Walking machines may not be more common or faster than the transportations with wheels. It can¡¦t be ignored in the occasions of unknown terrain. This paper is going to discuss about how a walking machine get faster and be static stable. When the quadrupeds walk toward, the wide won¡¦t be changed. So that, longitudinal stability margin can take the place of stability margin to simplify gait problems. Meanwhile we can get the optimal gait. In the past researches, there is only one kind of walking type will be discussed in one time. This is because there are not so many relationships between different kinds of movement. If we take one step ahead to discuss the optimal gait, it will be more difficult. If there was a way to get into optimal gait from random initial position, we can connect one movement with the other. The velocity was constrained while the quadruped modal has had been made since 1968 by McGhee. We will try to change the working area to approve the performance. As to the researches of multi-legs walking machine, most of them talk about quadrupeds and hexapods. it will be less if the more legs we are talked about. To maintain stable tread, a walking machine request four legs at least. We can regard a quadruped as a unit, and divide a multi-leg working machine in to many quadrupeds. By using the method of quadruped analysis, we can simplify multi-legs gait algorithm problems.

<p>Rapporten behandlar utvecklingsarbetet av ett nytt gåbord i samarbete med Skaraborgs sjukhus. Målet med arbetet var delvis att lokalisera och lösa de problem som fanns med det befintliga gåbordet. Samt utöver detta utveckla och göra bordet ergonomiskt anpassat för både vårdare och patient. Arbetet är uppdelat i bakgrund, förstudie, idégenerering, konceptutveckling och till sist ett resultat. I förstudien har de olika gåbord som finns på marknaden studerats och vilka problem det finns med dessa genom intervjuer med berörda parter. Genom en innehållsrik kravspecifikation och riktlinjer från Svensk standard (ISO-11199, 2005) har arbetet haft tydliga ramar för den utvecklande processen. Med hjälp av ett antal kreativitetsmetoder har ett stort antal lösningar hittats som efter en utvärdering gallrats till ett fåtal kvarvarande. Efter det följande utvecklingsarbetet har dessa idéer förbättrats till ett slutgiltigt koncept, en produkt som möter de krav som satts upp.</p> / <p>This report deals with the development of a new walking table in cooperation with the hospitals in Skaraborg. The goal was partally to locate and solve the problems that existed with the walking aid, and with a usability outlook develop the table to suit both nurses and patients. The work is divided into a literature study, idea generation, concept development and finally a result part. In the preliminary study, the group looked at various walking tables available on the market today and what problems there are with them through interviews. Through a comprehensive specification of requirements and guidelines from the Swedish standard association, the work could go on to the developing process. With the help of some different creativity techniques, a large number of solutions where found, and after evaluating these solutions a smaller amount of concepts could be developed futher. After improvement of these ideas, the project resulted in a product that met the requirements set by the user and project team.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Ball State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 14, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

This study demonstrates how norms and ideals about sexuality and gender expression are used in the TV-show The Walking Dead. An intermediate study is made on the comic books’ two same sex couples as they are compared to how they are represented in the TV-show. Tara Chambler and Alisha, a same sex couple who only exist in the TV-show, not in the comic books, are also analysed. Queer theory and an intersectional perspective are used to discover how different power asymmetries are connected to each other through an active interplay. An analysis of the reception is also made with the help of a discourse analysis on 50 of the twitter commentaries that were posted after the show’s first same sex kiss, with the aim to understand how the media and the public affect one another. The material is selected comic books, episodes from the TV-show and twitter comments. The study shows how sexual expressions are neutralized and used in a heteronormative way.

Public transportation and other alternatives to the private automobile are receiving increased attention for their potential to decrease congestion, reduce environmental damage and support healthier lifestyles. In particular, bus transit increases mobility and provides an opportunity for increased physical activity. In light of a scarcity of research on the subject, this report investigates a common rule of thumb used in transit planning that suggests riders will only walk five minutes to access a bus stop. A review of existing research shows that many transit riders walk longer than five minutes to reach a bus and that transit-access walking behavior is far more varied than implied by the 5-minute assumption. An effort was undertaken to estimate walking distances of bus riders in Austin, Texas using data from a 2010 survey administered to riders on local buses. The analysis estimated transit walks of unreasonable distances for some respondents, suggesting that the starting location address or access mode responses were inaccurately reported. Flaws in the data collection process interfered with a clear analysis of the relationship of walking distances to rider behavior, but the data showed that many riders walked considerably farther than 1/4 mile. The Austin data and reports from others summarized in the literature review of this report indicate that the 5-minute walk is not an accurate representation of transit access behavior and that further evaluation of the 5-minute assumption should be undertaken. Moreover, innovative approaches should be developed to more accurately predict bus commuter behavior to design a more effective transit system. Analysis of the survey data suggests that implementation of improved data collection methods in future studies could provide more useful and accurate data on walking behavior associated with transit use. / text

Biped walking remains a difficult problem and robot models can greatly {facilitate} our understanding of the underlying biomechanical principles as well as their neuronal control. The goal of this study is to specifically demonstrate that stable biped walking can be achieved by combining the physical properties of the walking robot with a small, reflex-based neuronal network, which is governed mainly by local sensor signals. This study shows that human-like gaits emerge without {specific} position or trajectory control and that the walker is able to compensate small disturbances through its own dynamical properties. The reflexive controller used here has the following characteristics, which are different from earlier approaches: (1) Control is mainly local. Hence, it uses only two signals (AEA=Anterior Extreme Angle and GC=Ground Contact) which operate at the inter-joint level. All other signals operate only at single joints. (2) Neither position control nor trajectory tracking control is used. Instead, the approximate nature of the local reflexes on each joint allows the robot mechanics itself (e.g., its passive dynamics) to contribute substantially to the overall gait trajectory computation. (3) The motor control scheme used in the local reflexes of our robot is more straightforward and has more biological plausibility than that of other robots, because the outputs of the motorneurons in our reflexive controller are directly driving the motors of the joints, rather than working as references for position or velocity control. As a consequence, the neural controller and the robot mechanics are closely coupled as a neuro-mechanical system and this study emphasises that dynamically stable biped walking gaits emerge from the coupling between neural computation and physical computation. This is demonstrated by different walking experiments using two real robot as well as by a Poincar\' map analysis applied on a model of the robot in order to assess its stability. In addition, this neuronal control structure allows the use of a policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm to tune the parameters of the neurons in real-time, during walking. This way the robot can reach a record-breaking walking speed of 3.5 leg-lengths per second after only a few minutes of online learning, which is even comparable to the fastest relative speed of human walking.

No description available.

Currently, attendance issues are prevalent in academic settings. When students do not attend school, it has an effect on their education and on the community at large. This study looked at the issue of truancy at the Early Years level and focused on studying one possible solution: the Walking School Bus Program. In this program two Community Outreach Workers were hired to walk students with attendance issues to school on a daily basis. A qualitative study was completed to obtain the perspectives of key individuals involved in the Walking School Bus program.

Introduction Many chiropractic articles and textbooks discuss gait, but there actually has been little research into the effects of chiropractic adjustment on gait. This pilot study used a quantitative method of gait evaluation before and after a series of chiropractic visits. Hypotheses: (1) adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) would show increased variability in vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) while walking, as compared to healthy control subjects, and (2) that, following chiropractic care, will show decreased variability. Methods VGRF data were collected for 6 controls and compared to 9 CLBP participants, who were also evaluated before and after the first visit of care and over 7 visits. Data were analyzed by Mean Standard Deviation (MSD), Mean Coefficient of Variation (MCV), and the Coefficient of Variation of loading rate. Chiropractic care consisted of “high velocity low amplitude” thrust type procedures, flexion-distraction, pelvic wedges, light mobilization, and stretching. Results CLBP participants had somewhat greater variability and became slightly less variable post-care; differences were not significant. Limitations: Some participants had no impairment of walking at baseline; MSD is an uncommon measure, and more research is needed; these results (small group seen by a single doctor) may not be generalizable. Conclusions Participants with CLBP had slightly more variability and had slight decreases in variability following chiropractic care. Differences were not statistically significant. With this small pilot study as a guide, more research should be done with larger groups and improved participant selection.

No description available.