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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Significance of LRP6 coreceptor upregulation in the aberrant activation of Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

Wong, Yin-chi, Betty., 黃妍之. January 2008 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Pathology / Master / Master of Philosophy
42

Regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development by Wnts, sFRPs and bHLH proteins/

Kele Olovsson, Julianna M.V., January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
43

Cytoskeletal Regulation and Morphogen Signaling During Synaptic Outgrowth at the <em>Drosophila</em> Larval Neuromuscular Junction : A Dissertation

Ramachandran, Preethi 10 August 2009 (has links)
Synaptic plasticity, in its broadest sense, can be defined as the ability of synapses to be modified structurally and functionally in response to various internal and external factors. Growing evidence has established that at the very core of these modifications are alterations in the cytoskeletal architecture. This discovery has led to the unearthing of a number of signaling pathways that might be involved in cytoskeletal regulation and also in the regulation of other aspects of synapse development and plasticity. In this regard, polarity proteins and secreted morphogens such as the Wnt proteins, typically involved in embryonic development, are emerging as critical determinants of synaptic growth and plasticity. However, their mechanism of action at synapses needs further investigation. Additionally, not much is known about how these morphogens are secreted or transported across synapses. Using the Drosophila larval NMJ as a model system, I have addressed aspects related to the issues mentioned above in the subsequent body of work. In the first half of my thesis, I have uncovered a role for the aPKC/Baz/Par-6 polarity protein complex in the regulation of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton in conjunction with the lipid and protein phosphatase PTEN. In the second half of my thesis, I have contributed to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the secretion of Wg, the Drosophila Wnt homolog. Our findings suggest that Wnts might be secreted via a previously unidentified mechanism involving the release of exosome like vesicles from the presynapse and this process requires Evi/Wntless (Evi), a protein dedicated to Wnt secretion. Alterations in signaling pathways and aberrant cytoskeletal regulation lead to a variety of neurological disorders. The body of work in this thesis will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in synaptic plasticity and provide a basis for uncovering similar pathways in the context of vertebrate synapses.
44

Envolvimento da Beta-catenina na via Wnt em meduloblastomas: estudo molecular e imunohistoquímico / Involvement of b-catenin gene in WNT pathway in medulloblastoma: molecular and immunohistochemical analysis

Silva, Roseli da 25 July 2007 (has links)
Meduloblastoma é um tumor embrionário maligno e invasivo do cerebelo, com manifestação preferencial em crianças, sendo predominantemente de diferenciação neuronal e tendência natural a metastatização por via liquórica. O gene da b-catenina (CTNNB1) está localizado no cromossomo 3p22-p21-3, sendo seu produto uma proteína citoplasmática de 92 kDa, envolvida na adesão celular e na transdução de sinal durante a embriogênese e morfogênese tecidual. A fosforilação da b-catenina é necessária para sua degradação, evitando a associação com o fator de transcrição Tcf (fator de célula T), responsável pela ativação de genes, cujos produtos promovem a proliferação celular. Estudos têm demonstrado a presença da b-catenina no núcleo das células de tumorais, um achado inesperado, pois, tratando-se de uma proteína envolvida na adesão celular, sua expressão seria esperada na membrana celular. Subseqüentemente foram descritas mutações no exon 3 do gene da b-catenina, envolvendo sítios de fosforilação. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar em meduloblastomas: mutações no gene CTNNB1, o acúmulo da proteína b-catenina, bem como correlacionar ambos os achados entre si e com o tipo histológico e analisar os níveis de expressão relativa de genes envolvidos na via WNT (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC) e correlaciona-los com o tipo histológico, idade e dados de mutação de CTNNB1 e acúmulo de b-catenina. As amostras de DNA foram extraídas de 67 casos de meduloblastomas. A análise de alterações no exon 3 de CTNNB1 foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e seqüenciamento direto. A expressão da b-catenina foi analisada pela técnica de imunohistoquímica (IHQ). As análises de expressão relativa de CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC foram realizadas pelo método de PCR quantitativo em tempo real (RQ-PCR) em 31 amostras de meduloblastomas. A freqüência de mutações do exon 3 de CTNBB1 foi de 15%. Foram identificadas 6 mutações missense e em heterozigose em 10 casos: troca de G por A (Asp32Asn) em um caso, troca de C por A (Ser34Tir) em quatro casos, troca de C por G (Ser33Cis) em dois casos, troca G por A (Gli34Arg) em um caso, troca de G por T (Gli34Glu) em um caso e troca de C por A (Ser37Tir) em um caso. Foi observada uma imunorreatividade de ß-catenina no núcleo em 36,4% dos casos analisados. No citoplasma, a ß-catenina estava presente em todos os casos. Não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico e os dados qualitativos e semi-quantitativos de IHQ. Também não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico com os achados de mutações. Não foi observada diferença nos níveis de expressão dos genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 e APC nos meduloblastomas em relação ao tecidos cerebelares não tumorais. Na análise de expressão relativa e a classificação histológica, apenas APC apresentou diferença entre o tipo clássico com o desmoplásico. Não houve diferença dos níveis de expressão relativa em nenhum dos genes com relação à idade do paciente. A presença de mutações de CTNNB1 não afetou a expressão relativa de CTNNB1 e APC. Por outro lado, AXIN1 apresentou uma maior expressão relativa nos casos com mutação. APC apresentou uma menor expressão quanto maior o acúmulo de b-catenina no núcleo. Os dados indicam que outras proteínas da via WNT podem estar envolvidas no acúmulo de b-catenina nas células de meduloblastomas, além do envolvimento de outras diferentes vias. / Medulloblastoma is a malignant invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with a preferential manifestation in children, being predominantly with neuronal differentiation, and a natural tendency to metastasize through spinal fluid pathways. b-catenin gene (CTNNB1) is localized at chromosome 3p22-p21.3 and codifies a cytoplasmatic protein of 92 kDa, involved in cellular adhesion and signal transduction during embriogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. b-catenin phosphorylation is necessary for its degradation, avoiding association with Tcf (T cell factor), responsible for activation of some genes, whose products promote cellular proliferation. Studies have demonstrated the presence of b-catenin in the nucleus of tumoral cells, an unexpected finding because it is a protein involved in cellular adhesion and its normal localization is at the cellular membrane. Subsequentially, mutations in the phosphorylation sites, localized at the exon 3 of b-catenin gene, have been described. The aims of this study were to analyze in medulloblastomas: CTNNB1 gene mutations, the protein b-catenin accumulation, as well as to correlate both findings between them and with the histological type and to analyze the relative expression levels of genes involved in the WNT pathway (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC). DNA samples were extracted from 67 cases of medulloblastoma. Alterations of CTNNB1 exon 3 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The expression of the protein b-catenin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relative expression analyses of CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC were determined by quantitative real time PCR (RQ-PCR) in 31 medulloblastoma samples. The frequency of CTNBB1 exon 3 mutations in the CTNNB1 was 15%. We identified six missense heterozygous mutations in ten cases: a G to A change (Asp32Asn) in one case, a C to A change (Ser34Tyr) in four cases, a C to G change (Ser33Cys) in two cases, a G to A change (Gly34Arg) in one case and a G to T change (Gly34Glu) in one case and a C to A change (Ser37Tyr) in one case. It was observed b-catenin immunoreactivity in the nucleus in 36.4% of all cases analyzed. In the cytoplasm, the ß-catenin was present in all the cases. No correlation between histological type and IHQ qualitative and semi-quantitative. Also, there was no correlation between histological type and mutations. No difference in the expression levels of the genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 and APC were observed in medulloblastomas in relation to normal cerebellum samples by QT-PCR analysis. In the analysis of relative expression and the histological classification, only APC presented significant difference between classic and desmoplastic type. There was no difference of the relative expression levels of any gene with the patient?s age. The presence of CTNNB1 mutations did not affect the relative expression of CTNNB1 and APC. On the other hand, AXIN1 presented a higher relative expression in the cases with mutation. APC expression level was lower when b-catenin nuclear accumulation was higher. Our data indicate that other proteins of WNT pathway can be involved in b-catenin accumulation in medulloblastoma cells, as well as the involvement of other different pathways.
45

Envolvimento da Beta-catenina na via Wnt em meduloblastomas: estudo molecular e imunohistoquímico / Involvement of b-catenin gene in WNT pathway in medulloblastoma: molecular and immunohistochemical analysis

Roseli da Silva 25 July 2007 (has links)
Meduloblastoma é um tumor embrionário maligno e invasivo do cerebelo, com manifestação preferencial em crianças, sendo predominantemente de diferenciação neuronal e tendência natural a metastatização por via liquórica. O gene da b-catenina (CTNNB1) está localizado no cromossomo 3p22-p21-3, sendo seu produto uma proteína citoplasmática de 92 kDa, envolvida na adesão celular e na transdução de sinal durante a embriogênese e morfogênese tecidual. A fosforilação da b-catenina é necessária para sua degradação, evitando a associação com o fator de transcrição Tcf (fator de célula T), responsável pela ativação de genes, cujos produtos promovem a proliferação celular. Estudos têm demonstrado a presença da b-catenina no núcleo das células de tumorais, um achado inesperado, pois, tratando-se de uma proteína envolvida na adesão celular, sua expressão seria esperada na membrana celular. Subseqüentemente foram descritas mutações no exon 3 do gene da b-catenina, envolvendo sítios de fosforilação. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar em meduloblastomas: mutações no gene CTNNB1, o acúmulo da proteína b-catenina, bem como correlacionar ambos os achados entre si e com o tipo histológico e analisar os níveis de expressão relativa de genes envolvidos na via WNT (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC) e correlaciona-los com o tipo histológico, idade e dados de mutação de CTNNB1 e acúmulo de b-catenina. As amostras de DNA foram extraídas de 67 casos de meduloblastomas. A análise de alterações no exon 3 de CTNNB1 foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e seqüenciamento direto. A expressão da b-catenina foi analisada pela técnica de imunohistoquímica (IHQ). As análises de expressão relativa de CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC foram realizadas pelo método de PCR quantitativo em tempo real (RQ-PCR) em 31 amostras de meduloblastomas. A freqüência de mutações do exon 3 de CTNBB1 foi de 15%. Foram identificadas 6 mutações missense e em heterozigose em 10 casos: troca de G por A (Asp32Asn) em um caso, troca de C por A (Ser34Tir) em quatro casos, troca de C por G (Ser33Cis) em dois casos, troca G por A (Gli34Arg) em um caso, troca de G por T (Gli34Glu) em um caso e troca de C por A (Ser37Tir) em um caso. Foi observada uma imunorreatividade de ß-catenina no núcleo em 36,4% dos casos analisados. No citoplasma, a ß-catenina estava presente em todos os casos. Não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico e os dados qualitativos e semi-quantitativos de IHQ. Também não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico com os achados de mutações. Não foi observada diferença nos níveis de expressão dos genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 e APC nos meduloblastomas em relação ao tecidos cerebelares não tumorais. Na análise de expressão relativa e a classificação histológica, apenas APC apresentou diferença entre o tipo clássico com o desmoplásico. Não houve diferença dos níveis de expressão relativa em nenhum dos genes com relação à idade do paciente. A presença de mutações de CTNNB1 não afetou a expressão relativa de CTNNB1 e APC. Por outro lado, AXIN1 apresentou uma maior expressão relativa nos casos com mutação. APC apresentou uma menor expressão quanto maior o acúmulo de b-catenina no núcleo. Os dados indicam que outras proteínas da via WNT podem estar envolvidas no acúmulo de b-catenina nas células de meduloblastomas, além do envolvimento de outras diferentes vias. / Medulloblastoma is a malignant invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with a preferential manifestation in children, being predominantly with neuronal differentiation, and a natural tendency to metastasize through spinal fluid pathways. b-catenin gene (CTNNB1) is localized at chromosome 3p22-p21.3 and codifies a cytoplasmatic protein of 92 kDa, involved in cellular adhesion and signal transduction during embriogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. b-catenin phosphorylation is necessary for its degradation, avoiding association with Tcf (T cell factor), responsible for activation of some genes, whose products promote cellular proliferation. Studies have demonstrated the presence of b-catenin in the nucleus of tumoral cells, an unexpected finding because it is a protein involved in cellular adhesion and its normal localization is at the cellular membrane. Subsequentially, mutations in the phosphorylation sites, localized at the exon 3 of b-catenin gene, have been described. The aims of this study were to analyze in medulloblastomas: CTNNB1 gene mutations, the protein b-catenin accumulation, as well as to correlate both findings between them and with the histological type and to analyze the relative expression levels of genes involved in the WNT pathway (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC). DNA samples were extracted from 67 cases of medulloblastoma. Alterations of CTNNB1 exon 3 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The expression of the protein b-catenin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relative expression analyses of CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC were determined by quantitative real time PCR (RQ-PCR) in 31 medulloblastoma samples. The frequency of CTNBB1 exon 3 mutations in the CTNNB1 was 15%. We identified six missense heterozygous mutations in ten cases: a G to A change (Asp32Asn) in one case, a C to A change (Ser34Tyr) in four cases, a C to G change (Ser33Cys) in two cases, a G to A change (Gly34Arg) in one case and a G to T change (Gly34Glu) in one case and a C to A change (Ser37Tyr) in one case. It was observed b-catenin immunoreactivity in the nucleus in 36.4% of all cases analyzed. In the cytoplasm, the ß-catenin was present in all the cases. No correlation between histological type and IHQ qualitative and semi-quantitative. Also, there was no correlation between histological type and mutations. No difference in the expression levels of the genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 and APC were observed in medulloblastomas in relation to normal cerebellum samples by QT-PCR analysis. In the analysis of relative expression and the histological classification, only APC presented significant difference between classic and desmoplastic type. There was no difference of the relative expression levels of any gene with the patient?s age. The presence of CTNNB1 mutations did not affect the relative expression of CTNNB1 and APC. On the other hand, AXIN1 presented a higher relative expression in the cases with mutation. APC expression level was lower when b-catenin nuclear accumulation was higher. Our data indicate that other proteins of WNT pathway can be involved in b-catenin accumulation in medulloblastoma cells, as well as the involvement of other different pathways.
46

In quest of genetic susceptibility to disorders manifesting in fractures:assessing the significance of genetic factors in femoral neck stress fractures and childhood non-OI primary osteoporosis

Korvala, J. (Johanna) 29 May 2012 (has links)
Abstract Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that leads to a reduction in bone volume, deterioration of bone microarchitecture and therefore increased fracture risk. Bone disorders such as osteoporosis commonly have both genetic and environmental components. Family and twin studies have shown the importance of genetics in bone formation and health, but most of the genetic factors contributing to bone formation are still largely unknown. The aim of this thesis was to search for and identify genetic factors that predispose to two different bone disorders manifesting in fractures, namely femoral neck stress fractures and childhood primary osteoporosis without features of OI (i.e. non-OI primary osteoporosis). Furthermore, in vitro studies were performed to elucidate the importance and mechanism of action of identified genetic factors in non-OI primary osteoporosis. By using candidate gene analyses we identified predisposing alleles, haplotypes and their interactions that increased the risk for femoral neck stress fractures in young male military conscripts. The conscripts lacking the CTR C allele and/or VDR C-A haplotype had a three-fold increased risk for femoral neck stress fractures compared to the carriers of both. Furthermore, conscripts carrying the LRP5 A-G-G-C haplotype had a three-fold increased risk for femoral neck stress fractures and in combination with VDR C-A haplotype a four-fold increased risk for stress fractures. These associations were mediated by low body weight and BMI. In the search for genetic factors of non-OI primary osteoporosis in children and adolescent, two novel mutations in LRP5 and two more variants in WNT3A and DKK1 were found in patients. The variants were also observed in the affected family members, but not in the control group. The effects of these variants were examined in in vitro studies and the results showed that some LRP5 mutations and the WNT3A variant might reduce bone formation by decreasing the canonical Wnt signalling activity. / Tiivistelmä Osteoporoosi on luustosairaus, joka alentaa luuntiheyttä ja heikentää luun rakennetta ja siten lisää murtumien riskiä. Osteoporoosin kaltaiset luusairaudet ovat usein monitekijäisiä tauteja, joiden syntyyn vaikuttavat sekä perinnölliset että ympäristölliset tekijät. Perhe- ja kaksostutkimukset ovat osoittaneet perinnöllisten tekijöiden olevan tärkeitä luun muodostuksessa ja terveydessä, mutta nämä tekijät ovat kuitenkin vielä suurelta osin tuntemattomia. Tutkimustyön tavoitteena oli etsiä ja tunnistaa perinnöllisiä tekijöitä, jotka altistavat kahdelle luunmurtumina ilmenevälle sairaudelle: reisiluunkaulan rasitusmurtumille ja lasten primaariselle osteoporoosille. Lisäksi primaariselle osteoporoosille altistavien perinnöllisten tekijöiden merkitystä ja vaikutusmekanismeja tutkittiin in vitro- kokeilla. Reisiluunkaulan rasitusmurtumille altistavien alleelien, haplotyyppien ja näiden vuorovaikutusten tunnistamiseen käytettiin ehdokasgeenianalyysiä nuorten alokkaiden aineistossa. Potilailla, joilta CTR-geenin C-alleeli ja/tai VDR-geenin C-A haplotyyppi puuttuivat, oli kolminkertainen riski rasitusmurtumien syntyyn molempien geenimuotojen kantajiin verrattuna. Myös LRP5-geenin A-G-G-C haplotyypin kantajilla oli kolminkertainen riski rasitusmurtumiin ja VDR-geenin C-A haplotyyppi ja A-G-G-C yhdessä lähes nelinkertaistivat rasitusmurtumien riskin alokkailla. Näiden assosiaatioiden todettiin välittyvän alhaisen painon ja painoindeksin välityksellä. Lapsuudessa tai varhaisnuoruudessa puhkeavan primaarisen osteoporoosin perinnöllisten tekijöiden etsinnässä löydettiin kaksi uutta mutaatiota LRP5-geenistä ja yhteensä kaksi uutta muutosta WNT3A- ja DKK1-geeneistä. Uusien ehdokasgeenilöydösten osuutta primaarisen osteoporoosin syntyyn tukee se, että muutokset löydettiin potilaiden lisäksi heidän sairailta sukulaisiltaan eikä muutoksia havaittu kontrolliaineistoissa. Uusien mutaatioiden mahdollisia vaikutuksia tutkittiin in vitro-kokein, jotka osoittivat, että eräät LRP5-geenin mutaatiot ja WNT3A-geenin muutos alentavat kanonisen Wnt-signalointireitin aktiivisuutta ja voivat siten vähentää luunmuodostusta.
47

Apoptosis-regulating factors in developing and adult ovaries

Jääskeläinen, M. (Minna) 16 November 2010 (has links)
Abstract Apoptosis plays a crucial part in human ovarian function from fetal development to the end of reproductive potential. Failures in the regulation of ovarian apoptosis are associated with many pathological conditions such as premature ovarian insufficiency, infertility and cancer. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors regulating cell survival in human fetal and adult ovaries. The fetus is exposed to maternal- and placental-derived estrogens and insufficient estrogen action has destructive effects on rodent ovarian development. We detected estrogen receptors and estrogen-converting enzymes in human fetal ovaries after primordial follicle formation, indicating that estrogens participate in human fetal ovarian development, especially after folliculogenesis. The WNT4 gene is crucial for female sexual differentiation, follicle formation and oocyte survival. We detected WNT4 in follicular cells of fetal and adult human ovaries. In addition, Wnt4- knockout mice demonstrated a dramatic loss of oocytes before birth. However, no changes were detected in protein expression patterns of common apoptosis-related proteins. The results support the possible role of WNT4 in human ovarian function and strengthen previous knowledge on the antiapoptotic role of Wnt4. Apoptosis signaling is mediated by extracellular- and mitochondria-associated- pathways, ending in caspase cascade activation and fragmentation of cellular structures. In the present study we analyzed the expression of several apoptosis-related factors and detected TRAIL, TNF, Bcl-XL, Bok and caspase-3 in human ovaries. In addition, TRAIL was found to be a potent and rapid inducer of human granulosa tumor cell (KGN) apoptosis. Lentiviral downregulation of Bok or Bcl-XL protein expression in KGN cells also resulted in significant changes in cell vulnerability to apoptosis. The results show for the first time the spatiotemporal expression patterns of TRAIL, TNF, Bcl-XL, Bok and caspase-3 in human ovaries and suggest an important functional role of TRAIL, Bok and Bcl-XL in regulation of human ovarian apoptosis. The present study offers novel information on the expression and function of cell survival factors in human ovaries. These new findings open possibilities for future clinical research in attempts to understand and treat ovarian diseases caused by imbalanced regulatory pathways of apoptosis.
48

The regulation of Msx genes by Wnt and BMP signalling during stem cell development /

Hussein, Samer M. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
49

Ação de agonistas da via Wnt/beta-catenina em células T CD4+ murinas / Role of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in murine CD4 T cells

Santos, Carla Cristine Crude dos 12 June 2015 (has links)
A via canônica Wnt/beta-catenina regula várias funções em vertebrados, incluindo diferenciação de células T, bem como a proliferação, sobrevivência, morfogênese e migração de vários tipos celulares. As células T CD4+ é fundamental para a competência imunológica. Foi observado pelo nosso grupo que células T CD4+ humanas apresentam ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina após tratamento com sais de lítio ou outros agonistas da via. A ativação desta via induziu a proliferação de células T CD4+ naive e de memória central. Em conjunto, estes dados sugerem um importante papel da via Wnt/beta-catenina na homeostase de células T CD4+ humanas. Seria importante avaliar o papel da via Wnt/beta-catenina nas células do sistema imune no modelo murino, já que pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito na homeostase de células T CD4+ murinas. A ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina pode ser induzida com inibidores da proteína Glicogênio sintase quinase 3beta (GSK3beta), por exemplo, os sais de lítio (LiCl e Li2CO3) e inibidores específicos (SB, CHIR) em vários tipos celulares. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o efeito de inibidores de GSK3? na ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina canônica em esplenócitos e células T CD4+, através da realização de experimentos in vivo e in vitro, avaliando a expressão de seus genes alvo HIG2, Bcl-xL, Ciclina D1 e c-myc. Verificou-se que o tratamento in vivo agudo (2-12 h após a administração) ou crônico (administração diária por 30 dias) de camundongos não é capaz de ativar a via Wnt/beta-catenina in vivo em células esplênicas e células T CD4+, embora o mesmo tratamento induza a expressão dos genes alvo da via no tecido cerebral (córtex e hipocampo). Além disso, também não foi possível verificar ativação da via em esplenócitos e células T CD4+ após tratamento in vitro das mesmas com LiCl ou os inibidores específicos de GSK3beta testados(CHIR99021, SB-216763), embora essa ativação tenha sido observada na linhagem celular HEK293. Nossos resultados sugerem que a via Wnt/beta-catenina (canônica) não é induzível em células T CD4+ murinas maduras, com os agonistas testados. Isso pode ter implicações fisiológicas, por exemplo sobre a homeostase de células T CD4+, já que a proliferação homeostática de células T, influenciada em humanos pela via Wnt/beta-catenina, é menos importante em camundongos / The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates many functions in vertebrates, including T cell differentiation, as well as proliferation, morphogenesis and migration in different cell types. CD4+ T cells play is fundamental for immunological competence. Our group has observed that human CD4+ T cells present activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway after treatment with lithium salts or other pathway agonists. The activation of this pathway induced proliferation in naive and central memory CD4+ T cells. Together, these results suggest an important role for the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in the homeostasis of human CD4+ T cells. It would be very important to evaluate the role of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in T cells in the mouse model, since little is known about its effect in mice CD4+ T cell homeostasis. The activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway may be induced with Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3B (GSK3beta) inhibitors, i.e., lithium salts as mentioned above, and specific GSK3beta inhibitors (SB, CHIR) in different cell types. In this work, we evaluated the effect of GSK3beta inhibitors in the activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin in splenocytes and CD4+ T cells, by conducting experiments in vivo and in vitro, evaluating the expression of its target genes HIG2, Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1 and c-myc. We verified that acute (2-12 hours after administration) or chronic (daily administration for 30 days) treatment of mice with lithium salts is not able to activate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in splenocytes and CD4+ T cells, although we could observe activation in brain tissues (cortex and hypothalamus). Besides, no activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was observed in these cell types after in vitro treatment with LiCl or the specific inhibitors of GSK3beta (CHIR99021, SB-216763), while the pathway was activated by the same treatments in HEK293 cells. Our results suggest that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is not inducible in murine mature CD4+ T cells with the tested agonists. This may have physiological implications, for instance on the homeostasis of CD4+ T cells, where homeostatic proliferation - influenced the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in human T cells - is less important in the maintenance of the murine peripheral T cell pool
50

Ação de agonistas da via Wnt/beta-catenina em células T CD4+ murinas / Role of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in murine CD4 T cells

Carla Cristine Crude dos Santos 12 June 2015 (has links)
A via canônica Wnt/beta-catenina regula várias funções em vertebrados, incluindo diferenciação de células T, bem como a proliferação, sobrevivência, morfogênese e migração de vários tipos celulares. As células T CD4+ é fundamental para a competência imunológica. Foi observado pelo nosso grupo que células T CD4+ humanas apresentam ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina após tratamento com sais de lítio ou outros agonistas da via. A ativação desta via induziu a proliferação de células T CD4+ naive e de memória central. Em conjunto, estes dados sugerem um importante papel da via Wnt/beta-catenina na homeostase de células T CD4+ humanas. Seria importante avaliar o papel da via Wnt/beta-catenina nas células do sistema imune no modelo murino, já que pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito na homeostase de células T CD4+ murinas. A ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina pode ser induzida com inibidores da proteína Glicogênio sintase quinase 3beta (GSK3beta), por exemplo, os sais de lítio (LiCl e Li2CO3) e inibidores específicos (SB, CHIR) em vários tipos celulares. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o efeito de inibidores de GSK3? na ativação da via Wnt/beta-catenina canônica em esplenócitos e células T CD4+, através da realização de experimentos in vivo e in vitro, avaliando a expressão de seus genes alvo HIG2, Bcl-xL, Ciclina D1 e c-myc. Verificou-se que o tratamento in vivo agudo (2-12 h após a administração) ou crônico (administração diária por 30 dias) de camundongos não é capaz de ativar a via Wnt/beta-catenina in vivo em células esplênicas e células T CD4+, embora o mesmo tratamento induza a expressão dos genes alvo da via no tecido cerebral (córtex e hipocampo). Além disso, também não foi possível verificar ativação da via em esplenócitos e células T CD4+ após tratamento in vitro das mesmas com LiCl ou os inibidores específicos de GSK3beta testados(CHIR99021, SB-216763), embora essa ativação tenha sido observada na linhagem celular HEK293. Nossos resultados sugerem que a via Wnt/beta-catenina (canônica) não é induzível em células T CD4+ murinas maduras, com os agonistas testados. Isso pode ter implicações fisiológicas, por exemplo sobre a homeostase de células T CD4+, já que a proliferação homeostática de células T, influenciada em humanos pela via Wnt/beta-catenina, é menos importante em camundongos / The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates many functions in vertebrates, including T cell differentiation, as well as proliferation, morphogenesis and migration in different cell types. CD4+ T cells play is fundamental for immunological competence. Our group has observed that human CD4+ T cells present activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway after treatment with lithium salts or other pathway agonists. The activation of this pathway induced proliferation in naive and central memory CD4+ T cells. Together, these results suggest an important role for the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in the homeostasis of human CD4+ T cells. It would be very important to evaluate the role of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in T cells in the mouse model, since little is known about its effect in mice CD4+ T cell homeostasis. The activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway may be induced with Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3B (GSK3beta) inhibitors, i.e., lithium salts as mentioned above, and specific GSK3beta inhibitors (SB, CHIR) in different cell types. In this work, we evaluated the effect of GSK3beta inhibitors in the activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin in splenocytes and CD4+ T cells, by conducting experiments in vivo and in vitro, evaluating the expression of its target genes HIG2, Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1 and c-myc. We verified that acute (2-12 hours after administration) or chronic (daily administration for 30 days) treatment of mice with lithium salts is not able to activate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in splenocytes and CD4+ T cells, although we could observe activation in brain tissues (cortex and hypothalamus). Besides, no activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was observed in these cell types after in vitro treatment with LiCl or the specific inhibitors of GSK3beta (CHIR99021, SB-216763), while the pathway was activated by the same treatments in HEK293 cells. Our results suggest that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is not inducible in murine mature CD4+ T cells with the tested agonists. This may have physiological implications, for instance on the homeostasis of CD4+ T cells, where homeostatic proliferation - influenced the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in human T cells - is less important in the maintenance of the murine peripheral T cell pool

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