This research suggests that, because media choice is integral to the effectiveness of an advertising message, there is a need to compare the effects related to media choice. This paper establishes the need for a new way to evaluate comparative media effectiveness. Specifically, it provides a perspective regarding how media effectiveness is currently evaluated and indicates why the transformation of mass media requires a new model. A new conceptual model, The Advertising Receptivity Model, is proposed for this purpose. The results establish a relationship between the context of the media usage, the perception of advertising value, and receptivity to the advertising message. / text

In recent years, new media grow vigorously, and in which is most noticeable by the outdoor media. The reason is that along with the progress of technology the broadcasting of advertisement can be settled in many kinds of place filled with people, like department stores and supermarkets, no longer limited by the time or the place. Besides, people will be attracted by the visual and acoustic effect of this new medium. Therefore, this study is based on Web Advertising Attitude Model, and the main purpose of this study is to understand the audience¡¦s attitude toward digital signage, a new outdoor medium. Three findings are revealed. First, the relevant demographic variables have no significant effect on attitude toward advertising. Second, the informativeness and credibility of advertising have significant effect on advertising value. Furthermore, they will result in the positive attitude toward advertising. Finally, the entertainment and irritation have no significant effect on advertising value.

This study analyzes the relationship between the information search of internet users and the keywords advertising effects. According to the result of literature review, this study takes ¡§information search on the internet¡¨, four perceptual antecedents of keywords advertising including ¡§informativeness¡¨, ¡§irritation¡¨, ¡§entertainment¡¨ and ¡§credibility¡¨, ¡§advertising value¡¨ and ¡§advertising attitudes¡¨ as our dimensions to analyze the keywords advertising effects. This study adopts questionnaire survey method to collect sample information and the research targets are users who searched information on the internet and understood keywords advertising. This study finds that the higher degree of search of internet users, the greater the informativeness of keywords advertising they perceive, and the keyword advertising is more valuable thus, however, the search degree has no direct effect on keywords advertising. Moreover, informativeness, irritation, entertainment and credibility of keywords advertising all have effects upon the value of keywords advertising; irritation, entertainment and credibility of keywords advertising all have effects upon the attitudes toward keywords advertising. Finally, this study discovers that the value of keywords advertising has effect on the internet users¡¦ attitudes toward keywords advertising.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explain how privacy concerns impact the relationship between personalization and the factors of advertising value on smartphone advertising. Design/methodology/approach: A explanatory research design with a quantitative approach was conducted, utilizing an online questionnaire with a total of 103 respondents. Conclusion: The result indicates that privacy concerns only moderates the relationship between personalization and entertainment. It was also shown that privacy concerns had a direct impact on irritation Research limitations: The result is not generalizable as a non-probability sample was used, and only respondents between the 18-35 answered the questionnaire. Originality/value: A new perspective of how the moderation of privacy concerns impacts the relationship between personalization and the factors of advertising value. Keywords: Smartphone advertising, advertising value, informativeness, entertainment, irritation, credibility, incentives, privacy concerns. Paper type: Research paper

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Det har uppmärksammats en intensifiering av den digitala tekniken, som under senare år tilltagit mer än någonsin (Bassiouni & Hackley, 2014, s. 116). 2017 var det första året då internet utgjorde en övervägande del av alla medieinvesteringar (Larsén, 2018). I följd av internet och sociala mediers utveckling, då digitaliseringen är mer integrerad i samhället än tidigare, finns det fler möjligheter för företag att nå ut till konsumenter. Marknadsföringsverktyget influencer marketing har i takt med digitaliseringens utveckling expanderat, och omsatte 650 miljoner kronor på den svenska marknaden 2017 (Bränström, 2018). Vid användning av influencers lämnar företag över ansvaret till en extern person och företaget har således inte lika stor kontroll över den information och marknadsföring som sker. Det nya medielandskapet är därför mer oförutsägbart (Zahoor & Qureshi, 2017, s. 47). En social plattform är YouTube och är den populäraste videotjänsten för svenskar (Davidsson et al., 2018, s. 74). Influencer marketing har ökat och företag samarbetar med influencers inom YouTube där budskap om produkter sprids genom videoklipp av influencern. Fenomenet kan återkopplas till produktplacering, vilket enligt Russel och Belch (2005, s. 74) handlar om att införliva ett varumärke eller produkt i ett underhållningssammanhang och inte uttryckligen vara en annonsering. I följd marknadsföringslagen är det inte möjligt att helt undvika att nämna att det rör sig om reklam, men det är nära sammankopplat. Produktplacering har tidigare undersökts i stor utsträckning i form av TV (Van Reijmersdal et al., 2009, s. 430) men Eagle och Dahl (2015, s. 614–615) uppmanar forskare att fokusera på produktplacering inom sociala medier och i videos. Zhang och Mao (2016, s. 155) som menar att attityder mot reklamvärdet på sociala medier är ett ständigt utvecklande ämne. Studien har kvalitativt angreppssätt, för att generera en djupare förståelse för vad det är som gör att en viss produktplacering gällande betalda samarbeten på YouTube tas emot med en mer positiv attityd än andra, givet kvinnor i generation Z. Det har i samband med insamling av empiri genomförts åtta intervjuer med kvinnor i generation Z. Den analysmetod som används i studien är teoridriven tematisk analys. Analysdelen är indelad i fem olika teman; informativitet, underhållning, irritation, trovärdighet och reklamens värde vilka härstammar från Ducoffe (1996) där trovärdighet är en variabel som framkommit genom senare studier. I samband med bearbetning av insamlad empiri identifierats ett antal betydelsefulla underteman; Influencerns tydlighet, Ny information, Samarbetets anpassning till videons helhet, Influencerns engagemang, Överdrivna övertalningsförsök, Influencerns faktiska arbete, Konsumentens och influencerns egna erfarenheter, Parasocial relation,Kontinuitet samt Samarbetets produktplacering. Avslutningsvis har den aktuella studien bidragit till en djupare förståelse för kvinnor inom generation Z och deras attityder mot produktplacering inom betalda samarbeten på plattformen YouTube och vilka faktorer som påverkar kvinnornas attityder.

This research addresses an urgent contemporary problem within advertising and brand management in the new era of social networks - how do companies act on social networking platforms and how is this perceived by consumers? Being successful on Facebook is, seemingly, not as straight forward as many might think, and the misuse deriving from misperceptions can create negative brand impacts. This research aims to shed light on the yet under researched topic of firm-created Social Media advertising and its effects on the consumer mindset. This has lead to three overarching research questions, which provides a strong theoretical and practical contribution to the status quo:   RQ1:          What is the influence of the gap between motivational factors to “Like” a brand’s Facebook page and the subsequent firm-created Facebook advertising on perceived advertising value?   RQ2:          What is the influence of perceived advertising value on consumer brand-related activities?   RQ3:                      What is the influence of (1) perceived advertising value and (2) consumer brand-related activities on brand equity?   A quantitative research approach was adopted using a self-administered survey among 101 European Facebook users between 18 and 35. The framework of this research comes from four elements of theory; Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory to identify the underlying motivational factors to engage with a brand on Facebook, advertising value by Ducoffe (1995), to measure how the brand’s advertising is perceived, consumer brand-related activities (COBRA) by Muntinga, et al. (2011) to classify the level of consumer involvement with the brand on Facebook, and the brand value chain by Keller & Lehmann (2003), which is closely related to consumer-based brand equity as developed by Aaker (1991) and Keller (1993).   The main conclusions of this research include that the gap between initial motivations to start a brand-relationship on Facebook and the subsequent activities performed by the firm is smaller for those in a currently active brand-relationship while it is considerable larger for those who have decided to exit the relationship. Moreover, while not statistically confirmed a clear tendency was identified that the perceived advertising value of a brand on Facebook is attributable to the extent of this gap. In the same vein, the decision to continue or exit a brand-relationship on Facebook is attributable by the level of perceived advertising value. The type and level of interaction with a brand is influenced by the perceived advertising value, however, can be influenced by targeting specific motivations to interact. Both the perceived advertising value and the level/type of interaction with a brand were found to influence the consumer mindset. Especially the form (entertaining, enjoyable) in which advertising is dispersed on Facebook proves to be important.

一向強調使用者自主性的網路媒體，卻也出現插播式廣告(Interstitial)這種強迫閱聽眾接收的形式，這種情形引發了研究者的興趣。相較於傳統媒體，已經賦予閱聽人部分自主權的情形底下，廣告主又想藉由形式的操弄強迫閱聽人接收，這可能引起的負面態度相對傳統媒體來說可能更為嚴重。因此，本研究首先欲探討插播式廣告的使用是否有其他優點，例如強迫接收的形式，會吸引更多注意的緣故而留下較深刻的印象，而讓廣告主在可能導致閱聽人反感的風險下仍願意使用。其二，插播式廣告的使用是否必然引起閱聽人產生被迫收看的感受，以及察覺到廣告主意欲操弄的意圖，進而降低說服效果。換言之，插播式廣告能否藉由提供閱聽人娛樂價值，因而避免負面態度的產生。 結果發現，相對橫幅廣告來說，插播式廣告的確能吸引較多的注意，但並不會留下較深刻的記憶。其次，插播式廣告是否會引起操弄意圖推論、強迫性感受，進而降低說服效果，關鍵在於如果廣告能夠提供娛樂價值，那麼閱聽人並不會做出操弄意圖推論，也不會感覺到自己是被迫收看廣告的，當然不會進一步降低廣告態度。反之，若不提供其他價值，則會導致閱聽人做出操弄意圖推論，以及產生強迫性感受，因而進一步降低廣告態度。 最後，我們以一個交換的觀點來貫穿整篇文章，決定閱聽人是否產生操弄意圖推論或強迫性感受，關鍵在於閱聽人付出以及得到了多少價值，如果能讓閱聽人感受到自己所獲得的價值多過所付出的代價，那麼閱聽眾是會原諒行銷者的操弄。 / Comparing with other forms of media, the internet empowers audience with more freedom to choose what to see. However, it also emerged a new type of advertisement called, interstitial, which is commonly known as pop up. This kind of internet advertising forces audience to see advertisement whether they want or not. This phenomenon interests me to see what kind of effect this it will create for viewers., Since the audience once had the privilege to choose what they wanted to see, one of which is now seemed to be taken away from them, will this create negative feelings of the audience? Firstly I would like to know if there’re any advantages for advertisers to use this kind of internet advertising under the risk of disfavor. I postulates that interstitial may draw more attention and leave more impression than a banner does because of its format. Secondly, interstitial will not necessarily cause intrusiveness and inferences of manipulative intent (IMI), if the advertisement can provide other form values such as information or entertainment. The result supports my hypothesis partially. Firstly, interstitial does draw more attention than a banner. However, except for making people more impressed, no other difference has been found. Secondly, if interstitial contains entertaining value, it will not make audience feel intruded, IMI. ,and hostile attitude toward that advertisement. Whereas it will cause intrusiveness and IMI if the interstitial advertisement forces audience to see it without having any rewards. In this case it will reduce the advertising attitude in the audience. Finally, we can use an ‘exchange of ideas’ to sum up the main idea of this paper. The audience will devote their efforts and time to processing the given message, if the interstitial can reward the audience with more than what they pay for. They will also forgive the advertisers for manipulating them. The key to decide whether the audience feels intruded or knows of IMI depends on how much the audience give and receive.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to extend the understanding of content marketing, content characteristics and its effects on attitudes towards the advertisement and advertising value on social networking sites. Methodology: This study had an explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach. The data used in this study was gathered through an online questionnaire. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that there is a difference between different SNS and the effects that arises from different content characteristics in SNS advertisements. Different SNS can not be treated the same, these differences need to be addressed when communicating and creating advertisements and when being present on different SNS. Implications: This study contributed to the field by providing additional information on how advertising value is affected by attitudes towards the advertisement. The results of this study also show what effect the different content characteristics have on affective and cognitive responses, and gives information regarding what type of content marketers should emphasize, depending on which of the two SNS investigated in this study they are currently operating on.

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