Given the growing interest in fiction writing in Australia, seen in the rise in the number of festivals, writers' centres, how-to books, biographies and creative writing classes, it is surprising that very little research has been done within Australia on the nature of literary creativity itself. A review of international literature on creativity from areas such as the arts, history, psychology, sociology, cultural studies, business and education shows movement away from traditional and conventional ideas of creativity that focus primarily on the individual, towards more contextual approaches that reconceptualise creativity as the result of a dynamic system at work. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's tripartite model of creativity, which includes a field of experts, a domain of knowledge and an individual author, has been successfully applied to the arts and sciences in North America. It is argued that the systems model is also relevant to Australian fiction writing, a term which is used here to include novels in literature, popular fiction and genre fiction categories. This thesis is primarily based on in-depth interviews with 40 published Australian fiction writers. With over 400 publications between them, the individual writers interviewed represent a broad cross section of Australian fiction categories at both the national and international level. In addition to literary writers like Carmel Bird and Venero Armanno, this sample also incorporates writers in other genres such as Di Morrissey and Nick Earls (popular fiction), Paul Collins (science fiction and fantasy), Anna Jacobs (romance), Peter Doyle (crime) and Libby Gleeson and Gary Crew (children's and young adult fiction). Although the individual writers possess unique combinations of characteristics, biographies and processes, their collective responses demonstrate common participation in systemic processes of creativity. By analysing these responses in terms of Csikszentmihalyi's systems model, this thesis presents evidence that demonstrates a system of creativity at work in Australian fiction. The analysis of the collected data provides evidence, firstly, of how writers adopt and master the domain skills and knowledge needed to be able to write fiction through processes of socialisation and enculturation. Secondly, it is also the contention of this thesis that the individual's ability to contribute to the domain depends not only on traditional biological, personality and motivational influences but also socially and culturally mediated work practices and processes. Finally, it is asserted that the contribution of a field of experts is also crucial to creativity occurring in Australian fiction writing. This social organisation, comprised of all those who can affect the domain, is important not only for its influence on and acceptance of written works but also for the continuation of the system itself. The evidence shows that the field supports further writing as well as writing careers with many authors becoming members of the field themselves. In sum, the research demonstrates that, rather than being solely the property of individual authors, creativity in Australian fiction writing results from individuals making choices and acting within the boundaries of specific social and cultural contexts.

<p>Upper secondary school contains of several different programs, for some of them workplace training, APU, is a part. The Industry programme is one of those. The education within a programme where workplace training is a part works out differently. The workplace training part of the education is a collaboration between school and different working sites. The aim of this study is to illuminate one kind of education model from different perspectives.</p><p>The workplace training part of this model starts from term four and takes place two days every week, the other three days of the week used for education in school. The questions at issue for this study are in what meaning can workplace training affect the results of the programme goals? And how is the education interpreted, valued and described by different participants? The study contains of sex interviewees. In the study are six persons from three different categories; cooperative companies, teachers teaching core subjects and pupils. The results from the study show how important the cooperative companies think that communication and the possibility to be able to have influence in the education model are. They look at themselves not only as a company that provides trainee possibilities. They also consider the lifeexperience that the pupils get through the combination of education in school combined with workplaced training affect their efforts of reaching the programme goal positively. The education model is seen with positive eyes both from the cooperative companies and the pupils, while the results from the coresubject teachers interviews not are quit as distinct.</p>

Characterization of the determinants of economically important phenotypes showing complex inheritance should lead to more effective use of genetic resources. This study was conducted to determine the number, genome location and effects of QTLs determining malting quality and agronomic traits in the two North American barley quality standards. Using a doubled haploid population of 140 lines from the cross of Harrington x Morex, agronomic phenotype and malting quality data sets from nine and eight environments, respectively, and a 107-marker linkage map, QTL analyses were performed using simple interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping procedures. Thirty five QTLs were associated either across environments or in individual environments, with five grain and agronomic traits (yield, kernel plumpness, test weight, heading date and plant height). Thirteen QTLs were associated with five malting quality traits (grain protein percentage, soluble/total protein ratio, ��-amylase activity, diastatic power and malt extract percentage). QTLs for multiple traits were coincident. The loci controlling inflorescence type [vrsl on chromosome 2 (2H) and int-c on chromosome 4 (4H)] were coincident with QTLs affecting all traits except heading date and malt extract percentage. The largest effect QTLs -for yield, kernel plumpness test weight, plant height grain protein percentage, S/T ratio, and diastatic power- were coincident with the vrsl locus. QTL analyses were conducted separately for each sub-population (six-rowed and two-rowed). Ten new QTLs were detected in the sub-populations. There were significant interactions between the vrsl and int-c loci for plant height, grain protein percentage, and SIT protein ratio. Positive transgressive segregants were found for all agronomic traits. They were more prevalent in the six-rowed sub-population, indicating that more favorable alleles were fixed in the two-rowed parent. Results suggest that this mating of two parents representing different germplasm groups caused a disruption in the balance of traits involved in malting quality, which resulted in no progeny carrying all favorable alleles and therefore surpassing the quality of either parent. This study describes some of the genetic determinants of agronomic and malting quality traits in a two-rowed x six-rowed cross and it is a first step toward the further characterization and manipulation of these determinants. / Graduation date: 2001

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated higher ACL injury rates in female athletes when compared to males involved in the same sport. A recent meta-analysis of ACL injury prevention programs found that technique training was a common component of programs that were successful in reducing ACL injury. Purpose: The primary purpose was to determine the immediate and long-term effects of technique training aimed at minimizing medial knee displacement during jump-landings in female recreational athletes. The secondary purpose was to determine if any transfer of skill occurred as a result of our technique training. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 26 participants who presented with medial knee displacement during a basketball rebound screening task completed the study protocol. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and control groups, 13 each). The experimental groups received jump landing instructions aimed at minimizing medial knee displacement. The control group received "sham" training consisting of jump training for maximum height. Baseline motion analyses of participants performing a basketball rebound task were performed prior to participants receiving technique training. Immediate and delayed retentions tests were performed after the initial instructional session and after home-based training. Additionally, motion analyses were also performed on a stop-jump task during the baseline assessment and the delayed retention test to help in determining if any transfer occurred. Results: The initial instructional session resulted in increased knee excursion and reduced peak knee adduction moments in the experimental group. Following home-based training, the experimental group continued to exhibit increased knee excursion along with decreased landing forces. No evidence of transfer was present following the initial training session or after home-based training. Conclusion: Our jump training instructions led to temporary changes, most notably increased knee excursion about the sagittal plane. No transfer of skill occurred as a result of our training. Clinical Relevance: Technique training instructions aimed at reducing medial knee displacement resulted in increased sagittal plane motion, but were unable to minimize medial knee displacement. ACL injury prevention programs may need to include a variety of drills, tasks, and sport-specific movements.

No description available.

The presence of dispersive fading and inter-carrier interference (ICI) constitute the major impediment to reliable communications in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Recently iterative (``Turbo'') processing techniques, which have been successfully applied to many detection/decoding problems, have received considerable attention. In this thesis, we first aim on the design of iterative receiver for single antenna OFDM system with frequency offset and dispersive fading. Further work is then extended to space-time block coded (STBC) OFDM system. At last, the technique is applied to STBC-OFDM system through a newly built channel model, which is based on a physical description of the propagation environment. The performance of such systems are verified by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the iterative techniques work well in OFDM systems.

Graduation date: 1993

Ce mémoire porte sur la transposition et l'application de la Théorie des Intelligences Multiples (lM) de Howard Gardner, à la classe technique de Ballet. Plus particulièrement, l'étude avait pour buts de concevoir, décrire et illustrer des stratégies visant à stimuler et développer, chacune des intelligences décrites par Gardner (1983), dans la classe technique de ballet. Ce travail découle d'un désir de renouveler la pratique pédagogique de la classe traditionnelle de ballet. La méthodologie a suivi les étapes suivantes: 1) Un examen de la littérature portant sur chaque intelligence selon les angles de leurs identité et caractéristiques: 2) De cet examen a découlé une grille d'analyse appliquée à quatre sources d'informations: a) observation de classes technique de ballet, b) littérature portant sur l'enseignement de la danse et de l'éducation physique, c) mes expériences professionnelles en tant qu'élève, professeur et interprète et d) littérature portant sur les stratégies susceptibles de stimuler les intelligences en contexte académique: 3) L'ensemble de ces informations a été synthétisé dans une discussion théorique du quand et comment chacune des intelligences sont sollicitées en classe technique de ballet: 4) Soixante-cinq stratégies d'enseignement ont été décrites et illustrées, sur la base de la discussion théorique. Ce mémoire conclut qu'en examinant la classe de ballet à travers la lentille de la théorie des lM, un éventail de possibilités d'innovation pédagogique émerge. En diversifiant leurs stratégies pédagogiques, les enseignants peuvent offrir à leurs élèves un enseignement personnalisé. Les élèves sont susceptibles de découvrir et développer leur plein potentiel dans la classe de ballet. Cette façon d'enseigner peut créer un apprentissage approfondi et de longue durée, développer les compétences intellectuelles autant que transversales, tout en créant des liens entre la classe de ballet avec d'autres domaines. Ces retombées sont aussi celles des modèles d'apprentissage constructiviste et de la "critical pedagogical theory", qui mettent l'accent sur des perspectives variées, des activités authentiques et un environnement d'apprentissage reflétant la vie réelle (Fosnot 1996; Ottey, 1996). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Intelligences multiples, Stratégies d'enseignement, Classe, Technique de ballet.

Le but de la recherche présentée dans ce mémoire-création est de réaliser un film documentaire qui traitera de la réalité telle qu'elle est vécue dans une réserve indienne au Québec. D'une durée de 26 minutes, cette œuvre aspire à transcender les discours officiels et à laisser la parole aux individus. Le tournage de ce film s'est déroulé sur une très courte période de temps et sans rencontres préalables car je désirais mettre concrètement à l'essai une technique d'entrevue intersubjective que j'ai développée au cours des dix dernières années et que j'ai intitulée Face à la caméra. Pour ce faire j'ai écrit, produit et réalisé ce film documentaire, intitulé Betsiamites, où j'ai appliqué cette technique d'entrevue. Par la suite, j'ai procédé à l'analyse de cette technique sous toutes ses coutures et j'en ai schématisé le dispositif. Aussi j'ai pu comparer l'approche - et le dispositif - que j'ai employé avec celui de deux maîtres dans le genre : Arthur Lamothe et Errol Morris. Le premier est un pionnier du cinéma anthropologique au Canada et le deuxième un spécialiste du « suspense » documentaire. Betsiamites a été tourné dans une réserve autochtone de la Côte-Nord. Le film donne la parole à des membres d'une communauté innue, celle de Pessamit. Au-delà du procédé technique de l'entrevue factuelle qui sert à étoffer le matériel d'analyse et de recherche, le film permet de plonger au sein de la réalité du peuple Innu telle qu'elle est vécue au jour le jour dans les réserves autochtones du Québec. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Autochtone, cinéma, documentaire, entrevue, Arthur Lamothe, Errol Morris

In order to measure the quality of the logs, one can with help of Fast Fourier Transform technique get the signals resonance peaks. With help of these peaks you can see whether the quality of a tree is good or bad. This report contains the work of a where a program has been developed to be able to process a vibration created by an automatic hammer hitting on a log of wood. From the processed signal the program should be able to show both the raw wavesignal and the processed measured data from the resonance peaks. Beyond the raw wavesignal and resonance peaks the program should also be able to control the automatic hammer. The goal with the project is to have a program that get the same measure results as an already functioning measuring equipment. The result was a success when with the help of the program you were both able to control the hammer, measure the results and save the data with an accurate results.