Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-22T15:58:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlfredoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 2022328 bytes, checksum: 2983ffa40c26116372d25ff1ff172621 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-28T00:26:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlfredoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 2022328 bytes, checksum: 2983ffa40c26116372d25ff1ff172621 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T00:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlfredoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 2022328 bytes, checksum: 2983ffa40c26116372d25ff1ff172621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Este trabalho avalia o desempenho de uma Esta??o de Tratamento de Esgotos na modalidade lodos ativados em batelada sequencial, localizada em regi?o de temperatura alta. Tamb?m apresenta a analise da degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica e a avalia??o das condi??es de sedimentabilidade do lodo, atrav?s de reatores em escala de bancada, alimentados com licor misto proveniente da ETE em estudo, com diferentes concentra??es de substrato e biomassa. Os resultados mostraram, a alta efici?ncia e estabilidade do processo de tratamento utilizando RSB para esgotos dom?sticos, mesmo com bruscas oscila??es de carga org?nica e hidr?ulicas. A an?lise dos reatores em bancada, com rela??es A/M pr?-definidas, apresentou o comportamento da sedimenta??o e da biodegradabilidade da mat?ria org?nica para essas concentra??es, situando a rela??o A/M nas condi??es de opera??o atual da ETE e a rela??o A/M ?tima (Concentra??o do Substrato por Concentra??o da Biomassa), cujo tempo de sedimenta??o e de biodegradabilidade da mat?ria org?nica obt?m a m?xima efici?ncia operacional. / This paper evaluate the performance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in sequential batch activated sludge modality with tertiary treatment step, located in high temperature region. It also presents the analysis of organic matter?s removal and the evaluation of sludge sedimentation conditions through reactors in bench scale, fed with different substrate?s and biomass? concentrations, from the WWTP in study. The results showed high efficiency and stability of the treatment process using Sequential Batch Reactors for domestic sewage, even with sudden changes of organic and hydraulic load, reaching more than 90% of efficiency in the removal of biodegradable organic matter. The removal of organic matter and sedimentation tests in bench reactors showed the good performance in respect of the organic matter?s removal, however, the high concentration of micro-organism results in a lower sludge sedimentation rate, which can compromise the quality of the final effluent. The relation Food/Microorganism in the conditions of the WWTP?s current operation showed a value of 0.06 gCOD/gVSS.d. and zonal sedimentation velocity of 0.59 m/h, the great ratio of the concentration of the substrate by biomass concentration, which obtained the maximum operational efficiency, showed a value of 0.09 gCOD/gVSS.d. and zonal sedimentation velocity of 1.4 m/h.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T19:34:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-10T22:26:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T22:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / O crescimento desordenado da capital potiguar ocorrido a partir da d?cada de 1970 ocasionou s?rios problemas ambientais urbanos. Nesse contexto de r?pido incremento populacional, a constitui??o do Lix?o de Cidade Nova ampliou a problem?tica socioambiental por via da emiss?o elevada de chorume no solo culminando na contamina??o do len?ol fre?tico, o que trouxe s?rios problemas para a qualidade do abastecimento h?drico da popula??o. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa busca analisar a rela??o entre a contamina??o gerada pela deposi??o dos res?duos s?lidos no Lix?o de Cidade Nova por mais de tr?s d?cadas e o prec?rio esgotamento sanit?rio implantado nos bairros de Felipe Camar?o, Planalto e Guarapes. Foi feito levantamento bibliogr?fico para a discuss?o sobre esta rela??o entre urbaniza??o, problem?tica socioambiental e contamina??o de ?guas subterr?neas. Al?m disso, foi feito tamb?m um levantamento sobre a estrutura f?sica da ?rea de estudo, assim como das legisla??es relativas ? tem?tica. Ainda no plano metodol?gico, foi feita pesquisa de campo nos po?os destinados ao abastecimento h?drico P1 e P5 no bairro de Felipe Camar?o e P2 no bairro do Planalto no per?odo de maio de 2014 a maio de 2015. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que h? contamina??o das ?guas destinadas ao abastecimento humano nos referidos bairros, e que esta adv?m da inadequada deposi??o de res?duos s?lidos no solo, assim como da aus?ncia de um adequado esgotamento sanit?rio. A pesquisa apresenta como conclus?o a constata??o de latente necessidade de pol?ticas p?blicas que atenuem tais problemas no contexto socioambiental da ?rea estudada. / The uncontrolled growth of Natal occurred at the 1970s caused serious urban environmental problems. In this context, the establishment of the ?Cidade Nova? trash dump has expanded social and environmental problems by the high emission of contaminant itens on the soil, resulting in contamination of the water table, which brought serious problems for the quality of the water supply. This research aims to relate the pollution caused by the deposition of solid waste in ?Cidade Nova? trash dump for more than three decades and the precarious sanitation deployed in the districts of Felipe Camar?o, Planalto and Guarapes, with the consequent contamination of the wells of respective districts for human consumption. For this purpose, the literature was researched to the discussion about the relationship between urbanization, environmental issues and contamination of groundwater. Furthermore, was made a research about the physical structure of the study area, even as about the laws on the subject. About the methodology, a massive fieldwork was done in the wells for the water supply P1 and P5 at the Felipe Camar?o district, and P2 at Planalto, from May/2014 to May/2015. The survey results show that there are contamination of the water intended for human consumption in those districts, and that this stems from the improper disposal of solid waste in the soil, beyond the absence of adequate sanitation, concluding that there are a latent need for public policies that mitigate such problems in the socio-environmental context of this area of study.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-02T01:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Jonatan_Onis_Pessoa.pdf: 4697484 bytes, checksum: ea38c6fd7eba2bd885530337c94efbff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T01:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Jonatan_Onis_Pessoa.pdf: 4697484 bytes, checksum: ea38c6fd7eba2bd885530337c94efbff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Sewage systems when properly operated can help to minimize of aquatic environments degradation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the river water quality in towns with and without sewage. Therefore, ten towns of Bahia State were selected, seven of them containing sewage and three devoid of such services. It was used secondary data from water river quality (INEMA ? Environmental Stare Agency), sewage (SNIS). Parameters analyzed were concentration of fecal coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and the Water Quality Index - IQA 14 points monitored in the period 2008 to 2015. Data were submitted the statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test. It was found that average AQI values ranged from 26 to 72. The four points monitored in towns without public sewage system presented classified waters as "good" while 40% of monitored points in cities with SES have waters classified as "regular 'or' bad '. Results suggest that the release of sewage into storm water systems and receiving bodies seems to be the main cause of low AQI values. Thus, there has been the weakness of the towns as the supervision of illegal sewage connections. Environmental education campaigns are recommended in order to reduce such practices and to improve water quality in rivers in these towns. / Os sistemas de esgotamento sanit?rio (SES), quando bem operados, s?o interven??es que podem contribuir para a minimiza??o da degrada??o de ambientes aqu?ticos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar a qualidade da ?gua de rios em cidades com sistema p?blico de esgotamento sanit?rio implantado. Para tanto, foram selecionadas dez cidades do Estado da Bahia, sendo sete delas contendo SES e tr?s sem tais servi?os. Utilizou-se o registro trimestral realizado pelo INEMA da concentra??o de coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio, f?sforo total, oxig?nio dissolvido e o ?ndice de Qualidade da ?gua - IQA de 14 pontos monitorados no per?odo compreendido entre 2008 a 2015. Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica, utilizando o teste de Kruskall-Wallis. Verificou-se que valores m?dios de IQA variaram entre 26 a 72. Os quatro pontos monitorados nas cidades sem sistema p?blico de esgotamento sanit?rio apresentaram ?guas classificadas como ?boa? ao passo que 40% dos pontos monitorados nas cidades com SES tiverem ?guas classificadas como ?regular? ou ?ruim?. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o lan?amento de esgotos nos sistemas de ?guas pluviais e nos corpos receptores parece ser a principal causa dos baixos valores de IQA. Dessa forma, constata-se a fragilidade das cidades quanto ? fiscaliza??o de liga??es irregulares de esgoto. Campanhas de educa??o ambiental s?o recomendadas visando a redu??o de tais pr?ticas e a melhoraria da qualidade da ?gua nos rios das cidades avaliadas.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The absence of treatment and improper disposal of effluents contribute to the deterioration of receiving water bodies. However, among the proposed alternatives for post-treatment of wastewater ponds are to lemnas. These lagoons are capable of capturing the nutrients sewage efficiently and reduce a large amount of suspended solids Also act by inhibiting algae, and generate biomass rich in protein, which has utilities such as animal feed and fertilizer. This research aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the treatment of domestic sewage pond lemnas in two phases, with different hydraulic retention time (HRT). This pond, in phase I, operated with influent volume of 75 liters/day and HDT of 5, 10 and 15 days, while phase II, the volume was increased to 140 liters/day TDH was decreased to 2.7, 5.4 and 8.0 days. The structure of the pond lemna had a volume of 1,125 m3 and surface area of 2.25 m2 (total depth of 0.6 m, 0.5 m water depth, length of 1.5 m and width 1.5 m). Therefore, during the two phases of this research the following parameters were monitored: the wastewater - temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (P), coliforms thermotolerant in macrophyte - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), biomass and crude protein (%). The treatment system performance as presented in polishing domestic wastewater, following the removal efficiency of organic and nutrient load: 80% (phase I) and 66% (phase II) for BOD5, 83% (phase I) and 34% (phase II) for P. The lemnas converts these nutrients into biomass rich in proteins with an average grade of CP% from 27.93%. The production of protein in lemnas throughout the experiment was: 355 g (LMN1), 367 g (LMN2) and 370 g (LMN3). Notably, the ability of the system to treat these waters was higher in phase I, which has the greatest TDH. The presence of algae genus Uronema was found, as well as the competition with these lemna study, but after the modifications aimed at mitigating the temperatures this competition was controlled. With this study, it was possible to evaluate the post-treatment of domestic wastewater, the limiting factors for this system and the biomass of Lemna valdiviana Phil., under the climatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Ba. Finally, we conclude that there is potential for nutrient recovery of these waters, as well as reuse of biomass produced as a possible source of animal feed and income. / A aus?ncia de tratamento e a disposi??o inadequada de efluentes dom?sticos contribuem para a deteriora??o de corpos receptores. Por?m, dentre as alternativas propostas para o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias est?o as lagoas de lemnas. Essas lagoas s?o capazes de captar nutrientes do esgoto com efici?ncia, bem como, reduzir uma grande quantidade de s?lidos em suspens?o. Tamb?m atuam na inibi??o de algas, e geram biomassa rica em prote?nas que tem utilidades como ra??o animal e adubo. Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade avaliar e comparar a efici?ncia do tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos da lagoa de lemnas, em duas fases distintas, e com diferentes tempos de deten??o hidr?ulica (TDH). Essa lagoa, na Fase I, operou com volume de afluente de 75 litros/dia e TDH de 5, 10 e 15 dias, enquanto que na Fase II, o volume foi aumentado para 140 L/d e TDH foi diminu?do para 2,7, 5,4 e 8,0 dias. A estrutura da lagoa de lemna apresentou um volume de 1125 m3 e ?rea superficial de 2,25 m2 (profundidade total de 0,6m, profundidade da ?gua 0,5 m, comprimento de 1,5 m e largura 1,5 m). Para tanto, durante as duas fases dessa pesquisa foram monitorados os seguintes par?metros: na ?gua residu?ria - temperatura, pH, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO5), oxig?nio dissolvido (OD), s?lidos suspensos totais (SST), f?sforo (P), coliformes termotolerantes; na macr?fita ? nitrog?nio (N), f?sforo (P), produ??o de biomassa e prote?na bruta (%). O sistema de tratamento apresentou como desempenho no polimento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, a seguinte efici?ncia de remo??o de carga org?nica e nutriente: 80% (Fase I) e 66% (Fase II) para DBO5; 83% (Fase I) e 34% (Fase II) para P. As lemnas converteram esses nutrientes em biomassa rica em prote?nas com teor m?dio de PB%, de 27,93%. A produ??o de prote?na em lemnas durante todo o experimento foi de: 355g (LMN1), 367g (LMN2) e 370g (LMN3). Notadamente, a capacidade do sistema em tratar essas ?guas foi maior na Fase I, com maior TDH. A presen?a de algas do g?nero Uronema foi constatada, bem como a competi??o dessas com a lemna em estudo, mas ap?s as modifica??es que visaram amenizar as temperaturas essa competi??o foi controlada. Com a realiza??o deste estudo, foi poss?vel avaliar o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, os fatores limitantes para esse sistema e a produ??o de biomassa de Lemna valdiviana Phil., sob as condi??es clim?ticas de Feira de Santana, Ba. Enfim ? poss?vel concluir que, h? potencial de recupera??o de nutrientes dessas ?guas, assim como de reaproveitamento da biomassa produzida, como poss?vel fonte de alimenta??o animal e de renda.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClovisDF_TESE_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 2764652 bytes, checksum: e400922c312c00169022c2f987a6d8b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-13 / The development of oil wells drilling requires additional cares mainly if the drilling is in offshore ultra deep water with low overburden pressure gradients which cause low fracture gradients and, consequently, difficult the well drilling by the reduction of the operational window. To minimize, in the well planning phases, the difficulties faced by the drilling in those sceneries, indirect models are used to estimate fracture gradient that foresees approximate values for leakoff tests. These models generate curves of geopressures that allow detailed analysis of the pressure behavior for the whole well. Most of these models are based on the Terzaghi equation, just differentiating in the determination of the values of rock tension coefficient. This work proposes an alternative method for prediction of fracture pressure gradient based on a geometric correlation that relates the pressure gradients proportionally for a given depth and extrapolates it for the whole well depth, meaning that theses parameters vary in a fixed proportion. The model is based on the application of analytical proportion segments corresponding to the differential pressure related to the rock tension. The study shows that the proposed analytical proportion segments reaches values of fracture gradient with good agreement with those available for leakoff tests in the field area. The obtained results were compared with twelve different indirect models for fracture pressure gradient prediction based on the compacting effect. For this, a software was developed using Matlab language. The comparison was also made varying the water depth from zero (onshore wellbores) to 1500 meters. The leakoff tests are also used to compare the different methods including the one proposed in this work. The presented work gives good results for error analysis compared to other methods and, due to its simplicity, justify its possible application / O desenvolvimento da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo requer cuidados adicionais principalmente se a perfura??o for mar?tima em l?mina d ?gua ultraprofunda, o que levam a baixos gradientes de sobrecarga, ocasionando baixos gradientes de fratura e, conseq?entemente, dificultando as opera??es de perfura??o pela redu??o da janela operacional. Para minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pela perfura??o nesses cen?rios, na fase de planejamento, s?o utilizados modelos indiretos para estimativa do gradiente de fratura, que podem prev? valores aproximados dos testes de absor??o. Esses modelos geram perfis de geopress?o que permitem a an?lise detalhada do comportamento das press?es em todo o intervalo do po?o. A maioria dos modelos tem como base a equa??o de Terzaghi, diferenciando apenas na determina??o dos valores do coeficiente de tens?o da matriz da rocha. Este trabalho prop?e uma forma alternativa diferente, para se estimar o gradiente de fratura, por meio de uma correla??o geom?trica que relaciona proporcionalmente os gradientes de press?o para cada profundidade em todo o intervalo do po?o. As grandezas envolvidas variam em uma mesma propor??o em todo intervalo do po?o. O modelo baseia-se na aplica??o da propor??o ?urea do segmento sobre o diferencial de press?o correspondente ? tens?o da matriz. O estudo mostra que a propor??o ?urea encontra valores de gradiente de fratura com grande aproxima??o dos valores de testes de absor??o dispon?veis da ?rea. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com doze modelos indiretos distintos que estimam gradiente de fratura baseados no efeito da compacta??o. Para isto, um programa em linguagem Matlab foi desenvolvido. A compara??o tamb?m foi feita com a varia??o de l?minas d ?gua variando de zero (para po?os terrestres, por exemplo) a 1500 m. A medida da precis?o para avalia??o de cada m?todo toma como referencial os valores de testes de absor??o e ? feita atrav?s do erro relativo percentual. A precis?o mostrada nos valores apresentados na an?lise de erro e a forma bastante simples do modelo proposto mostram que ? justific?vel a sua aplica??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucilaCME.pdf: 777399 bytes, checksum: 0872bb60e8e228e6574e4fe1b87a20f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Pitimbu River is located at the oriental portion of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, including three importants cities named Maca?ba, Parnamirim e Natal. Although its high importance as a water source, which supplys great part of the South Zone of the Natal city, this river receives a large quantity of domestic and industrial waste water without treatment. The Pitimbu River headhas its river-head located in the city of Macaiba, goes through Parnamirim, then it flowing into at the Jiqui Lake in Natal. The aim of this study was to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the environmental quality of the Pitimbu River by genotoxicity bio-assays, which are important tools for genetics toxicological evaluation. In this work, five samples sites, distributed along the river, were used to collect water samples. Another point site, located near Jiqui lake, was used to collect drinkable water, which was treated by CAERN, the water treatment entreprise of Rio Grande do Norte. The following assays where used to evaluate the quality of these samples: Allium cepa assay; Comet assay; Micronuclei (MN) assay; and Ames test. For the Allium cepa assay, sixteen specimes where used for each water sample from the sample sites. In this assay both microscopic, like cytogenetic damage, and macroscopic aspects, as morphological variation were evaluated. Red blood cells from periferical blood of the Crenicichla menezesi native specie were used not only for the MN assay, but also for the Comet assay. These fishes were collected at different points on the Pitimbu River and the negative control was developed using fishes of the same species that were bring to the laboratory and maintained for 100 days in the optimal experimental conditions. For the Ames test, TA100, YG1042, TA98 and YG1041 strains were used in the directed method without metabolic activation. The results found by the Allium cepa assay showed that two water sample sites induced increase of mitotic index (IM). Additionally, compared to the control, all the water samples increased the chromossomal aberrations frequency and/or micronucleus. Among the sample sites, two also showed an abnormal growth rate in its root and two samples induced morphological alteration. With the MN test in red blood cells, a high frequence of MN was observed in tree sample. By comparing all the results obtained on the water sample points and with the negative control, a significant variation on the MN frequency was observed. Positive results were also observed for the same sample to water test by the Comet assay. These results allow concluding that the proposed specie Crenicichla menezesi has a good profile as a bio-indicator for the evaluation of environmental water quality and the MN and comet test can be usuful for in situ evaluation. By the Ames test, it was possible to detect the mutagenic activity on the waters from the Pitimbu River in different levels of mutagenicity. This result suggests that this river has several substances that induced changes directly to the DNA. The mechanisms involved to this phenomenon could be by both processes, by changing of the reading frame and by nucleotide substitution. These data set indicate the presence of mutagenic agents, which can represent in risk to biot and human beens / O rio Pitimbu localiza-se no litoral oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, mais precisamente na grande Natal, nos munic?pios de Maca?ba, Parnamirim e Natal. Embora se trate de um importante manancial, abastecendo parte da zona sul da capital do Estado, suas ?guas t?m sido alvo de dejetos industriais e dom?sticos, os quais n?o recebem tratamento adequado. O rio Pitimbu tem sua nascente situada no munic?pio de Maca?ba e des?gua na lagoa do Jiqu?, e parte em dire??o a praia de Pirangi, lan?ando suas ?guas no mar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar quantitativamente e qualitativamente a qualidade das ?guas do rio Pitimb?, atrav?s de bioensaios de genotoxicidade que s?o ferramentas de grande import?ncia nos estudos de gen?tica toxicol?gica. Neste trabalho foram coletadas amostras de ?gua de cinco pontos distribu?dos ao longo do rio e amostras da ?gua da lagoa do Jiqui ap?s tratamento feito pela CAERN (Companhia de ?guas e Esgotos do Rio Grande do Norte). Essas amostras foram analisadas atrav?s dos seguintes ensaios: teste de Allium cepa; o ensaio Cometa; o teste de Micron?cleo (MN); e o teste de Ames. Para realiza??o do teste em Allium cepa foram utilizados 16 indiv?duos para cada amostra testada, foram feitas an?lises dos aspectos microsc?picos (danos citogen?ticos) e macrosc?picos (varia??es morfol?gicas). Eritr?citos de sangue perif?rico da esp?cie nativa Crenicichla menezesi, foram utilizados tanto para execu??o do teste de MN como para o ensaio Cometa, os exemplares desta esp?cie foram coletados em diferentes pontos do rio Pitimbu e o controle negativo foi realizado com peixes da mesma esp?cie que foram trazidos para o laborat?rio e mantidos por 100 dias em condi??es ideais. Para execu??o do teste de Ames foram utilizadas as linhagens TA100, YG1042, TA98 e YG1041, sem ativa??o metab?lica, o qual foi realizado pelo m?todo direto. Os resultados obtidos no teste de Alium cepa monstraram que dois pontos de coleta de ?gua induziram altera??es no ?ndice mit?tico (?ndice de prolifera??o celular); al?m disso, todas as amostras de ?gua do rio induziram aumento na freq??ncia de aberra??es cromoss?micas e/ou de MN, em rela??o ao grupo controle. Dois dos pontos de coleta tamb?m apresentaram altera??o no crescimento da raiz e dois pontos produziram modifica??es morfol?gicas. Com o teste MN em eritr?citos uma alta freq??ncia de MN foi observada para tr?s amostras coletadas. Resultados positivos nas mesmas amostras teste tamb?m foram obtidos com o ensaio cometa. Estes resultados sugerem que a esp?cie Crenicichla menezesi pode ser considerado como um bom bioindicador para an?lise de qualidade ambiental e que os testes de MN e cometa s?o vi?veis para an?lise in situ. No teste de Ames, foi poss?vel detectar a presen?a de atividade mutag?nica nas ?guas do rio Pitimbu em diferentes n?veis de mutagenicidade, sugerindo a presen?a de compostos que agem de forma direta no DNA tanto por mudan?a do quadro de leitura quanto por substitui??o de pares de bases. Em conjunto os dados indicam a presen?a de agentes mutag?nicos, o que pode representar risco para a biota e os seres humanos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioAL_DISSERT.pdf: 3109230 bytes, checksum: c3a4e73bfea10d6796f79168cb83b21d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Every day, water scarcity becomes a more serious problem and, directly affects global society. Studies are directed in order to raise awareness of the rational use of this natural asset that is essential to our survival. Only 0.007% of the water available in the world have easy access and can be consumed by humans, it can be found in rivers, lakes, etc... To better take advantage of the water used in homes and small businesses, reuse projects are often implemented, resulting in savings for customers of water utilities. The reuse projects involve several areas of engineering, like Environmental, Chemical, Electrical and Computer Engineering. The last two are responsible for the control of the process, which aims to make gray water (soapy water), and clear blue water (rain water), ideal for consumption, or for use in watering gardens, flushing, among others applications. Water has several features that should be taken into consideration when it comes to working its reuse. Some of the features are, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity and, pH. In this document there is a proposal to control the pH (potential Hydrogen) through a microcontroller, using the fuzzy logic as strategy of control. The controller was developed in the fuzzy toolbox of Matlab? / A cada dia a escassez de ?gua se torna um problema mais grave e que atinge diretamente a sociedade mundial. Estudos s?o dirigidos no intuito de conscientizar a popula??o do uso racional desse bem natural que ? imprescind?vel ? sobreviv?ncia. Somente 0,007% das ?guas dispon?veis no globo apresentam acesso f?cil e podem ser consumidas por seres humanos, sendo encontradas em rios, lagos, etc. Para melhor proveito das ?guas utilizadas em resid?ncias e pequenos estabelecimentos, projetos de reuso s?o muitas vezes implementados, implicando, em economia para os clientes das concession?rias de ?gua. Os projetos de reuso envolvem as mais diversas ?reas da engenharia, podendo ser citadas a Engenharia Ambiental, Engenharia Qu?mica e tamb?m a Engenharia El?trica e de Computa??o, essas ?ltimas, respons?veis pelo controle dos processos, que tem por objetivo tornar a ?gua cinza, ou seja, ?guas com sab?o e ?guas azuis, mais conhecidas como ?guas de chuva, ideais para o consumo, ou apenas para utiliza??o em regas de jardins, descargas sanit?rias, entre outros. A ?gua possui v?rias caracter?sticas que devem ser levadas em considera??o, em se tratando do seu reuso. Algumas delas s?o, turbidez, temperatura, condutividade el?trica, pH. Nesse documento ? feita uma proposta de controle de pH (potencial hidrogeni?nico), atrav?s de microcontrolador, utilizando-se como estrat?gia de controle a l?gica fuzzy. O controlador foi desenvolvido no toolbox fuzzy do software Matlab?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:24:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneECC_ DISSERT.pdf: 2698777 bytes, checksum: 9b627390b9da35e3c01dffa3f5bb4993 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-22 / The deficit of water and sewerage services is a historic problem in Brazil. The introduction of a new regulatory framework, in 2007, presented ways intending to overcome these deficits, among them, the providers efficiency improvement. This thesis aims to analyze the regulators performance regarding its ability to induce the efficiency of the Brazilian water and sewerage services providers. To this end, an analytical approach based on a sequential explanatory strategy was used, and it consists of three steps. In the first step, the Data Envelopment Analysis ( DEA ) was used to measure the providers efficiency in 2006 and 2011. The results show that the average efficiency may be considered high; however significant inefficiencies among the 29 analyzed providers were detected. The ones in the Southeast region showed better performance level and Northeast had the lowest. The local and the private providers were more efficient on average. In 2006 and 2011 the average performance was higher among non-regulated providers. In 2006 the group regulated by local agencies had the best average performance, in 2011, the best performance was the group regulated by the consortium agencies. To analyse the second step was used the Malmquist Index, it pointed that the productivity between 2006 and 2011 dropped. The analysis through decomposing Malmquist Index showed a shift of technical efficiency frontier to a lower level, however was detected a small provider s advance towards the frontier. Only the Midwest region recorded progress in overall productivity. The deterioration in the total factor productivity was higher among regional providers but the local ones and the private agencies moved quickly to the frontier level. The providers regulated from 2007 showed less decrease on the total productivity and the results of the catch up effect were more meaningful. In the last step, the regulators standardization activity analyses noted that there are agencies that had not issued rules until 2011. The most standards topics discussed in the issued rules were the tariff adjustments and the setting of general conditions for the provision and use of services; in another hand, the least covered topics were new technologies incentive and the introduction of efficiency-inducing regulatory mechanisms and productivity gains for price reviews. Regulators created from 2007 were more active proportionately. Even with the advent of the regulatory framework and the creation of new regulatory bodies, the evidence points to a reality in which the actions of these agencies have not been ensuring that providers of water and sewage, regulated by them, has achieved better performance. The non- achievement of regulatory goals can be explained by the incipient level of performance of the Brazilian regulatory authorities, which should be strengthened because of its potential contribution to the Brazilian basic sanitation department / O d?ficit de servi?os de ?gua e esgotos ? um problema hist?rico no Brasil. A institui??o de um novo marco regulat?rio, em 2007, apresentou caminhos para que o d?ficit fosse superado, entre eles, a melhora da efici?ncia dos prestadores de servi?os. Esta disserta??o busca analisar a atua??o das entidades reguladoras no que se refere ? indu??o da efici?ncia dos prestadores de servi?os de abastecimento de ?gua e esgotamento sanit?rio no Brasil. Para tanto, foi utilizado um enfoque anal?tico baseado em uma estrat?gia explanat?ria sequencial, composta por tr?s etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi utilizada a An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados (DEA) para avaliar a efici?ncia dos prestadores nos anos de 2006 e 2011. Os resultados obtidos indicam m?dias de efici?ncia que podem ser consideradas elevadas, no entanto foram detectadas inefici?ncias relevantes entre os 29 prestadores analisados. Os prestadores da regi?o Sudeste apresentaram melhor desempenho e a regi?o Nordeste teve o desempenho mais baixo. Os prestadores de abrang?ncia local e propriedade privada foram mais eficientes na m?dia. Em 2006 e 2011 o desempenho m?dio foi maior entre os prestadores n?o regulados. Em 2006 o grupo de prestadores regulados por entidades municipais apresentou melhor desempenho m?dio, j? em 2011, o melhor desempenho foi do grupo regulado por entidades consorciadas. A an?lise realizada na segunda etapa, por meio do ?ndice de Malmquist, apontou queda de produtividade entre 2006 e 2011. A an?lise decomposta do ?ndice indicou um deslocamento da fronteira t?cnica de efici?ncia para um n?vel inferior, no entanto foi verificado um pequeno avan?o dos prestadores em dire??o ? fronteira. Apenas a regi?o Centro-Oeste registrou avan?o na produtividade total. A queda de produtividade foi maior entre os prestadores de abrang?ncia regional e os prestadores com abrang?ncia local e propriedade privada se moveram mais rapidamente para a fronteira. Os prestadores regulados a partir de 2007 apresentaram menor queda na produtividade total e melhoria pura de efici?ncia mais significativa. Na ?ltima etapa, a an?lise da atividade de normatiza??o das entidades reguladoras constatou a exist?ncia de entidades que n?o editaram normas at? 2011. Os temas mais abordados nas normas foram a autoriza??o de reajustes tarif?rios e o estabelecimento de condi??es gerais da presta??o e utiliza??o dos servi?os, j? os temas menos abordados foram o incentivo ao uso de novas tecnologias e a defini??o de metodologia de revis?o tarif?ria com mecanismo de indu??o da efici?ncia e ganhos de produtividade. As entidades reguladoras criadas a partir de 2007 foram proporcionalmente mais atuantes. Mesmo com o advento do marco regulat?rio e com a cria??o de novas entidades reguladoras, as evid?ncias apontam para uma realidade na qual a atua??o dessas entidades n?o tem sido garantia de que os prestadores de ?gua e esgotos, por elas regulados, alcancem melhor desempenho. O n?o alcance dos objetivos regulat?rios pode ser explicado pelo n?vel ainda incipiente da atua??o das entidades reguladoras brasileiras, que devem ser fortalecidas diante do seu potencial de contribui??o para o setor de saneamento b?sico no Brasil

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-03T12:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdilsonDoValeJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 1539679 bytes, checksum: 4a56d1012ec29d3c011274d08b737e16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-06T14:12:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdilsonDoValeJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 1539679 bytes, checksum: 4a56d1012ec29d3c011274d08b737e16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T14:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdilsonDoValeJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 1539679 bytes, checksum: 4a56d1012ec29d3c011274d08b737e16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A oxida??o an?dica ? um tipo de processo eletroqu?mico oxidativo avan?ado, no qual possibilita a degrada??o e mineraliza??o de compostos org?nicos. Essa mineraliza??o ocorre preferencialmente de duas formas. A primeira acontece devido a transfer?ncia de carga diretamente na superf?cie do ?nodo e a segunda ocorre atrav?s de uma oxida??o indireta mediante a gera??o de esp?cies fortemente oxidantes, as quais podem ser fisicamente adsorvidas na forma de radicais hidroxila (?OH), ou quimicamente adsorvidas, na superf?cie do eletrodo. Uma maior taxa de tratamento ? obtida quando os radicais est?o fisicamente adsorvidos, as rea??es que possibilitam a degrada??o do substrato org?nico de interesse. Na literatura, dois materiais catal?ticos se destacam para a degrada??o e mineraliza??o de compostos org?nicos, s?o eles os eletrodos de diamante dopado com boro (DDB) e platina (Pt). Por?m ambos apresentam algumas limita??es que inviabilizam o so da tecnologia eletroqu?mica em escala industrial. Logo, v?rios pesquisadores t?m dedicado grandes esfor?os para identificar materiais eletr?dicos mais acess?veis como uma alternativa para reduzir o investimento inicial e os custos operacionais. Este ? o caso de ?nodos dimensionais est?veis e outros ?nodos met?licos. Neste contexto, ligas baseadas em estanho foram consideradas como uma alternativa interessante, utilizando-as como ?nodos, para o processo de oxida??o an?dica. Portanto, neste trabalho, um ?nodo formado por uma liga de Sn-Cu Sb (Babbitt) foi sintetizado a partir da tecnologia de aspers?o t?rmica a frio para avaliar a sua potencial aplica??o para tratamentos eletroqu?micos, como um novo material ?nodico m?dico e est?vel. As propriedades eletrocatal?ticas do ?nodo sintetizado foram testadas na redu??o da descolora??o e da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO) do corante az?ico Azul ?cido 29. Al?m disso, a evolu??o de esp?cies inorg?nicas nitrogenadas e ?cidos carbox?licos gerados pela quebra da mol?cula pela oxida??o foi avaliada por meio de an?lise por HPLC. / Anodic oxidation is a type of advanced oxidative electrochemical process, in which it allows the degradation and mineralization of organic compounds. This mineralization occurs preferably in two ways. The first occurs due to the transfer of charge directly on the surface of the anode and the second occurs through indirect oxidation through the generation of strongly oxidizing species, which can be physically adsorbed in the form of hydroxyl (OH) radicals or chemically adsorbed, On the surface of the electrode. A higher rate of treatment is obtained when the radicals are physically adsorbed, the reactions that allow the degradation of the organic substrate of interest. In the literature, two catalytic materials stand out for the degradation and mineralization of organic compounds, such as boron doped diamond (DDB) and platinum (Pt) electrodes. But both have some limitations that prevent so the electrochemical technology on an industrial scale. Therefore, many researchers have devoted great efforts to identify more affordable electrodic materials as an alternative to reduce the initial investment and operating costs. This is the case of dimensional stable anodes and other metal anodes. In this context, tin-based alloys were considered as an interesting alternative, using them as anodes, for the anodic oxidation process. Therefore, in this work, an anode formed by a Sn-Cu Sb alloy (Babbitt) was synthesized from the cold gas spray technology to evaluate its potential application for electrochemical treatments, such as a new cheap and stable anode material. The electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized anode were tested to reduce the decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of azido blue Acid 29. Moreover, the evolution of nitrogenous inorganic species and carboxylic acids generated by the breakdown of the molecule by oxidation was evaluated by means of HPLC analysis.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T17:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 4569845 bytes, checksum: 7094dfceaf6e8a3bbea8b0f8a3ddd4ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T17:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 4569845 bytes, checksum: 7094dfceaf6e8a3bbea8b0f8a3ddd4ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas - PUC - Campinas / The recent water crisis experienced in southeastern Brazil has been analyzed by several sectors. However, scarcity has been warned for at least four decades by numerous environmental researchers and agencies, whose projections point to climatic extremes, rising temperatures, diseases, scarcity, among other global environmental problems, which have increased especially after the decade of 1950 due to anthropic activities. This research seeks to understand the roots of this crisis that has political, climatic and anthropic origins. For this, we use theoretical revision, documentary survey and field research with the objective of understanding conceptual and factual aspects, as well as apprehending the local reality. We investigated the relationship between the drought and the main environmental problems observed today in Brazilian cities: deforestation, pollution, occupation of environmentally sensitive areas, etc., due to the pressure on natural ecosystems. We review the environmental public policies adopted in the city of Campinas during the period of scarcity, in order to observe the cohesion and contradictions of the measures to manage this event. We also carried out field research with residents of the Anhumas and Capivari river basins, which demonstrated the environmental injustice to which certain social minorities are subject and the logic through which several marginalized social groups bear the socio-environmental liabilities of such development. With this, we seek to contribute to the debate about municipal environmental management by problematizing the strategies adopted by the local water resources policy. / La r?cente crise de l'eau connue dans le sudest du Br?sil a ?t? analys?e par plusieurs secteurs. Cependant, la p?nurie a ?t? annonc?e depuis au moins quatre d?cennies par de nombreux chercheurs et agences de l'environnement, dont les projections indiquent des extr?mes climatiques, la hausse des temp?ratures, des maladies, de la p?nurie, parmi d'autres probl?mes environnementaux mondiaux, qui ont augment? surtout apr?s la d?cennie de 1950 en raison d'activit?s anthropiques. Cette recherche vise ? comprendre les racines de cette crise qui a des origines politiques, climatiques et anthropiques. Pour cela, nous utilisons une r?vision th?orique et documentaire et une recherche sur le terrain dans le but de comprendre les aspects conceptuels et factuels, ainsi que d'appr?hender la r?alit? locale. Nous avons ?tudi? la relation entre la s?cheresse et les principaux probl?mes environnementaux observ?s aujourd'hui dans les villes br?siliennes: la d?forestation, la pollution, l'occupation de zones naturelles sensibles etc., en raison de la pression sur les ?cosyst?mes naturels. Nous examinons les politiques publiques environnementales adopt?es dans la ville de Campinas pendant la p?riode de p?nurie de l?eau, afin d'observer la coh?sion et les contradictions des mesures pour g?rer cet ?v?nement. Nous avons ?galement effectu? de recherche sur le terrain avec des r?sidents des bassins des rivi?res Anhumas et Capivari qui ont d?montr? l'injustice environnementale ? laquelle certaines minorit?s sociales sont soumises et la logique par laquelle plusieurs groupes sociaux marginalis?s subissent les consequences sociales et environnementales d'un tel d?veloppement. Avec cela, nous cherchons ? contribuer au d?bat sur la gestion environnementale municipale en probl?matisant les strat?gies adopt?es par la politique locale des ressources de l?eau. / A recente crise h?drica vivenciada no sudeste brasileiro tem sido analisada por diversos setores. No entanto, a escassez ? alertada h? pelo menos quatro d?cadas por in?meros pesquisadores e ?rg?os ambientais, cujas proje??es apontam para extremos clim?ticos, aumento de temperatura, doen?as, escassez, entre outros problemas ambientais de ordem global, os quais t?m aumentado principalmente ap?s a d?cada de 1950 em fun??o de atividades antr?picas. Esta pesquisa busca compreender as ra?zes desta crise que tem origens pol?ticas, clim?ticas e antr?picas. Para tal, utilizamos revis?o te?rica, levantamento documental e pesquisa de campo com o objetivo de compreender aspectos conceituais e factuais, bem como apreender a realidade local. Investigamos a liga??o da seca vivenciada com os principais problemas ambientais observados hoje nas cidades brasileiras: desmatamento, polui??o, ocupa??o de ?reas ambientalmente sens?veis etc., fruto da press?o sobre os ecossistemas naturais. Revisamos as pol?ticas p?blicas ambientais adotadas na cidade de Campinas durante o per?odo de escassez, de modo a observar a coes?o e as contradi??es das medidas para gest?o deste evento. Realizamos ainda uma pesquisa de campo com os moradores das bacias hidrogr?ficas do ribeir?o Anhumas e do rio Capivari que demonstrou a injusti?a ambiental ? qual determinadas minorias sociais est?o sujeitas e a l?gica atrav?s da qual diversos grupos sociais marginalizados arcam com o passivo socioambiental de um dito desenvolvimento. Com isto, buscamos contribuir para o debate acerca da gest?o ambiental municipal problematizando as estrat?gias adotadas pela pol?tica local de recursos h?dricos.