A radioimmunoassay was developed, specific for the gastrointestinal polypeptide, motilin. Antisera were raised in guinea pigs and rabbits. The immunogen was porcine motilin, conjugated to bovine serum albumin by the carbodiimide condensation reaction. The routine antiserum behaved identically towards endogenously- released motilin and the pure standard preparation. A radioactive tracer of high 125 specific activity was obtained after incorporation of - iodine into the motilin molecule by the chloramine-T method. The optimum conditions for all other assay variables were established to produce the most sensitive displacement Cstandard) curve. Motilin antiserum, coupled directly to an agarose matrix, retained full antibody activity and sensitivity. It is a feasible technique for use in both the radioimmunoassay and in the extraction of motilin from both serum and tissue extracts. The fasting serum levels of IR- motilin was 190 - 131 pg/ml in men and 294 -'.44 pg/ml in dogs (mean - SD) . The increase in motor activity in the extrinsically denervated fundic pouch of the dog after duodenal alkalinization was associated with a concomitant elevation in serum IR- motilin levels. This increase in serum IR- motilin was in the same range as that achieved by the exogenous administration of the porcine polypeptide which produced the same motor response. Duodenal acidification produced an apparent increase in serum IR-motilin with no associated increase in gastric motor activity. Only one peak of motilin immunoreactivity was detected when serum containing alkali-stimulated motilin or a partially purified duodenal extract were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. The distribution of motilin throughout the hog gastrointestinal tract, determined by radioimmunoassay on partially purified extracts, agreed with the immunocytochemical findings that motilin was predominantly located in the duodeninn and jejunum, with traces.in the upper ileum. Virtually the intact molecule was required for the expression of full biological potency. The individual amino acids were important inasmuch as they contributed to the charge distribution and conformation of the molecule. The physiological release and function of motilin have yet to be determined. Elevated levels of circulating IR- motilin have not been associated with any gastro-intestinal function, although they appear to be depressed by feeding. Motilin has been implicated in the control of the interdigestive phase of gastric motor activity. It may be acting in a local or paracrine manner. Motilin has not been implicated in any .•cU'in±cal.rst"ait"eC&s sjffetfce i The hormonal status of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) has been studied with the existing radioimmunoassay, modified to improve the label specific activity (by ion exchange chromatography). Direct coupling of GIP antisera to agarose beads was unsatisfactory, antibody activity and sensitivity being greatly reduced by the close proximity of the solid matrix. The postulated role of GIP as the enterogastrone1 of Kosaka and Lim, suggested by studies with exogenously-administered polypeptide, was confirmed by experiments in the dog. Pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was inhibited by intra-duodenal infusion with glucose or fat; this inhibition being associated with a significant elevation in the circulating serum IR- GIP levels, within the range produced by ingestion of a mixed meal. GIP does not appear to be involved in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion produced by duodenal acidification. Endogenous;GIP.stimulated by either fat or glucose exhibited at least 3 Immunoreactive components after column chromatography. The IR- GIP eluting in the void volume appeared to represent a non-specific complex between GIP and a serum protein and is possibly biologically inactive. A second IR-GIP component with a molecular weight of 7500-8000 (ProGIP), eluted ahead of the established form of GIP (molecular weight = 5105). ProGIP has been found to be relatively unstable. ProGIP and GIP^QQQ have also been detected in extracts of hog duodenal mucosa. The established insulinotropic effect of GIP correlates best with that percentage of the total IR- GIP composed of ProGIP and GIP500(). The relative proportions of IR- GIP500Q and IR- ProGIP in serum samples taken at different times after ingestion of either fat or glucose, suggest that ProGIP is either a precursor of GIP or that the ProGIP-producing cells occupy a more distal region of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa than the GIP- producing cells. Exogenous administration of synthetic somatostatin in dogs and man will inhibit both.GIP release by either fat or glucose and the insulino-tropic action of GIP at the level of the 8/-cell. Naturally-occurring intestinal or pancreatic somatostatin may contribute to the control of GIP release and serve to modulate the GIP- mediated response of the gastric parietal or pancreatic β-cell. / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The problem of the present study was threefold: 1) to devise a projective drawing analysis technique which would assess the operationally defined psychoanalytic concepts of id, ego, and superego, 2) to devise a preliminary scoring technique, and 3) to investigate the relationship between the drawings and the original clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Rainfall in semi-arid areas is generally insufficient to meet crop water requirements, and above all erratic in distribution. This leads to crop yield fluctuation, which drastically affects food security. Rainwater harvesting technologies have been implemented in these areas in order to mitigate the effect of perennial droughts. The successful adoption of these technologies can contribute to poverty alleviation, and therefore improve the livelihood of resource-poor subsistence farmers. Field trials for testing different rainwater harvesting scenarios are expensive, time consuming and laborious. As a result, crop models must be used to help study these systems, and thereby make prudent water harvesting design choices for specific situations. For this purpose, a simple, one-dimensional soil water balance model (Soil Water Balance-SWB) was modified by incorporating linear runoff estimation models in order to predict the soil water balance and crop yield under different rainwater harvesting design scenarios and to select the design most likely to succeed in a particular locality. Field data collected during the 2007/2008 maize growing season, on sandy clay loam soils, at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, was used to parameterize the different runoff models and to calibrate the SWB crop model. Various rainwater harvesting design scenarios were run for two different semi-arid areas, on different soil types to illustrate the application of the SWB model as a tool to help design the most appropriate rainwater harvesting strategy, taking into account whether arable land is limiting or not limiting for crop production. The SWB model was successfully calibrated. Simulation results reveal that in drier years bigger design ratios (cropping area: runoff area) of the in-field rainwater harvesting technique (IRWH) are most likely to be successful, while in wetter years smaller design ratios of the IRWH technique or even simpler rainwater harvesting strategies such as the tied ridge and the conventional tillage techniques can harvest sufficient rainfall for maximum crop production. Results from field trials conducted in Pretoria, on sandy clay loam soils, confirmed that, in a wet season, maize yield is maximized by a smaller IRWH design (1:1B). The SWB model can be used as a tool to help selecting the most appropriate rainwater harvesting strategy under specific conditions with minimum input requirements. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

archives@tulane.edu / Reactive Cavitation Erosion (RCE), a new materials processing technique for the production of functionalized nanomaterials in which acoustic cavitation erosion is performed in a reactive medium, is described herein. Background material on acoustic cavitation erosion in the form of a literature review is presented. The effects of fluid properties and ambient pressure on the bubble dynamics at the high acoustic pressures commensurate with RCE are studied. The solutions to the Rayleigh-Plesset equation (RPE) and Keller-Miksis equation (KME) are compared. It is shown that to a first approximation, the RPE and KME give similar results. Analyses of the RPE solutions for real-world fluids reveal that many fluids result in cavitation intensity comparable to or greater than that of water. The groundwork for future modelling of RCE was established through the development of the Hemispherical Pit Model (HPM). The HPM is based upon a simple geometrical model of the volume loss process and contains parameters that may be more directly related to material properties and experimental parameters. Formation of functionalized clinoatacamite nanoparticles is achieved through Reactive Cavitation Erosion of copper discs in a 1 M guanidine hydrochloride solution. From analyses, the mechanism for formation of the clinoatacamite proceeded from ablation of metallic copper from the disc surface followed by subsequent reactions in solution. / 1 / Jeremy William Wright

Since much of the existing research which points to the low validity of the Draw-a-Person technique has used differentiation of diagnostic categories as a criterion, this study will be restricted to a consideration of the Draw-a-Person technique as a means for discriminating between a group of individuals who manifest conflicts in the area of sexual adjustment and a control group which does not show these conflicts in any appreciable amount.

A description of the artistic education and development of the author, Frank Gunter, along with an account of how he conceived of and created several paintings. / "June, 1960." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate School of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Adolf Karl, Professor Directing Paper.

In the last several decades, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been the subject of extensive investigation due to their presumed abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). My thesis concentrated on investigating the dissociation of ionized PAH molecules in the gas phase under similar conditions of the ISM. The twelve PAHs studied were naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), phenanthrene (PHN), cyclopenta[d,e,f] phenanthrene (CYC), pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLN), perylene (PER) and coronene (COR). In addition, two dihydro PAHs were studied to examine potential intermediates in H2 catalysis, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (DHN) and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP), and two stabilized fragments of PAHs, acenaphthylene (ACE), fluorene-H (FLU). These ions were studied using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to generate the ions and the fragmentation was produced by collision-induced dissociation (CID). The CID experiments were done at different lab frame collision energies to produce breakdown curves for all fragments in each molecule. These curves were fitted by using Rice – Ramsperger-Kassel- Marcus (RRKM) theory to derive the activation energy (E0) at 0K and the entropy of activation (∆‡ S) for each reaction. The primary dissociation channel observed was H loss and this fragmentation channel was a common fragment to all PAHs molecules studied. Also, there were other fragments (CH3, C2H2, C4H2) observed in all of these molecules studied except perylene and coronene. The final step in this project was to compare these results with results derived from imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO) reported by West and co-workers in order to determine the suitability of the APCI-CID technique for deriving reliable kinetic parameters for this class of ions.

This project aims to optimise patterns in dress. Prints that rearrange forms have for example been used on warships called Dazzle ships, which disorientate the distance of the ship. Dazzle ships demonstrate the potential of prints and pattern in a dynamic depth for the viewer. Similarly, this project explores these aspects but in relation to the body and its interaction with print and colour. In this project, the method of trial and error of the materials and layers of print challenges the static archetypical print and garment. This is done through photography, color studies, layers and investigations of effects of transparency. This results in a collection that presents a dynamic spectrum of color combinations, prints, and materials.

Microbes exist in unfathomably diverse, dynamic and intricately structured ecosystems. However, we lack the tools to fully capture the complexity of these microbiomes, which in turn limits our ability to understand their ecology and function. Here, I address these shortcomings by developing new high-throughput measurement tools to characterize microbiomes across functionally distinct axes. First, from a synthetic biology perspective, I leverage the bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune system to enable a new class of population-wide passive recording devices in cells for capture temporally varying signals and horizontally transferred DNA sequences. Second, in the microbiome arena, I develop a new suite of tools (experimental and theoretical) to capture and analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of microbiomes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales. Taken together, these measurements provide deep insights into the ecology of complex microbiomes, and constitute a suite of powerful new tools to study microbes in their native context.

It was my purpose to study the role of acrylic paints and other products in the secondary high school and junior high school art curriculum in the area of painting, and related activities and to make a realistic evaluation of this medium. Because of its comparative newness and because of a general lack of knowledge of and experience with it, I felt such a study would fill a need relative to the utilization of acrylic products in the classroom. In preparation I read the material which was available on painting with acrylics'. The number of books published on the subject is limited. I talked with art teachers and found that many had only a cursory acquaintance with acrylics or had not used them at all. With this background I became involved in as many aspects of the use of acrylics in. the classroom as I could. A skeptic at first, I became increasingly enthusiastic as my work progressed. From my own experiences with acrylics, I devised some experiments which, for the most part, I took into the classroom and with which I involved students ranging from third grade to high school level. After my own experiences with acrylics as both artist and teacher, it is my conviction that acrylics can be invaluable in the art curriculum, and that they can be most helpful in providing a significant contemporary approach to the fundamentals of painting and other techniques. There are five chapters and an appendix in this thesis report. The first chapter provides an introduction to the acrylic products, with a brief summary of their-development as a fine arts medium, their cost, handling characteristics and their advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter is concerned with the individual acrylic products and with equipment and supplies. Painting techniques and suggestions for the use of acrylics are discussed in the third chapter. Suggestions for additional uses in the related activities of collage, mosaic, printing, drawing, transparent design and other techniques are contained in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter I state my conclusions concerning the medium. Photographs of student work and my work are included as a supplement to the text. A list of local suppliers and a list of manufacturers are included in the appendix, as well as photographs of my thesis paintings.