Orientador : Noedir A. G. Stolf / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T04:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sancho_EduardoJoseVanti_D.pdf: 1561502 bytes, checksum: 192b5d013e041aab882e649719155402 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Foram estudados 62 pacientes, com idade entre 14 e 77 anos, submetidos à correção cirúrgica por dissecção aórtica aguda do tipo A, com insuficiência valvar aórtica associada. Vinte sete variáveis pré, trans e pósoperatórias, que pudessem influir na mortalidade hospitalar, foram avaliadas. A disfunção renal pré-operatória, a existência de cirurgia cardiovascular prévia, o tempo de circulação extracorpórea superior a três horas, o tempo de pinçamento aórtico superior a duas horas e o desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal pós-operatória determinaram um aumento significativo da mortalidade, quando analisados individualmente. Somente o tempo elevado de circulação extracorpórea e a insuficiência renal pós-operatória foram identificados como fatores independentes determinantes de maior mortalidade, quando analisados simultaneamente. Concluiu-se que a técnica cirúrgica utilizada, para a correção da insuficiência valvar, não tem influência sobre a mortalidade hospitalar e que medidas que visem diminuir o tempo de circulação extracorpórea e prevenir a insuficiência renal pós-operatória serão fundamentais para a obtenção de melhores resultados / Abstract: Sixty-two patients, aged between 14 ta 77 years, were submitted ta surgical carrectian far type A acute aortic dissectian assaciated ta aortic valve insufficiency. Twenty-seven parameters were investigated in arder ta establish their rale in the haspital martality. Univariate analysis demanstrated that previaus cardiac surgery, renal dysfunctian befare ar after the surgery, extracarpareal circulatian time langer than 3 haurs and aortic crass-clamping time langer than 2 haurs were assaciated with a significant increase in haspital martality. Pastaperative renal insufficiency and pralanged extra carpareal circulatian time were identified as independent factars assaciated with increased haspital martality when analyzed simultaneausly. The averall canclusian was that the technique emplayed far the carrectian af the valve insufficiency daes not affect the patient autcame. Shartening af the extra carpareal circulatian time and preventian af pastaperative renal insufficiency are essential far a better pragnasis af these patients / Doutorado / Doutor em Cirurgia

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.

Calcified atheromatous aortic lesion causing significant narrowing of the aorta is an uncommon clinical entity. This calcified atheroma leads to obstruction of the lumen of the aorta simulating acquired coarctation of aorta causing impaired perfusion of lower limbs, visceral ischemia, and hypertension. We report a case of 58-year-old patient who presented with dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 25-lb weight gain, lower extremity edema, and chest pain. Extensive workup including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large calcific mass in the aortic arch causing his presenting symptoms. After surgical correction his symptoms resolved. Any patient presenting with heart failure symptoms in the setting of uncontrolled renovascular hypertension, intermittent claudication symptoms, or visceral ischemia with normal ejection fraction but moderate to severe left ventricular hypertrophy should be in high suspicion for acquired coarctation of aorta. The routine thorough examination of pulses in bilateral upper and lower extremities in all hypertensive patients is a very simple and useful clinical tool to diagnose acquired aortic coarctation.

Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Daten von 129 Patienten ausgewertet, die zwischen Januar 2007 und Dezember 2013 am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg in der Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Thorakale Gefäßchirurgie aufgrund einer akuten Typ A Aortendissektion operiert wurden. Die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit war, ob eine Kanülierungsstelle gegenüber einer anderen bei der Operation der akuten Typ A Aortendissektion bezüglich der major adverse cardiac events Apoplex, Darmischämie, Nierenversagen, Querschnitt und Tod im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv der Universitätsklinik Würzburg überlegen ist. Ausgeschlossen von den Auswertungen zur Kanülierung wurden 4 Patienten (3,1 %), bei denen mehrere arterielle Kanülierungsstellen verwendet wurden. Somit ergab sich eine Studienpopulation von 125 Patienten. Keine der Überprüfungen von Zusammenhängen zwischen der Kanülierungsstelle und schwerwiegenden perioperativen Komplikationen war signifikant. Somit war in der vorliegenden Studie keine Kanülierungsstelle den anderen bezüglich der major adverse cardiac events überlegen. Darüber hinaus konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen Ort der arteriellen Kanülierung und perioperativer Mortalität festgestellt werden. Ein weiteres Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der erforderlichen Zeit vom Hautschnitt bis zum Anfahren der Herz-Lungen-Maschine. In der Gruppe der zentralen Kanülierung konnte der kardiopulmonale Bypass am schnellsten etabliert werden, wohingegen im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv die Etablierung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine über die Arteria carotis langsamer war. Letztlich sollten durch weitere Studien Patientengruppen identifiziert werden, die von gewissen Kanülierungstechniken profitieren, um individuell schnellstmöglich einen geeigneten kardiopulmonalen Bypass zu etablieren. / A retrospective study evaluated the data from 129 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery at the University of Würzburg between January 2007 and December 2013 due to acute type A aortic dissection. The central question of this dissertation was whether one cannulation site is superior to another in the operation of acute type A aortic dissection regarding the major adverse cardiac events apoplexy, bowel ischemia, kidney failure, paraplegia and death in the examined patient population at the University Hospital Würzburg. 4 patients (3.1%) in whom multiple arterial cannulation sites were used were excluded from the evaluations for cannulation. This resulted in a study population of 125 patients. None of the reviewed correlations between the cannulation site and serious perioperative complications was significant. Thus, no cannulation site was superior to the other regarding major adverse cardiac events in the present study. In addition, no connection was found between the location of the arterial cannulation and perioperative mortality. Another result of this study is the comparison of the time required from the skin incision to the start of the heart-lung machine. In the group of central cannulation, cardiopulmonary bypass was the quickest to establish, whereas in the examined patient population the establishment of the heart-lung machine via the carotid artery was slower. In conclusion, further studies should identify groups of patients who benefit from certain cannulation strategies in order to establish a suitable cardiopulmonary bypass as quickly as possible.

Der postoperative Apoplex ist eine der folgenschwersten Komplikationen unter kardiochirurgischen Patienten. Das Vorliegen einer schweren Atheromatose der Aorta ascendens gilt in diesem Zusammenhang als einer der Hauptrisikofaktoren. Die Anpassung des operativen Vorgehens unter Schonung der pathologisch veränderten Hauptschlagader stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Reduktion der postoperativne Mortalität und Morbidität dar. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit dem perioperativen Outcome unter Patienten mit einer Porzellanaorta, bei denen ein aortenschonendes Bypassverfahren unter Umgehung einer aortalen Klemmung der verkalkten Hauptschlagader angewandt wurde. Der Fokus liegt hierbei insbesondere auf dem postoperativen neurologischen Outcome. Hierzu wurde das kurz- und langfristige Outcome von insgesamt 40 Patienten analysiert, die sich bei vorliegender Porzellanaorta zwischen dem 01.06.2008 und dem 01.06.2013 an der Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Thorakale Gefäßchirurgie der Universitätsklinik Würzburg einer alternativen, aortenschonenden operativen koronaren Revaskularisation unterzogen. Zum Vergleich wurde das perioperative Outcome mit einem nach Geschlecht und Alter gematchten Kollektiv in doppelter Gruppenstärke erhoben, bei dem bei fehlender Atheromatose der Aorta ascendens ein konventioneller Herzbypasseingriff durchgeführt wurde. Unter den 40 Patienten mit detektierter Porzellanaorta wurden 26 Patienten nach dem Off-Pump Beating-Heart (OPCAB) Verfahren und 14 Patienten nach dem On-Pump Beating-Heart (ON-BH) Verfahren operiert. Die Datenerhebung bestand aus einer retrospektiven Erhebung prä-, intra- und postoperativer Parameter aus der elektronischen Patientenakte. Zudem wurden bei vorliegender Porzellanaorta Langzeitdaten mittels eines Telefoninterviews akquiriert. Die Studie konnte aufzeigen, dass Patienten mit einer Porzellanaorta sowohl aufgrund der Porzellanaorta als auch aufgrund einiger Komorbiditäten ein kardiochirurgisches Hochrisikokollektiv darstellen. So zeigte sich eine signifikante Häufung für das Vorliegen einer extrakardialern Arterienerkrankung (pAVK, Carotisstenose), dem Auftreten eines Apoplex in der Vergangenheit, eines fortgesetzten Nikotinabusus und einer chronischen Lungenerkrankung. Dieses Hochrisikokollektiv zeichnete sich auch durch signifikant höhere STS-Scores und einen deutlich höheren EuroScore II aus. Bezüglich der postoperativen 30-Tage Mortalität und Apoplexinzidenz zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Es ließ sich jedoch eine nicht-signifikante Häufung der Apoplexraten bei Vorliegen einer Porzellanaorta (7,5% vs. 1,3%, p=0,072) erkennen. Hingegen ergab sich eine signifikante Häufung der gesamtneurologischen Komplikationen bei vorliegender Porzellanaorta (40% vs. 10%, p<0,001). Dieser signifikante Unterschied begründete sich auf der signifikanten Häufung eines postoperativen Delirs (30% vs. 8,8%, p=0,03). Insgesamt zeigte sich zudem eine signifikant höhere Rate an inkompletten Revaskularisationen (10% vs. 0%, p=0,004), postoperativ neu aufgetretener dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienzen (10% vs. 0%, p=0,004) und postoperativ neu aufgetretenen Herzrhythmusstörungen (62,5% vs. 31,3%, p=0,001) bei vorliegender Porzellanaorta. Der Vergleich unter den zwei aortenschonenden Operationsmethoden (OPCAB vs. ON-BH) offenbarte eine nicht-signifikante Häufung der Apoplexinzidenz unter Einsatz der Off-Pump Methode (11,5% vs. 0%, p=0,186) bei jedoch signifikant geringerem Auftreten einer postoperativen anderen neurologischen Komplikation, die nicht einem postoperativen Apoplex entsprach (19,2% vs. 57,1%, p=0,015). Bei Einsatz einer aortenschonenden Operationsmethode, die eine Manipulation der Aorta ascendens gänzlich vermied (Anaortic-Technique, n=12) zeigte sich trotzdem eine nicht-signifikante Häufung des postoperativen Apoplex gegenüber den Porzellanaortapatienten, bei denen eine aortale Manipulation stattfand (16,7% vs. 3,6%, p=0,150) bei jedoch deutlich niedrigerer Delirinzidenz (8,3% vs. 39,3, p=0,05). Insgesamt zeigt die Studie, dass Patienten mit einer Porzellanaorta trotz aortenschonender Operationsmethoden ein signifikant schlechteres gesamtneurologisches Outcome aufweisen mit insbesondere höherer postoperativer Delirinzidenz. Folglich sollten Maßnahmen zur Delirprävention insbesondere für dieses Kollektiv etabliert werden. Patienten mit gesicherter Porzellanaorta und notwendiger Koronarrevaskularisation bedürfen einer interdisziplinären Begutachtung. Hierbei sollten auch die perkutane Intervention, der konservative Ansatz und eine Hybrid-Revaskularisation diskutiert werden. / Postoperative stroke is one of the most fatal complications in cardiac surgery. Severe calcification of the aorta ascendens is a main risk factor. Alternative surgical methods, that avoid the calcified aorta seem to be a possibility to reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity. Our study analyses the postoperative outcome of patients with diagnosed porcelain aorta, who were treated with a surgical technique, that precludes clamping of the calcified aorta with special focus on postoperative neurological outcome. The study population involves 40 patients who were diagnosed with a severe atherosclerosis of the aorta ascendens between 01.06.2008 and 01.06.2013 at the department of cardiothoracic surgery of the University Hospital Wuerzburg and consequently underwent a cardiac revascularisation that excluded a clamping of the calcified aorta. A group matched for age and gender in double figures that had no significant atherosclerotic disease of the aorta and underwent a conventional cardiopulmonary bypass provided the comparative collective. The 40 patients with porcelain aorta received either Off-Pump Beating-Heart revascularisation (n=26) or On-Pump Beating-Heart Technique (n=14). The data collection included pre-, intra- and postoperative data acquired from the electronic patient file. Longterm data of patients with porcelain aorta were collected via telephone interviews. Our study demonstrates that patients with a severe calcified aorta ascendens represent a high-risk group – not only because of the porcelain aorta itself but as a result of several comorbidities. Significant higher occurrence of extracardial arterial disease (peripheral arterial vascular disease, carotid occlusion), previous stroke, smoking and chronic lung disease were detected. This high-risk collective reflects in significant higher STS-Scores and higher EuroScore II. There were no significant differences concerning 30-day mortality and stroke incidence. A non-significant tendency towards a higher stroke rate in patients with a porcelain aorta was detected (7,5% vs. 1,3%, p=0,072). Significant higher rates of general neurologic complications appeared among patients with porcelain aorta (40% vs. 10%, p<0,001) with significant higher rates of postoperative delirium (30% vs. 8,8%, p=0,03). Furthermore a significant higher rate of incomplete revascularisation (10% vs. 0%, p=0,004), new-onset of acute kidney injury that required dialysis (10% vs. 0%, p=0,004) and new-onset of cardiac arrhythmia (62,5% vs. 31,3%, p=0,001) occurred among the high-risk group. The comparison of surgical techniques that avoided aortic clamping (OPCAB vs. ON-BH) revealed a non-significant higher incidence in postoperative stroke when using the Off-Pump Beating-Heart technique (11,5% vs. 0%, p=0,186). A significant higher occurrence of neurological complications except from postoperative stroke were seen when adopting the On-Pump Beating-Heart technique (57,1% vs. 19,2%, p=0,015). Even a surgical approach that completely avoided an aortic manipulation (anaortic technique, n=12) resulted in postoperative strokes (2/12, 16,7%). However a significant lower incidence of postoperative delirium was seen when compared to patients with a porcelain aorta who experienced a mild aortic manipulation (8,3% vs. 39,3%, p=0,05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that patients with a severe calcification of the aorta show a significant worse neurological outcome and especially a higher rate of postoperative delirium despite surgical methods that avoid clamping of the diseased aorta. Procedures to prevent postoperative delirium among those high-risk patients need to be established. Patients with diagnosed porcelain aorta that require a coronary revascularisation need an interdisciplinary approach. This should include percutaneous coronary intervention, a conservative approach and hybrid-revascularisation.

Non-specific aortic arteritis remains a disease of unknown aetiology, in which the treatment is empiric, the indications for surgery controversial and the prognosis unpredictable. Most series emanate from the Far East, with few contributions from Africa. The pattern of disease as seen in-Cape Town has not been documented since the study of Schrire and Asherson in 1964, containing 18 cases. In this study at Groote Schuur and Red Cross Children's Hospital from 1952 to 1987, only patients who had been extensively investigated and subjected to angiography were included. strict· inclusion criteria excluded patients with specific forms of aortic arteritis. 220 patients were studied of which 77% were female. Mean age 25(1-66). 68% were "Coloured" or Asian, 24% Black and 8% White. Involvement of the entire aorta was seen in 62%. The· aortic arch was involved in 70% but isolated arch disease occurred in only 9%. Aortic bifurcation disease occurred in 30%, an unusually high incidence. 93% had occlusive disease. 50% had aneurysms, which usually occurred together with occlusive disease. 7 patients presented with ruptured aneurysm. Hypertension due to renal artery stenosis or to coarctation was the commonest presentation (76%). 103 (47%) patients had cardiac disease (hypertensive cardiac failure or aortic incompetence.) Upper or lower limb claudication was present in 77 patients with gangrene in only 11. 43 patients had clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease. 54 patients are known to have died, with cardiac failure responsible for almost 50%. Follow-up of 5-20 years was possible in 40% of patients. Two-thirds showed no further progression in this period. Vascular reconstruction was performed in 43 patients (21%). Other treatment modalities included corticosteroids (11%) and antituberculous therapy (28%). Proven tuberculosis was present in only 20% of cases. The pattern of disease in Cape Town tends to be diffuse, usually with extensive branch vessel involvement, and thus seldom amenable to reconstructive vascular surgery. Hypertension and cardiac failure are the commonest presenting symptoms and the most frequent cause of death. The aetiology of this condition remains obscure and the pathogenetic link with Tuberculosis is controversial. A significant number of patients have "burnt out" disease, and prolonged survival has been observed.

No description available.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart disease in which the aorta witnesses localized obstruction. CoA can be fatal if left untreated. Endovascular stenting of CoA is an attractive treatment of choice in adolescents and adults; however, it can be associated with problems like stent malapposition and inappropriate stent expansion. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of stent implantation on the hemodynamic factors in a patient with mild coarctation. Computational fluid dynamics was utilized to illustrate the hemodynamic factors like velocity distribution, wall shear stress, and trans-coarctation pressure drop in pre- and post-intervention states. These factors were used to assess the success of stent deployment in this patient. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is employed in this work to provide detailed information on hemodynamics in patient-specific preand post-intervention geometries of the aorta. The results of an in-house lumped parameter code, in which its input parameters are obtained from patient-specific clinical data, were applied as the boundary conditions in this study. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Aortic Stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only acceptable treatment for AS. Several replacement methods are available to treat AS including conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and Sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR). SAVR showed excellent long-term results. However, it is an invasive procedure and is denied in substantial number of patients. TAVR showed excellent results and outcomes when compared to SAVR. However, it is associated with increased rate of paravalvular leaks that may impact long term outcomes. SuAVR has developed to overcome the drawbacks of SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR is associated with favorable short and midterm outcomes when compared to SAVR and TAVR. In this thesis, we summarize the safety, the evidence and the perceptions of using SuAVR in Canada. In Chapter1, we evaluated the use of SuAVR Perceval bioprosthesis in retrospective single center study of 415 patients with AS. SuAVR showed excellent immediate post-operative and hemodynamics outcomes. In chapter 2, we sought to establish perceptions and patterns to SuAVR use among Canadian cardiac surgeons. Sixty-Six Canadian cardiac Surgeons responded to the survey. Surgeons reported influential factors, barriers to use SuAVR, and their interest in a trial comparing SuAVR versus TAVR. Surgeons were likely to use SuAVR in high risk patients with hostile aortic root, small aortic annulus and in patients undergoing concomitant procedures whereas cost was the main limiting factor to use SuAVR in Canada. Majority of surgeons reported their interest in participating in a trial comparing SuAVR with TAVR. In chapter 3, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the international evidence of using SuAVR versus SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR showed favorable or comparable results to SAVR and TAVR. However, long term and randomized data are needed to confirm these results. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is considered the most common valvular heart disease, which caused by narrowing of the aortic valve. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only acceptable treatment to relieve the stenosis. Several strategies are available including conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR). SAVR is an invasive procedure and denied in a considerable number of patients with aortic stenosis due to aging and presence of multiple diseases leading to higher risk of complications. TAVR is less invasive option and showed excellent results when compared to SAVR. However, it was associated with complications. SuAVR has developed to overcome some of the drawbacks of SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR is associated with short operation time and less complications compared to SAVR and TAVR. This thesis summarizes the safety, perceptions and evidence surrounding the use of SuAVR.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do exercício físico aeróbio sobre alterações morfológicas ocorridas na parede da aorta abdominal de animais hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos (WKY), sedentários (S) e treinados (T). Ratos SHR e WKY foram utilizados, que consistia de quatro grupos divididos em WKYS, WKYT, SHRS, SHRT. O treinamento durou 13 semanas, sendo 5 horas por semana, 1 hora por dia. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o exercício físico foi eficaz em reduzir a pressão arterial, a freqüência cardíaca e a razão parede/luz, bem como em aumentar a quantidade de fibras elásticas e a luz do vaso no grupo SHRT, em comparação ao grupo SHRS. Em relação à expressão protéica de colágeno I e III, os SHR apresentaram um significativo aumento em relação ao grupo WKY e o grupo SHRT apresentou significativa redução em relação ao SHRS. A <font face=\"symbol\">a-actina mostrou maior expressão nos grupos WKYS e SHRS, quando comparado com seus respectivos grupos treinados e a elastina mostrou-se significante aumento na expressão nos grupos treinados em relação aos grupos sedentários. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises on morphological changes on abdominal aorta wall, in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) animals, sedentary (S) and trained (T). SHR and WKY were used on the experimental protocol that consisted in four groups divided in WKYS, WKYT, SHRS and SHRT. Trained groups were submitted to a training protocol that lasted 13 weeks, 5 hours a week, 1 hour a day. Results showed that physical exercises were effective not only in reducing blood pressure, cardiac frequency and wall-to-lumen ratio, but also in increasing the number of elastic fibers and the internal diameter in SHRT, in comparison to SHRS. According to collagen I and III protein expression, in both, SHR presented a bigger expression than WKY group. Moreover, SHRT group showed a significant reduction of protein expression in comparison to SHRS. <font face=\"symbol\">a-actin showed to be more expressed in WKYS and SHRS, in relation to the WKYT and SHRT groups and elastin showed a significant increased in WKYT and SHRT in relation to the sedentary groups.