse em se avaliar o comportamento do etil-cianoacrilato, comparativamente ao octil-cianoacrilato, clínica e histopatologicamente, em córneas de coelhos, empregaramse 36 animais, nos quais, após ceratectomia lemelar de 3 mm de diâmetro, os adesivos foram aplicados e recobertos por uma fina película acelular. No pós-operatório, foram realizadas avaliações gerais (dias 1 a 10), exames oftálmicos (dias 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 44 e 60) e estudos histopatológicos (períodos 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 e 60). Consideraram-se, ainda, os custos e disponibilidade dos adesivos. Clinicamente, houve diferença significativa para as variáveis, consumo de água, atitude, blefarite, edema corneal, teste da fluoresceína e tempo de permanência dos adesivos. À histopatologia, para o etil-cianoacrilato, já nos primeiros períodos de avaliação, observou-se epitelização corneal, organização do colágeno e moderada reação inflamatória. Para o octil-cianoacrilato, constatou-se a permanência do adesivo até as fases mais tardias, sob o qual, mais lentamente os eventos de reepitelização e organização do colágeno ocorreram com reação inflamatória discreta. Os custos e disponibilidade de aquisição do etil-cianoacrilato foram mais acessíveis do que os do octil-cianoacrilato. / Abstract: There are several indications for the employment of adhesives derived from the cyanoacrylate in the medical area. In human ophthalmology, from decades, the cyanoacrylates have been used with satisfactory results. However, in veterinary medicine, there is a scarcity of knowledge of its properties and applications. Considering the objective of evaluating the behavior of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate, comparatively to octhyl-cyanoacrylate, clinically and histopatologically, in rabbit corneas, there were used 36 animals. After lamellar keratectomy with 3 mm of diameter the adhesives was applied and recovered with a fine pellicle. In the post operative period general (days 1 to 10), ophthalmic (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 44 and 60) and hystopathologic (periods 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60) exams was performed. There was also considered the costs and accessibility of the adhesives. Clinically, there were significant differences for the variables water consumption, attitude, blepharitis, corneal edema, fluorescein test and adhesive permanence time. With respect to the histopathological evaluation, for the treatment with ethyl-cyanoacrylate, there was observed already in the very first periods of evaluation, corneal epitelization, collagen organization and moderate inflammatory reaction. For the octhyl-cyanoacrylate treatment, there was observed the adhesive permanence until later phases, under which more vagarously the events of reepithelization and collagen organization occurred with a discrete inflammatory reaction. The ethyl-cyanoacrylate presented minor costs and more facility to acquire. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_vt_me_jabo.pdf: 1455341 bytes, checksum: 765b2ab3aba98040b2ac44da5d3e3c3e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / São diversas as indicações para o emprego de adesivos derivados do cianoacrilato na área médica. Em oftalmologia humana, há décadas, estes biomateriais são utilizados com resultados satisfatórios. Entretanto, em veterinária, ainda são escassos o conhecimento de suas propriedades e a sua aplicação. Considerando o interesse em se avaliar o comportamento do etil-cianoacrilato, comparativamente ao octil-cianoacrilato, clínica e histopatologicamente, em córneas de coelhos, empregaramse 36 animais, nos quais, após ceratectomia lemelar de 3 mm de diâmetro, os adesivos foram aplicados e recobertos por uma fina película acelular. No pós-operatório, foram realizadas avaliações gerais (dias 1 a 10), exames oftálmicos (dias 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 44 e 60) e estudos histopatológicos (períodos 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 e 60). Consideraram-se, ainda, os custos e disponibilidade dos adesivos. Clinicamente, houve diferença significativa para as variáveis, consumo de água, atitude, blefarite, edema corneal, teste da fluoresceína e tempo de permanência dos adesivos. À histopatologia, para o etil-cianoacrilato, já nos primeiros períodos de avaliação, observou-se epitelização corneal, organização do colágeno e moderada reação inflamatória. Para o octil-cianoacrilato, constatou-se a permanência do adesivo até as fases mais tardias, sob o qual, mais lentamente os eventos de reepitelização e organização do colágeno ocorreram com reação inflamatória discreta. Os custos e disponibilidade de aquisição do etil-cianoacrilato foram mais acessíveis do que os do octil-cianoacrilato. / There are several indications for the employment of adhesives derived from the cyanoacrylate in the medical area. In human ophthalmology, from decades, the cyanoacrylates have been used with satisfactory results. However, in veterinary medicine, there is a scarcity of knowledge of its properties and applications. Considering the objective of evaluating the behavior of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate, comparatively to octhyl-cyanoacrylate, clinically and histopatologically, in rabbit corneas, there were used 36 animals. After lamellar keratectomy with 3 mm of diameter the adhesives was applied and recovered with a fine pellicle. In the post operative period general (days 1 to 10), ophthalmic (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 44 and 60) and hystopathologic (periods 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60) exams was performed. There was also considered the costs and accessibility of the adhesives. Clinically, there were significant differences for the variables water consumption, attitude, blepharitis, corneal edema, fluorescein test and adhesive permanence time. With respect to the histopathological evaluation, for the treatment with ethyl-cyanoacrylate, there was observed already in the very first periods of evaluation, corneal epitelization, collagen organization and moderate inflammatory reaction. For the octhyl-cyanoacrylate treatment, there was observed the adhesive permanence until later phases, under which more vagarously the events of reepithelization and collagen organization occurred with a discrete inflammatory reaction. The ethyl-cyanoacrylate presented minor costs and more facility to acquire.

Orientador: Ana Sílvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura / Banca: Edson Ramos de Siqueira / Banca: Luiz Carlos Machado / Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento da gaiola sobre o comportamento e desempenho de coelhos em crescimento, com diferentes formações de grupos sociais. O experimento, conduzido em duas etapas, teve inicio na desmama, com cinco semanas, e finalizou com 11 semanas de idade. Em cada etapa foram utilizados 72 coelhos do grupo genético Botucatu, 36 machos e 36 fêmeas, alojados em 12 gaiolas de arame galvanizado, seis animais por gaiola. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial de 2 x 3 (com e sem enriquecimento e em três tipos de grupos sociais - fêmeas, machos e misto), totalizando 6 tratamentos com 2 repetições em cada etapa. Dois pedaços de eucalipto (15 x 3 x 3 cm), usados como enriquecimento, foram dependurados com arame no teto da gaiola e posicionados entre 20 e 30 cm do piso. Seis câmeras foram usadas para registrar imagens do comportamento dos animais por 24h contínuas, uma vez por semana, na 7ª, 10ª e 11ª semanas. Quatro pontos de luz negra foram acionados no período noturno. Foram efetuados registros pontuais dos comportamentos: lúdico, exploratório, agressivo, estereotipado, interação com o enriquecimento, interação social e cecotrofia. Para avaliação do bem-estar foram utilizadas as frequências dos comportamentos lúdico e estereotipado, além da interação com o enriquecimento. Aos 77 dias foi registrado o número de lesões cutâneas nas orelhas e em outras partes do corpo, que pudessem ter sido ocasionadas por brigas. Em seguida, os animais foram abatidos e o peso dos órgãos, incluindo o cérebro, da carcaça e de seus cortes foram coletados. Não houve diferença no desempenho entre os tratamentos. O efeito da interação enriquecimento x grupo social revelou que os machos com enriquecimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effect of cage enrichment on the behavior and welfare of growing rabbits in different social groups. The experiment, carried out in two phases, was initiated at weaning with five weeks of age and ended at 11 weeks of age. Seventy-two rabbits from the Botucatu genetic group, 36 males and 36 females, were housed in 12 wire cages, six per cage, in each phase. The animals were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (with or without enrichment and in three types of social groups - females, males, and mixed) comprising six treatments with two replicates in each phase. Two eucalyptus sticks (15 x 3 x 3 cm) were hung from the cage ceiling with wires to be positioned at 20 to 30 cm from the cage floor. Six cameras were used to record the animals' behavior continuously for 24 hours, once a week on weeks 7, 10 and 11. Four black light bulbs were turned on during the night. The following behavior activities were scored as they occurred: ludic, exploratory, agressive, stereotypes, interaction with the enrichment, social interaction, and cecotrophy. The frequencies of ludic and stereotyped activities were used to evaluate welfare in addition to interaction with the enrichment. At 77 days of age the number of skin lesions in the ears and other parts of the body, that could have been caused by fights among animals, were recorded and the animals were slaughtered. The weight of organs, including the brain, carcass and carcass parts were registered. No difference in growth performance was detected among treatments. An enrichment x social group interaction effect... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

A espécie leporina vem sendo utilizada de forma ampla como modelo experimental em diversas áreas da medicina e medicina veterinária. A escassez de estudos publicados nesta área torna questionável a utilização ética da espécie em experimentos cirúrgicos. O objetivo foi determinar a duração dos bloqueios motor e sensitivo da lidocaína e bupivacaína administradas pela via peridural sacrococcígea e lombossacra e seus efeitos cardiovasculares e respiratórios associados a anestesia geral inalatória em coelhos submetidos a orquiectomia. Foram utilizados 30 animais da espécie leporina, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, pesando entre 2,350 e 3,300 kg, distribuídos em cinco grupos experimentais. O grupo Lido LS recebeu 0,3 ml/kg de lidocaína a 2% pela via peridural lombossacra; o grupo Lido SC recebeu 0,3 ml/kg de lidocaína a 2% pela via peridural sacrococcígea; o grupo Bupi LS recebeu 0,3 ml/kg de bupivacaína a 0,5% pela via peridural lombossacra; o grupo Bupi SC recebeu 0,3 ml/kg de bupivacaína a 0,5% pela via peridural sacrococcígea e o grupo Controle recebeu 0,3 ml/kg de solução fisiológica pela via peridural lombossacra. A administração peridural foi realizada por meio de punção simples com agulha hipodérmica. Na primeira parte do experimento, os animais foram anestesiados com sevofluorano em oxigênio a 100% com auxílio de máscara, e após a administração do protocolo de cada grupo, os reflexos sensitivos foram testados por meio de pinçamento dos dermátomos cutâneos e dos dígitos dos membros pélvicos e cauda. Os reflexos motores foram avaliados por meio de escore de tônus muscular dos membros pélvicos e cauda. Esta fase teve como objetivo determinar a duração e padrão de dispersão do bloqueio sensitivo e motor. Duas semanas após a determinação da duração do bloqueio sensitivo e motor, os animais foram anestesiados com isofluorano em máscara, intubados, e a administração do mesmo protocolo de anestesia peridural foi realizada para a realização de orquiectomia. A frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica, concentração de dióxido de carbono ao fim da expiração, concentração de isofluorano inspirado e expirado, saturação de oxihemoglobina e temperatura corpórea foram monitorados a cada 10 min durante 50 min. Logo após a administração peridural e ao fim do procedimento, uma amostra de sangue arterial foi colhida para avaliação hemogasométrica. A dispersão, avaliada pelo número de dermátomos bloqueados, nos grupos que receberam a administração lombossacra foi maior que nos grupos de administração sacrococcígea. O período médio de bloqueio sensitivo com a lidocaína foi de 70±13,78 min pela via lombossacra e 60,83±23,11 min pela via sacrococcígea. Com a administração de bupivacaína pela via lombossacra, a duração do bloqueio sensitivo foi de 199,16±15,30 min e pela via sacrococcígea foi de 168,33±44,57 min. O grupo controle teve maior consumo de anestésico geral e maior requerimento de analgésico trans-operatório e de fármacos vasoativos durante o procedimento, demonstrando analgesia insuficiente e depressão cardiovascular superior aos grupos em que houve a associação da anestesia peridural e geral. Houve ocorrência de bloqueio unilateral em 50 % dos animais que receberam a administração sacrococcígea. Conclui-se que a administração peridural lombossacra apresentou duração e dispersão maiores que a administração sacrococcígea em coelhos. A ocorrência de bloqueio unilateral foi maior com a utilização do sítio sacrococcígeo. Foi observada maior depressão cardiovascular nos animais que não receberam a administração de anestésico local no espaço epidural. A utilização de lidocaína e bupivacaína levou a anestesia peridural satisfatória na espécie leporina, sendo uma técnica eficiente e de fácil execução. / Rabbits have been widely used as an experimental model in different areas of medicine and veterinary medicine. The few published studies in this area make the ethical use of this species in surgical experiments questionable. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of sensory and motor block of lidocaine and bupivacaine epidurally administered in lumbosacral or sacrococcygeal sites and their cardiovascular and respiratory effects associated with inhalation anesthesia in rabbits undergoing orchiectomy. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were used, weighing between 2,350 and 3.300 kg, divided into 5 experimental groups. The Lido LS group received 0.3 ml / kg of 2% lidocaine lumbosacral epidural; Lido SC group received 0.3 ml / kg of 2% lidocaine sacrococcygeal epidural; Bupi LS group received 0.3 ml / kg of 0.5% bupivacaine for lumbosacral epidural; Bupi SC group received 0.3 ml / kg of 0.5% bupivacaine for sacrococcygeal epidural; and the control group received 0.3 ml / kg of saline epidural lumbosacral. Epidural was performed by single puncture with hypodermic needle. In the first part of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen mask, and after the administration of each protocol group, the sensitive reflexes were tested by pinching the skin dermatomes and the digits of the hind limbs and tail. The motor reflexes were evaluated by scoring muscle tone of the pelvic limbs and tail. Two weeks after the determination of the duration of sensory and motor block, the animals were anesthetized with isoflurane in mask, intubated, and the administration of the same protocol of epidural anesthesia was performed for the orchiectomy. Heart and respiratory rate, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, concentration of isoflurane inhaled and exhaled, oxyhemoglobin saturation and body temperature were monitored every 10 minutes during a 50 minutes surgery. Soon after epidural administration and at the end of the procedure, a sample of arterial blood was collected for evaluation of arterial blood gases. The dispersion was measured by the number of dermatomes blocked and groups receiving lumbosacral administration had a higher number than groups that received sacrococcygeal administration. The mean duration of sensory block with lidocaine was 70±13.78 min via lumbosacral site and 60.83±23.11 min via sacrococcygeal site. In bupivacaine lumbosacral group, the duration of sensory block was 199.16±15.30 min and in sacrococcygeal group was 168.33±44.57 min. The control group had higher consumption of general anesthetic and trans-operative analgesic requirement and had higher vasoactive requirement during the surgical procedure, demonstrating greater cardiovascular depression than the groups that received an association of epidural and general anesthesia. There was 50% occurrence of unilateral block in animals that received the sacrococcygeal administration. It is concluded that epidural administration showed lumbosacral length and dispersion greater than sacrococcygeal administration in rabbits. The incidence of unilateral block was higher when used the sacrococcygeus site. Greater cardiovascular depression was observed in animals that did not receive the administration of local anesthetic into the epidural space. The use of lidocaine and bupivacaine led to satisfactory epidural anesthesia in rabbits, being an efficient and easy technique to perform.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

No description available.