En 1889, le clinicien Stefen Paget proposa l'hypothèse de " la graine et du terroir " pour expliquer la progression tumorale. La graine - la tumeur - ne peut pousser que dans le bon terroir - le microenvironnement tumoral. Durant le développement du cancer, la tumeur et ce microenvironnement sont en constant dialogue biochimique. Nous nous sommes intéressés durant cette thèse à l'hypothèse de Paget d'un point de vue mécanique : le terroir mécanique peut-il influencer la progression tumorale ? Nous avons choisi une approche in vitro afin de découpler les influences biochimiques et mécaniques. Nous avons travaillé avec des sphéroïdes multicellulaires, petites boules de cellules tumorales qui imitent remarquablement bien une tumeur. Nous avons développé une méthodologie nous permettant d'exercer des contraintes mécaniques sur des sphéroïdes, et nous avons étudié l'influence de telles contraintes. Nous avons montré qu'une contrainte mécanique influence le développement tumoral. Une contrainte mécanique réduit fortement la croissance d'un sphéroïde, et ce de manière réversible. Le volume des cellules au centre est diminué, ce qui semble déclencher un arrêt de la prolifération. Nous avons également montré que la division cellulaire est source de flux cellulaires à l'intérieur d'un sphéroïde, et que ces flux peuvent être inhibés par l'application d'une contrainte. Enfin, nous avons observé qu'une contrainte mécanique peut promouvoir l'envahissement d'une matrice de collagène par un sphéroïde. En conclusion, qu'un dialogue mécanique restreigne la progression tumorale ou la promeuve, il en est un élément intrinsèque.

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A MAP/PH/1 queue is a queue having a Markov arrival process (MAP), and a single server with phase-type (PH -type) distributed service time. This thesis considers the departure process from these type of queues. We use matrix analytic methods, the Jordan canonical form of matrices, non-linear filtering and approximation techniques. The departure process of a queue is important in the analysis of networks of queues, as it may be the arrival process to another queue in the network. If a simple description were to exist for a departure process, the analysis of at least feed-forward networks of these queues would then be analytically tractable. Chapter 1 is an introduction to some of the literature and ideas surrounding the departure process from MAP/PH/1 queues. Chapter 2 sets up the basic notation and establishes some results which are used throughout the thesis. It contains a preliminary consideration of PH -type distributions, PH -renewal processes, MAP s, MAP/PH/1 queues, non-linear filtering and the Jordan canonical form. Chapter 3 is an expansion of "The Output process of an MMPP/M/1 queue", where the question of whether a MAP description can exist for the departure process of a non-trivial MAP/M/1 queue is considered. In a 1994 paper, Olivier and Walrand conjectured that the departure process of a MAP/PH/1 queue is not a MAP unless the queue is a stationary M/M/1 queue. This conjecture was prompted by their claim that the departure process of an MMPP/M/1 queue is not MAP unless the queue is a stationary M/M/1 queue. We show that their proof has an algebraic error, which leaves open the above question of whether the departure process of an MMPP/PH/1 queue is a MAP or not. In Chapter 4, the more fundamental problem of identifying stationary M/M/1 queues in the class of MAP/PH/1 queues is considered. It is essential to be able to determine from its generator when a stationary MAP is a Poisson process. This does not appear to have been discussed in the literature prior to the author's paper, where this deficiency was remedied using ideas from non-linear filtering theory, to give a characterisation as to when a stationary MAP is a Poisson process. Chapter 4 expands upon "When is a MAP Poisson". This investigation of higher order representations of the Poisson process is motivated by first considering when a higher order PH -type distribution is just negative exponential. In Chapter 5, we consider the related question of minimal order representations for PH -type distributions, an issue which has attracted much interest in the literature. A discussion of other authors' ideas is given and these ideas are then inter-related to the work presented in Chapter 4 on the PH -type distributions. The MAP/M/1 queue is then considered in Chapter 6 from the perspective of whether having an exact level and phase independent stationary distribution of the geometric form [Formula - Not available: see pdf version of the abstract] implies that the MAP is Poisson. The answer is in the affirmative for this question, but the converse is not strictly true. Apart from showing the ubiquitous asymptotic form of level and phase independence exhibited by all stable MAP/M/1 queues, we prove that a very large class of stable queues, exhibits what we have termed shift-one level and phase independence. Stable MAP/M/1 queues exhibiting shift-one level and phase independence, are characterised by a stationary distribution of the following form: [Formula - Not Available: see pdf version of the abstract] In Chapter 7, a family of approximations is proposed for the output process of a stationary MAP/PH/1 queue. To check the viability of these approximations, they are used as input to another single server queue. Performance measures for the second server are obtained analytically in both the tandem and approximation cases, thus eliminating the need for simulation to compare results. Comparison of these approximations is also made against other approximation methods in the literature. In Chapter 8, we show that our approximations from Chapter 7 have the property of exactly matching the inter-departure time distribution. Our kth approximation also accurately captures the first k-1 lag-correlation coefficients of the stationary departure process. The proofs of this direct association between lag-correlation coefficients and the level of complexity k are given. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Applied Mathematics, 1999.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the composition and the fermentative effects of aerial part silage of cassava with inclusion of root or bark of cassava on losses of gases and effluent, the pH, the concentration of NH3-N and the chemical composition of silages the aerial part of cassava. We used a completely randomized design with four levels of cassava (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12% inclusion of bark or root), each with four replicates. The addition of cassava peel caused a linear increase in the losses of gases and linear reduction in effluent losses. The dry matter (DM) content increased while crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased linearly with the addition of cassava peel. The pH remained at levels desirable for a good fermentation, with averages of 4.12 and 4.07 for treatments with the addition of bark or cassava root respectively. The N-NH3 had results below the desired minimum, 7.84 and 7.69% with the addition of bark or root of cassava respectively, and the addition of a linear decrease root. The effluent and gases losses for both silages with the inclusion of root or bark of cassava were minimal, being these byproducts of agriculture, an alternative to animal feed. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar a composição e os efeitos fermentativos na ensilagem da parte aérea da mandioca com inclusão da casca ou raiz da mandioca sobre as perdas por gases e efluentes, o pH, os teores de N-NH3 e a composição bromatológica das silagens. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de raspa de mandioca (0, 3, 6, 9 ou 12% de inclusão de casca ou raiz), cada um com quatro repetições. A adição de casca de mandioca aumentou linearmente as perdas por gases e redução linear nas perdas por efluente. O teor de matéria seca (MS) aumentou, enquanto os de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) diminuíram linearmente com a adição de casca de mandioca. O valor de pH se mantiveram em níveis desejáveis para boa fermentação, com médias de 4,12 e 4,07 para os tratamentos com a adição de casca ou raiz de mandioca respectivamente. Os teores de N-NH3 tiveram resultados abaixo do mínimo desejado, 7,84 e 7,69% com a adição de casca ou raiz de mandioca respectivamente, tendo a adição de raiz uma diminuição linear. As perdas por efluentes e gases, tanto para silagens com a inclusão de casca ou raiz de mandioca foram mínimas, sendo esses subprodutos da agricultura, uma alternativa como aditivo da silagem.

Chez les ruminants, l’Acidose Ruminale SubAiguë (ARSA) est une maladie d’origine nutritionnelle qui fait suite à une perturbation des fermentations microbiennes et à une acidité anormale du compartiment ruminal. L’installation chronique de ce dysfonctionnement digestif peut avoir une incidence néfaste sur l’efficacité de production et la santé des animaux. À l’échelle de l’individu ou du troupeau, elle aura pour conséquences des retombées économiques négatives pour l’éleveur. Un des problèmes majeurs de cette maladie est qu’elle ne se manifeste pas par des signes cliniques spécifiques. A l’heure actuelle, seul le pH ruminal permet d’objectiver la maladie même si aucun indicateur de pH ne fait l’unanimité, notamment du fait des variabilités importantes liées à la technique de mesure du pH d’une part et à la susceptibilité des animaux d’autre part. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a eu pour objectif d’améliorer le diagnostic individuel de l’ARSA chez la vache laitière en développant une approche multiparamétrique applicable sur le terrain. Nous proposons de nouveaux indicateurs issus de cinétiques de pH mesuré de façon non-invasive avec des bolus intra-ruminaux. Ces nouveaux indicateurs relatifs, calculés quotidiennement sur les cinétiques normalisées sur 0 (NpH), sont le temps passé sous NpH <-0,3, l’écart type et l’amplitude. Ils permettent de pallier les fortes sources de variabilité et présentent l’intérêt d’être transposables entre études et sont plus précis pour caractériser l’ARSA. Parallèlement, nous avons développé des modèles multiparamétriques composés de plusieurs paramètres mesurés simultanément dans différents compartiments biologiques (lait, fèces, salive, sang, urine) ou sur l’animal (comportement). Leur capacité de prédiction de l’ARSA a ensuite été évaluée en élevage. Certains modèles incluant des paramètres périphériques au rumen et simples à mesurer sur le terrain présentent une bonne sensibilité (concentration en urée dans le lait, en bicarbonate dans le sang, pH salivaire), et d’autres ont une bonne spécificité (nombre de buvées de l’animal, pH fécal, concentration en urée dans le lait). Néanmoins, aucun modèle ne renferme un couple sensibilité et spécificité satisfaisant. A l’issue de ce travail nous proposons une stratégie diagnostique fondée sur 4 étapes : 1) l’analyse du contexte de diagnostic de l’ARSA, 2) l’évaluation des facteurs de risques, 3) l’évaluation des modèles multiparamétriques et 4) le calcul d’indicateurs NpH ruminaux des individus à risque. / In ruminants, subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a nutritional disease that induces an abnormal acidity of the rumen compartment as well as disturbance in microbial fermentation. When the disease becomes chronic, it can lead to negative effects on production efficiency and animal health at the individual or the herd scales, with negative economic consequences for the farmer. One of the major problems of SARA is that there are no obvious clinical signs. Presently, the only benchmark to define SARA is rumen pH. However, no pH indicator is unanimous due to the important variability related both to the measurement technique itself and to the animal susceptibility. In this context, this thesis aimed to improve the individual diagnosis of SARA in dairy cows by developing a multiparametric approach that could be used on field. We propose new indicators of pH kinetics measured noninvasively with intra-ruminal boluses. These new relative indicators, calculated daily (kinetic normalised on 0, NpH), consist of the time spent under NpH < - 0.3, the NpH standard deviation and the NpH range. These indicators make it possible to overcome the strong sources of variability and have the advantage of being transposable while being more accurate to characterize SARA. At the same time, we have developed multiparametric models including a number of parameters measured simultaneously in various biological compartments (milk, faeces, saliva, blood, urine) or on animal behaviour. The models ability to predict SARA has been evaluated on field. Some models including rumen peripheral parameters (concentration of urea in milk, of bicarbonate in blood, salivary pH) have a proficient sensitivity while others have a proficient specificity (number of drinking acts, faecal pH, and urea concentration in milk). However, no model developed is both sensitive and specific enough. The diagnostic strategy we propose is based on 4 steps: 1) analysis of the SARA diagnostic context, 2) assessment of risk factors, 3) evaluation of multiparametric models and (4) determination of ruminal NpH indicators for individuals presenting a high risk of SARA.

Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Kátia Franklin Albertin Torres / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2015. / A medição do pH tem se mostrado de grande valia em diversos campos como em agricultura, saúde, indústria e meio ambiente. Na saúde, a identificação de áreas com células cancerígenas no corpo humano pode ser feita através da medição do pH nestas áreas. Os métodos e sensores utilizados atualmente não se mostram os melhores para isto. Os nanotubos de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) podem ser utilizados para esta medição, superando as dificuldades atuais, dadas as suas dimensões reduzidas, características morfológicas e baixo custo de processo. No presente trabalho obtiveram-se nanotubos de TiO2 em lâminas de Ti utilizando um processo de anodização em solução orgânica de etileno glicol, fluoreto de amônia (NH4F) e água, com diferentes tensões e tempos de processo e, posteriormente, caracterizados como sensores de pH. Para controle e definição da geometria dos nanotubos em região pré-determinada da lâmina, utilizou-se isolamento da área por meio de mascaramento mecânico utilizando Polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS). As amostras de nanotubos obtidos foram caracterizadas através da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os sensores de pH à base de nanotubos de TiO2 foram fabricados e caracterizados utilizando soluções padrões de valores de pH de 4,01; 5,50; 7,01; 8,50 e 10,01. Verificou-se que o tempo de anodização influi diretamente no comprimento dos nanotubos, enquanto que a tensão influi diretamente no diâmetro das bocas dos nanotubos, bem como da espessura de sua parede. Além disso, observou-se que, os sensores que apresentaram melhor sensibilidade foram produzidos em uma anodização com tensão de 40 V e com tempo de 45 minutos, valores estes intermediários em relação aos demais produzidos. Esta sensibilidade chegou ao valor de -51 mV/pH, bem próximo aos -59 mV/pH da equação teórica de Nernst. Ainda na caracterização elétrica dos sensores notou-se que não necessariamente o maior nanotubo em comprimento trará o melhor resultado, bem como nem o de maior diâmetro como foi constatado através do sensor anodizado com tensão de 40 V e com tempo de 45 minutos. / The pH measurement has proved of great value in several fields as, agriculture, health, industry and environment. In health, pH measurement can be used to identify cancer cells in the human body. The currently methods and sensors, due some limitation, are not the best mode to make cancer investigation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, due their small size, morphological characteristics and biocompatibility, overcome the currently difficulties, and it is very interesting to be used for pH measurement to identify cancer cells in the human body. In the present study were obtained TiO2 nanotubes Ti blades anodizing process using an organic solution in ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and water, with different voltages and process times and subsequently characterized as pH sensors. In order to control and defined the geometry of the nanotubes, a predetermined region of the TiO2 nanotubes arrays were defined by a mechanical masking with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The TiO2 nanotube arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH sensors based on TiO2 nanotubes were characterized using standard pH solutions of 4.01, 5.50, 7.01, 8.50 and 10.01. It was observed that the anodizing time influences directly the nanotubes length, while the anodizing voltage influences directly the nanotubes diameter, as well as the thickness of its wall. Furthermore, the pH sensors that shows the best sensitivity value were produced by anodization process with 40V voltage during 45 minutes. This sensitivity reached value of -51 mV/pH, very close to -59 mV/pH of theoretical Nernst equation. It is possible to observe that not necessarily the most nanotube length gives the best sensors results as well as the larger diameter.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the preservation and effect of lactation diets with high moisture corn containing fumaric acid on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets. Twenty sows of commercial genetic lines were used in a randomized complete block with four treatments (basal diet -BD, elaborated each 24 h; BD + 0.3% of fumaric acid - FA; BD + 0.6% FA and BD + 0.9% of FA) with five replications each. Diets with fumaric acid were elaborated each 48 hours. The acidification of diets was 14% higher (P<0.01) in diets elaborated with high-moisture corn containing 0.9% of fumaric acid. The temperature in 48 hours after the elaboration of diets was 8% lower (P<0.01) in diets containing 0.9% of fumaric acid than basal diet. The addition up to 0.9% fumaric acid reduces the pH of diets. Fumaric acid reduces the temperature of diets from 24 hours after its elaboration. The average daily food intake of lactating sows was 7.42 kg of natural matter not influenced (P>0.05) by treatments. The 0.9% of fumaric acid addition in diets reduces in 6% (P<0.01) the pH of milk. The average daily weight gain and average weaning live weight of piglets were not influenced (P>0.05) between treatments. The addition of fumaric acid in diets does not alter the performance of lactating sows and piglets, but increases (P<0.05) the normal feces frequency in piglets. Based on the assessment of pH and temperature, it is possible to preserve diets elaborated with high moisture corn until 48 hours after the production with the addition of 0.9% of fumaric acid. The addition of fumaric acid in the diet improves the health condition of piglets in the nursery. / O objetivo dessa dissertação foi avaliar a conservação e o efeito de dietas lactação elaboradas com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho contendo ácido fumárico sobre os desempenhos de porcas lactantes e suas leitegadas. Foram utilizadas vinte porcas de genética comercial em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (dieta basal - DB, elaborada a cada 24h; DB + 0,3% de ácido fumárico - AF; DB + 0,6% AF e DB + 0,9% de AF) e cinco repetições cada. As dietas contendo ácido fumárico foram elaboradas a cada 48 horas. A acidificação das dietas foi 14% superior (P<0,01) em dietas elaboradas com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho contendo 0,9% de ácido fumárico. A temperatura em 48 horas após a elaboração das dietas foi 8% inferior (P<0,01) em dietas contendo 0,9% de ácido fumárico em relação à dieta basal. A adição de até 0,9% de ácido fumárico reduz o pH das dietas. A adição de ácido fumárico reduz a temperatura das dietas a partir de 24 horas após a elaboração. O consumo médio diário de ração das porcas lactantes foi de 7,42 kg de matéria natural não diferindo (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. A adição de 0,9% de ácido fumárico nas dietas reduziu (P<0,01) em 6% o pH do leite. O ganho médio diário e o peso vivo médio dos leitões não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. A adição de ácido fumárico nas dietas não altera os desempenhos de porcas lactantes e de suas leitegadas, mas aumenta (P<0,05) a freqüência de fezes normais dos leitões. Com base nas avaliações de pH e temperatura, é possível conservar dietas elaboradas com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho até 48 horas após a fabricação com a adição de 0,9% de ácido fumárico. A adição de ácido fumárico nas dietas melhora a condição sanitária de leitões na maternidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_kg_me_araca.pdf: 3519498 bytes, checksum: 8be3bbadc0092628ca71b9618deb19ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Bisco Inc., Il, Usa / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da variação do pH da solução desmineralizante em modelo de ciclagem de pH na dureza de superfície, liberação de flúor e característica de superfície dos materiais restauradores: Ketac-Fil Plus, Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Freedom e Fluorofil. Foram confeccionados, para cada material, 34 corpos-de-prova que tiveram a dureza de superfície inicial (DSI) determinada após a confecção. A seguir, foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=30) de acordo com a variação de pH (4,3; 4,6; 5,0; 5,5 e 6,2) da solução desmineralizante e submetidos a períodos cíclicos em solução desmineralizante (Des-6 horas) e remineralizante (Re-18 horas) por 15 dias. Decorrido este período, verificou-se a dureza de superfície final (DSF) e a característica de superfície (n=24). As soluções armazenadas diariamente foram utilizadas para a determinação da concentração de flúor (Des+Re). As variáveis DSI, DSF e alteração de dureza de superfície (% ADS) foram submetidas à análise de variância e a liberação de flúor ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). A variação do pH proporcionou relação direta quando se comparou a dureza e inversa para a liberação de flúor nos cimentos de ionômero de vidro. Para as resinas compostas modificadas por poliácidos foi verificada relação inversa para a liberação de flúor, não havendo correlação na dureza. A característica de superfície foi influenciada pela variação do pH, ficando mais evidente nos menores pHs, exceto para as resinas compostas modificadas por poliácidos. Baseados nos resultados, concluiu-se que a variação do pH da solução desmineralizante do modelo de ciclagem influenciou a liberação de flúor dos materiais testados. Essa variação alterou a dureza e a característica de superfície dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro, mas não das resinas compostas modificadas por poliácidos. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH of the demineralizing solution in a cycling model on surface hardness, fluoride release and surface aspects of restorative materials (Ketac-Fil Plus, Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Freedom and Fluorofil). Thirty-four specimens of each material were made and surface hardness was measured. Then, the specimens were randomized in five groups (n=30), according to pH (4.3; 4.6; 5.0; 5.5; and 6.2) of the demineralizing solution and submitted to a cycling model during 15 days. The specimens remained in the demineralizing solution for 6 hours and in the remineralizing solution for 18 hours. After that, surface hardness was measured again and surface aspects were observed (n=24). Fluoride concentration was determined daily in all solutions (De+Re). Data from SMH (before and after pH-cycling) and %SMHC were analyzed by analysis of variance (p<0.05); Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out for the results of fluoride release. For glass ionomer cements, the variation of pH led to a direct relationship when hardness was compared and to an inverse relationship with regards to fluoride release. For polyacid-modified resin composites, an inverse relationship was found regarding fluoride release; no correlation was observed with regards to hardness. Surface aspect was influenced by pH variation: an acidic pH led to a greater alteration, except for polyacid-modified resin composites. It was possible to conclude that pH of the demineralizing solution did influence fluoride release from the tested materials. The pH variation altered hardness and surface aspects of glass ionomer cements, but it did not influence polyacid-modified resin composites in those analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1395694 bytes, checksum: 1a9744fa54a5d1efc4ca3637cc61c5cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this work was to evaluating the sorption and mobility of Ametryn in four types of soils [Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA), Humic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAh), Red Latosol (LV) and Yellow Latasol (LA)], at different pH values. For such, samples of these soils were collected at the depth of 0-20 cm and characterized physically and chemically. Acid neutralization curves were generated for each soil. Shortly after, it was performed the correction of soil acidity (for LVA, LVAh and LV), at pH values close to 6,0. LA was evaluated only at pH 6,3. Before implanting the study on ametryn mobility, preliminary assays were carried out, one for each soil, aiming at determining the herbicide dose which inhibits by 50% the accumulation of dry matter by the aerial part of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus), used as indicator species. Based on the data achieved, it was calculated the ametryn sorption ratio in the soils in relation to the inert substrate. The following sequence of sorption ratio in the soils was observed: LVAh sc > LVA sc > LVA cc > LVAh cc > LV sc > LA sc > LV cc (cc = with acidity correction; sc = without acidity correction). To evaluate ametryn mobility, PVC columns were used, with 10 cm of diameter and 50 cm of length. They were duly prepared and filled with the respective soils, and 4,0 kg ha-1 of ametryn were applied to the top of these columns. Twelve hours after herbicide application, a rain of 60 mm was simulated. After 72 hours, the columns were opened longitudinally andplaced in the horizontal position. The indicator species was sown along the columns for the assessment of ametryn mobility in the soils. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in split plot, with four replications. The experiment was composed of 70 treatments - seven substrates and ten segments (development of the indicator plants in the substrates of the columns at the depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15,15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45 and 45-50 cm). Besides, a control without herbicide was used for each soil. It was concluded that the lowest ametryn mobilities occurred in soils with higher contents of clay and CTC, and that liming favored ametryn mobility in the soils investigated. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a sorção e a mobilidade do ametryn em quatro tipos de solos [Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA), Latossolo Vermelho- Amarelo Húmico (LVAh), Latossolo Vermelho (LV) e Latassolo Amarelo (LA)], com valores de pH natural e corrigido. Para isso, amostras destes solos foram coletadas à profundidade de 0-20 cm, caracterizadas física e quimicamente e, geradas curvas de neutralização de acidez para cada um dos solos. Logo após foi realizada a correção de acidez dos solos (LVA, LVAh e LV), a valores de pH próximos a 6,0. O LA foi avaliado apenas no valor de pH 6,3. Antes da implantação do estudo de mobilidade do ametryn foram realizados ensaios preliminares, um para cada solo, visando determinar a dose do herbicida que inibe em 50% o acúmulo de matéria seca pela parte área das plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus), utilizadas como espécie indicadora. A partir dos dados obtidos foi calculada a razão de sorção do ametryn nos solos em relação ao substrato inerte. Constatou-se a seguinte sequência de razão de sorção nos solos:LVAh sc > LVA sc > LVA cc > LVAh cc > LV sc > LA sc > LV cc (cc = com correção da acidez; sc = sem correção da acidez). Para a avaliação da mobilidade do ametry nutilizou-se colunas de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, devidamente preparadas e enchidas com os respectivos solos. No topo dessas colunas foi aplicado o ametryn, na dose de 4,0 kg ha-1 . Doze horas após a aplicação do herbicida fez-se a simulação de uma chuva de 60 mm. Após 72 horas as colunas foram abertas longitudinalmente, colocadas na posição horizontal, sendo semeadas ao longo delas a espécie indicadora para se avaliar a mobilidade do ametryn nos solos. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi composto por 70 tratamentos sendo sete tipos de solos e 10 segmentos (desenvolvimento das plantas indicadoras nos substratos das colunas nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45 e 45-50 cm). Em complementação, foi utilizada uma testemunha sem herbicida para cada solo. Concluiu-se que menores mobilidades do ametryn ocorreram em solos com maiores teores de argila e de CTC, e que a calagem favoreceu a mobilidade do ametryn nos solos estudados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:02:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 279236 bytes, checksum: 70a91ae1ae8af48f86b1c868760ba4b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-12 / The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial populations, pH, the ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio, dry matter content, crude protein content, and the concentrations of acetic, propyonic, and butyric acids in sorghum and corn silage whether treated or not with two types of bacterial inoculants with only homo-lactic and hetero/homo-lactic strains in 20-L experimental silos. A 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two silages x three inoculants) was adopted in a complete random design whit three repetitions. An effect of the interaction silage versus inoculants was observed for all the studied variables. The acid lactic bacteria populations were recorded at 6.5 and 6.2 log cfu/g for the corn and sorghum plants, respectively, before ensilage. For the ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio, a lower value was observed for the sorghum silage treated whit homo-lactic strains, and a higher value of crude protein was also noted in this silage. Higher content of acetic acid was observed for the corn silage treated with hetero/homo-lactic inoculants. Regardless of the inoculants used, lower pH values were observed for the corn silage. Considering the evaluated traits, all the corn and sorghum silages can be rated as having good quality. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de matéria seca, a relação nitrogênio amoniacal/nitrogênio total, o pH, os teores de proteína bruta, as populações microbianas e as concentrações dos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico em silagens de milho e sorgo tratadas ou não com inoculantes bacterianos, contendo cepas homoláticas ou homo/heteroláticas. Foram utiliza- dos silos experimentais de 20 litros de capacidade, em um esquema fatorial 2 × 3 (dois tipos de silagem × três inoculantes), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Observou-se o efeito da interação silagem versus inoculante para todas as variáveis avaliadas. Constatou-se que o teor de matéria seca da silagem de milho não foi influenciado (P > 0,05) pelos inoculantes. No entanto, para a silagem de sorgo, verificou-se maior valor (P < 0,05) naquela tratada com cepas homoláticas. A relação N-NH3/N foi menor na silagem de sorgo tratada com inoculante homolático. Independentemente do inoculante usado, observou-se pH mais baixo na silagem de milho. Nas plantas de milho e sorgo, antes da ensilagem, foram registradas populações de bactérias láticas de 6,5 e 6,2 log ufc/g, enquanto nas silagens estas populações foram da ordem de log 7 e log 6, respectivamente. A contagem de fungos e leveduras foi maior na silagem de milho. Foi observado maior teor de ácido acético na silagem de milho tratada com inoculante heterolático. Considerando as características avaliadas, as silagens de milho e de sorgo, tratadas ou não com inoculantes bacterianos com cepas homoláticas ou homo/heteroláticas, podem ser consideradas de boa qualidade.